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GIS技术在农业面源污染研究中的应用

中国土壤与肥料 2020年第6期 279-285页

作者：黄瑜刘佩诗甘曼琴 nebiyou legesse 王慧慧甘晓玉郭龙马友华安徽农业大学资源与环境学院安徽合肥230036

地理信息系统(GIS)技术具有分析速度快、智能化、可视化和信息化的优点,利用GIS技术研究农业面源污染问题已经成为近年来研究农业面源污染的一大趋势。本文阐述了基于GIS在农业面源污染研究中的主要应用技术,包括农业面源数据处理与管... 详细信息

地理信息系统(GIS)技术具有分析速度快、智能化、可视化和信息化的优点,利用GIS技术研究农业面源污染问题已经成为近年来研究农业面源污染的一大趋势。本文阐述了基于GIS在农业面源污染研究中的主要应用技术,包括农业面源数据处理与管理、时空分布与空间差异性、GIS信息系统开发、大数据可视化、模型模拟、污染风险评估及预警预测等,并提出了GIS技术在农业面源污染控制和治理应用方面的发展趋势和研究方向。

关键词：农业面源污染 GIS(地理信息系统) 大数据可视化模型空间分布与空间差异性污染风险评估及预警预测

Multi-criteria decision making methods to address rural land allocation problems:A systematic review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 490-501页

作者： Sintayehu legesse Gebre Dirk Cattrysse Esayas Alemayehu Jos Van Orshoven Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Industrial ManagementTraffic&InfrastructureKU Leuven(University of Leuven)Celestijnenlaan 3003001LeuvenBelgium Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Division of ForestNature and LandscapeKU Leuven(University of Leuven)Celestijnenlaan 200E3001LeuvenBelgium Department of Natural Resource Management Jimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering JITJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia

Land allocation has been an important issue in land use planning research *** allocation involves different multifunctional activities of maximizing environmental,economic and social ***-criteria decision making(MCDM)method is the most popular tool to optimize land allocation problems by considering decision variables,conflicting objectives,and ***,decision-makers face problems on how to optimize the land allocation while minimizing the conflicting trade-offs existing in the decision *** this review study,we aim at identifying and extracting information on MCDM methods to solve land allocation problems from English language articles published between 2000 and 2019 and indexed by four scientific literature databases(Web of Science,Science Direct,Scopus,Google scholar).To this end,we applied a systematic literature review approach,*** Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis procedure(Moher et al.,2009),with a structured database search expression.120 articles were selected of which,after careful screening of title,keywords and abstract,69 were retained for detailed *** review study report compiles comprehensive information by classifying the papers into application area,optimization objectives,criteria used,decision techniques,publication year and study *** summary,we found that in the last two decades,the use of the MCDM method has increased,particularly in Europe and ***(analytical hierarchal process)is frequently used for multi-attribute land allocation problems with reference to ecotourism and ecosystem ***(linear programming)and SA(simulating annealing)methods are predominantly used to optimize multi-objectives complex agricultural and forest land allocation problems respectively.

关键词： Database Allocation Decision techniques PRISMA

Co-dynamics of COVID-19 and TB with COVID-19 vaccination and exogenous reinfection for TB:An optimal control application

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 574-602页

作者： Zenebe Shiferaw Kifle legesse Lemecha Obsu Department of Mathematics Adama Science and Technology UniversityAdamaEthiopia

COVID-19 and Tuberculosis(TB)are among the major global public health problems and diseases with major socioeconomic *** dynamics of these diseases are spread throughout the world with clinical similarities which makes them difficult to be *** this study,we formulate and analyze a mathematical model containing several epidemiological characteristics of the co-dynamics of COVID-19 and *** conditions are derived for the stability of both COVID-19 and TB sub-models *** certain conditions,the TB sub-model could undergo the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever its associated reproduction number is less than *** equilibria of the full TBCOVID-19 model are locally asymptotically stable,but not globally,due to the possible occurrence of backward *** incorporation of exogenous reinfection into our model causes effects by allowing the occurrence of backward bifurcation for the basic reproduction number R_(0)η*).The analytical results show that reducing R_(0)<1 may not be sufficient to eliminate the disease from the *** optimal control strategies were proposed to minimize the disease burden and related *** existence of optimal controls and their characterization are established using Pontryagin's Minimum ***,different numerical simulations of the control induced model are carried out to observe the effects of the control *** reveals the usefulness of the optimization strategies in reducing COVID-19 infection and the co-infection of both diseases in the community.

