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Long term results of use of azathioprine in patients with ulcerative colitis in India

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7332-7336页

作者： Ajit sood Vandana Midha neena sood Manu Bansal Departments of Gastroenterology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India Departments of Medicine Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India Departments of Pathology Dayanand MedicalCollege and Hospital Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India

AIM： To evaluate the role of azathioprine （AZA） in Indian patients with ulcerative colitis over longer duration of time. METHODS： One hundred fifty six patients with ulcerative colitis who were treated with AZA from January 1995 to December 2003 were reviewed. The indications for its use were as follows：（1） steroid dependent and steroid refractory disease; （2） Azathioprine monotherapy for na＇fve patients with severe disease; and （3） combination therapy （AZA ＋ sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylates） for naive patients with severe disease. The data included patient and disease demographics, efficacy and toxicity profile of AZA. Patients with a minimum duration of 6 mo use of AZA were included in this report. RESULTS： Of a total of 156 patients treated with AZA, 45 were excluded from analysis for the following reasons- （follow up less than 6 mo, n = 9; poor follow up, n = 18; adverse affects, n = 18）. In steroid refractory/dependent group the mean number of relapses prior to and post initiation of AZA therapy were 3.28 （± 0.81） and 0.94 （± 0.29） respectively. Discontinuation of steroids could be accomplished in 12 of the 15 steroid dependent patients. The proportion of patients with sustained remission of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years duration were calculated. Eighteen patients experienced adverse effects necessitating withdrawal of AZA （pancreatitis, n = 7; hepatitis, n = 3; gastrointestinal intolerance, n = 2; alopecia, n = 2; and hematological, n = 4） while 13 patients needed dose reduction or temporary withdrawal of the drug. CONCLUSION： Azathioprine is well tolerated and has therapeutic benefits lasting as long as 4 years. Adverse effects such as pancreatitis, hepatitis, cytopenias and gastrointestinal symptoms do occur but are controlled by drug withdrawal only.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Azathioprine Immunosuppressive

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Rodents as reservoirs of parasites in India

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 21-26页

作者： Lachhman D.SINGLA neena SINGLA Vir R.PARSHAD Prayag D.JUYAL Naresh K.sood Departments of Veterinary Parasitology Departments of Veterinary Pathology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhianaIndia Department of Zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia

We monitored the prevalence of endoparasitic infections of rodents in Punjab State, India, between January 2004and December 2005. Three species of wild rodents, namely the house rat, Rattus rattus (n = 42), the lesserbandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis (n = 34) and the Indian gerbil, Tatera indica (n = 15), were live-captured fromhouses and crop fields. Examination of various organs revealed that the highest rates of endoparasitic infectionoccurred in R. rattus (40.5%), followed by B. bengalensis (35.3 %) and then T. indica (20.0%), with an overallinfection rate of 35.2%. All three rodent species were found naturally infected with one or more species ofhelminths. Metacestodes (1–6) of Cysticercus fasciolaris (larvae of Taenia taeniaeformis) were found in all threerodent species (in the liver). In one male T. indica, numerous robust T. taeniaeformis metacestodes were found inoval sacs attached to the mesentery and the abdominal wall, an unusual site. The cauda epididymal fluid of thesame gerbil was also found to be infected with a very rare species of strongylid nematode, which could not beidentified to genus or species level. It is possible that this nematode is transmitted sexually and thus may affect thereproductive potential of gerbils. This appears to be the first report of this phenomenon. In one B. bengalensisindividual, the intestine was found to be obstructed with an acanthocephalan, Moniliformis moniliformis, withconcurrent infection with C. fasciolaris in the form of multiple cysts in the liver. Although no natural protozoaninfection was found in these field rodents, experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection has been established in allthree species with high pathogenicity, and the possibility of sexual transmission was supported by the presence of *** in the cauda epididymal fluid of male rats.

关键词： helminth India parasite reservoir rodent

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