关键词： COVID-19 Co-infection Exogenous reinfection Basic reproduction number Bifurcation Optimal control

A High-Speed Launching Mechanism Inspired by a Slingshot Spider’s Web

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第2期19卷 440-447页

作者： Tom Bates John Gerig Manuel Avitia Gunnar Waldvogel Tesfay legesse Justin Washington Pranav A.Bhounsule Robotics and Motion Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Chicago842 W.Taylor St.ChicagoIL 60607USA

Slingshot spiders use their conical webs to launch themselves at high speeds to catch *** built a launching mechanism inspired by the slingshot *** launch mechanisms comprise a steel structure with eye bolts to hold a conical web made from latex rubber *** pull the web by a winch using a lever arm.A quick-release mechanism connects the web to the winch using a tough-grid *** we release the quick-return mechanism,the projectile material consisting of a steel ball achieved an acceleration of 5107 m s^(-2) or 521 times gravity,and a speed of 66.41 m s^(-1).The power per unit mass and energy per unit mass of our prototype was one tenth and one fifth that of the spider’s web *** particular,we found that web structure consisting multiple radial web elements reinforced with circumferential web elements provide enhanced stiffness;as a comparison our web had a stiffness of about eight times that of traditional slingshot with a single radial web *** results suggest that adapting designs from nature can lead to potentially superior performance of man-made contraptions.

关键词： Slingshot spider Launching mechanisms Catapult Bioinspiration

Land use and land cover changes and Soil erosion in Yezat Watershed,North Western Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 85-94页

作者： Lemlem Tadesse K.V.Suryabhagavan G.Sridhar Gizachew legesse School of Earth Sciences Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia

Soil erosion affects land qualities and water *** problem is severe in Ethiopia due to its topographic *** present research was aimed to estimate spatiotemporal changes in land-use/land-cover pattern and soil erosion in the Yezat watershed in *** study was carried out by using landsat imageries of 2001,2010 and *** were classified into categories using supervised classification by maximum likelihood *** were also classified into different biomass levels by using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)*** Universal Soil Loss Equation modeling was applied in a GIS environment to quantify the potential soil erosion *** area under grassland,woodland and homesteads have increased by 610.69(4%),101.69(0.67%)and 126.6 ha(0.83%)during *** extent of cultivated land and shrub/bushland was reduced by 323.43(0.02%)and 515.44 ha(3.41%),respectively,during the same *** vegetation cover in the watershed decreased by 91% during 2001-2010,and increased by 88% during *** of NDVI values indicates better ground cover due to implementation of integrated watershed development program in the *** estimated annual soil losses were 7.2 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) in 2001,7.7t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) in 2010 and 4.8t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) in *** interventions are necessary to improve the status and utilization of watershed resources in response to sustainable land management practices for sustainable livelihood of the local people.

关键词： Biomass GIS NDVI Land-use and land-cover Remote sensing RUSLE

The Role of Magnetic Fields in Gamma-Ray Bursts from SNeII

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第4期3卷 500-507页

作者： legesse Wetro Kebede Department of Physics Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Data from a recently discovered long Gamma Ray Burst (GRB 090102) by NASA’s Swift satellite revealed that such GRBs may not be fireballs as usually presumed, but instead they are powered and collimated by organized strong magnetic fields (≧ 1015 G) generated by the compact object, a neutron star (NS) created at the core of the associated supernova explosion (SNeII). A mechanism for the generation of such strong surface magnetic fields where power NSs result from the deaths of massive progenitor stars is described based on a non-conventional model for pulsar magnetic fields, namely, spinning polarization charge that I recently developed in [1]. I show that this could give rise to scenarios involving long GRB events as the one captured by the Swift satellite during GRB 090102 in January 2, 2009. The model predicts that the magnetic moment of a NS has a dynamical feature which makes it different from that of a simple pulsar. I show this could have serious consequences on the statistics of observing long GRBs and also help explain such scenarios as the steep decline in the photon count-rate and the subsequent shutoff in the Swift/XRT X-ray data from GRB 070110.

关键词： Pulsars Pulsar Dynamics Pulsar Magnetic Fields Type II Supernova Explosions GRBs from SNe II

Knowledge on breast cancer and its prevention among women household heads in Northern Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第1期4卷 32-40页

作者： Befikadu legesse Teferi Gedif Department of Pharmacy Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the malignant diseases taking the lion’s share role in the devastating effects caused by cancer. BC related awareness and practice of females are known to have crucial contribution in the prevention and control efforts. The worst aspects of the disease in Ethiopia include absence of research and thus very limited information on any aspect. The study assessed knowledge and practice on BC among women household heads. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 845 women. The sample size was divided among five randomly selected kebeles (smallest government administrative units) proportional to the number of households. Samples were selected by systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by trained data collectors through a face-to-face interview using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire from female household heads. Pearson chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to assess the determinants of BC knowledge and breast cancer self examination (BSE) practice. Results: The respondents’ age ranged from 20 to 75 years with a mean age of 33.66 ± 10.8. Onefifth (19.8%) of the respondents were illiterate, while 257 (31.8%) had primary education. Majority of them were married 548 (67.7%), Orthodox Christians 649 (80.4%), and housewives 365 (45.1%). Only 675 (83.4%) of the respondents have ever heard/read about BC. Media 399 (59.1%) and colleagues/friends/neighbors 200 (29.6%) were the major information sources. Only 86 (12.7%) of the respondents had a high BC knowledge. Even though 304 (45%) of the BC informed participants had information on BSE, only 163 (53.6%) of them have ever done it. Both BC knowledge and BSE practice were significantly affected by educational level. Conclusion: Majority of women household heads in Mekelle town had low knowledge and insufficient BC related practices. The region’s health bureau and local mass-media need to work on breast cancer awareness and practice of the wom

关键词： Mekelle Town Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Knowledge and Practice Breast Self Examination Women Household Heads

Inactivated Vaccine Trial of <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018年第6期8卷 75-85页

作者： legesse Bekele Temesgen Assefa National Veterinary Institute Debre Zeit Ethiopia Department of Applied Biology College of Applied Natural Science Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

The study and entire laboratory works were conducted from December 2014 to April 2015 in National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Formaldehyde inactivated Montanide ISA70 based Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) trial vaccine strain was confirmed the identity with known primer using PCR from locally isolates of National Veterinary Institute of Ethiopia. This study was aimed to develop formaldehyde inactivated Montanide ISA70 based MG vaccine in Ethiopia. It can help to device strategies in controlling the disease mainly through developing more effective vaccine which will replace the currently being imported vaccines by some farms. After culturing procedure, oil based inactivated MG trial vaccine was produced in suitable clean and secure accommodation. In this study, among different isolates, local isolate of Samuel farm in NVI was prepared and evaluated in chickens. The amount of immune antigen per 0.5 ml of the dose was 107 Colony forming units (CFU) of the bacteria. The trail vaccine was prepared and evaluated at the age of 16 weeks of chickens;the chickens were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), each having twenty birds (10 male and 10 female). Each of group B was vaccinated group of imported-live vaccine with 30 μl intraocularly for comparing with inactivated trial vaccine, each bird of group C was inoculated with 0.5 ml indigenous or trial vaccine subcutaneously at mid neck region and group A was used as a control then challenge tests were performed. After challenge test, among non-vaccinated chickens (control or group A) 2 chickens were died (10%), thicken and cloudy appearance of the air sac showed 18 (90%), 2 chickens were not showed thickened and cloudy air sack (10%). Although among vaccinated group (inactivated vaccine or group C), all chickens did not show clinical signs or post mortem changes (100%). From attenuated imported live vaccine (group B), no clinical signs or post mortem changes were observed (100%). It was concluded that o

关键词： Adjuvant Chickens Inactivated Vaccine Mycoplasma gallisepticum PCR

Assessment of the Trend, Cause and Effect of Deforestation Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Goba District, Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 546-566页

作者： Getachew legesse Hussein Hayicho Mersha Alemu Department of Environmental Science Madda Walabu University Robe Ethiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Madda Walabu University Robe Ethiopia

The conversion of forested areas to non-forest land was a series problem in study area of Goba district. The objectives of this study were to assess the trends, causes and effects of deforestation in Goba district, Bale zone, Ethiopia. Descriptive research method was employed to achieve these stated objectives. Satellite image of the three times and socio-economic survey were the main data sources for this study. ERDAS imagine 9.2 and ArcGIS 10 tools were applied for land use and land cover type classification, and analysis and mapping. These land use land and over change data were obtained from USGS. Socio-economic data collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions and interviews on the causes and impacts of land use and land cover change were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software and content analysis for qualitative data. These analyzed data were expressed in percent and in words. The result shows that there was variation in the extent of land use and land cover change among different categories/classes at different study periods. Open area and Bush land showed decreasing change during first period of comparison and increasing change in the second period of comparison. In contrast, agricultural area, Bale temperate vegetation and built up area showed increasing. Built up area, agricultural area and Bale temperate vegetation increased by 80.05, 15.84, and 7.40 percent respectively, however, open area, grassland, forest land and bush land decreased by 1.58, 1.21, 0.97, and 0.28 percent per year for the last 29 years respectively. In general, in study district forest cover was 50.87% of the total area in 1986 and decreased to 36.57% in 2015 whereas agricultural area was increased from 3.45% to 19.28% respectively. This implies an increasing agricultural area at the expense of other land use cover categories, particularly natural forest. The study indicated that increasing population, forest fire and fuel wood consumption, overgrazing, and agricultur

关键词： Deforestation Remote Sensing GIS Land Use and Land Cover Goba District