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Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy reveals wide variation in major components of sesame seeds from Africa and Asia

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The Crop Journal 2018年第2期6卷 202-206页

作者： Komivi Dossa Xin Wei Marème Niang Pan Liu Yanxin Zhang Linhai Wang Boshou Liao ndiaga cissé Xiurong Zhang Diaga Diouf Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan 430062HubeiChina Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptationàla Sécheresse(CERAAS) BP 3320 Route de KhomboleThièsSénégal Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales Département de Biologie VégétaleFacultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopBP 5005 Dakar-FannDakar 107000Sénégal

Sesame is an important oilseed crop in Africa and Asia, owing to its high nutritional quality seed and market value. Variation in sesame seed components including oil, oleic acid,linoleic acid, and protein was investigated by near-infrared reflectance spectrometry in 139 samples collected from different countries. Oil and protein contents were between 40.8%and 60.3%(mean 53.0%) and 15.5% to 25.5%(mean 20.4%), respectively. Linoleic acid,ranging from 31.8% to 52.4%(mean 46%) was more abundant than oleic acid(31.8%–50.6%,mean 38.1%). Light-seeded samples displayed higher nutritional quality, as they were richer in oil, protein, and linoleic acid than dark seeds. Samples from Africa had higher oil and linoleic acid contents, while Asian samples had higher oleic content. The analysis revealed West African sesame cultivars containing especially high levels of seed components, which may command high market values. Two clusters of sesame samples grouped by seed composition were obtained, including one cluster with high oil and oleic acid content and the other with high protein and linoleic acid content. This study revealed that sesame samples from Africa and Asia harbor high variation for major seed components and also provided background information for breeding high-nutrition varieties according to the demands of sesame seed markets.

关键词： Sesamum indicum Major seed components Variation Asia Africa NIRS

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Growth and Transpiration of <i>Jatropha curcas</i>L. Seedlings under Natural Atmospheric Vapour Pressure Deficit and Progressive Soil Drying in Semi-Arid Climate

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第6期9卷 639-654页

作者： Bassiaka Ouattara Ibrahima Diédhiou Nouhoun Belko ndiaga cissé Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS) Thiès Sénégal Université de Fada N’Gourma (U-FDG) Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Département de Productions Végétales Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture (ENSA) Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Kano Nigeria

During the last decade, Jatropha curcas L. (J. curcas) has gained much attention worldwide as biofuel crop. Although its cultivation is promoted in the Sahel, there is a surprising lack of data on its water use regulation and growth in this region. Here, we investigated, in semi-controlled conditions, leaf transpiration and growth of six accessions of J. curcas at seedling stage under natural changing in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and progressive soil drying in Senegal. The experimental layout was a randomized complete bloc design and after 3 months of growth arranged to a split-plot at the implementation of water stress to facilitate irrigation. Under well water condition, there was no significant difference between accessions for leave transpiration that was positively correlated to VPD with high values recorded between 13 h and 14 h pm. Accessions of J. curcas used in this study showed closed thresholds at which transpiration declined except accession from Ndawene that threshold was lower (0.30). There is no significant difference between accessions for growth during the experimentation period. In 3 months, we recorded 23.57 g for the aboveground dry biomass and seedlings had about 14 leaves and 24.3 cm height. Positive linear correlation was recorded between aboveground biomass and root dry weight (p J. curcas might need complement irrigation for a better growth of seedlings especially during the dry season.

关键词： Growth Jatropha curcas L. Leaf Transpiration Water Stress Senegal

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How Does Heat-Stress Intensity Affect the Stability of Microbial Activity and Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Outfields and Homefields’ Cultivation Practices in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin?

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第2期13卷 97-123页

作者： Paul ndiaga ciss Laure Tall Saidou Nourou Sall Mariama Dalanda Diallo Paula Fernandes Tidiane Dieye Medoune Mbengue Espoir Gaglo Komi Assigbetse LABAAM UFR S2ATA Université Gaston Berger Saint Louis Sénégal ISRA (Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole) LNRPV Dakar Sénégal IPAR (Initiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale) Dakar Sénégal LMI IESOL Centre ISRA-IRD-UCAD Dakar Sénégal CIRAD UPR Hortsys Centre ISRA-IRD-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Eco & Sols Université de Montpellier IRD CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France Hortsys CIRAD Univ Montpellier Montpellier France

Agroecosystems in the Senegalese groundnut basin experience long periods of high temperatures and drought, which disrupt the stability of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated how that stability is affected by homefields and outfields’ agricultural practices and the duration of heat stress. Specifically, we collected soils from organically farmed fields that receive continual high inputs of manure (homefields), and from fields that are rarely manured (outfields). Soil samples were submitted to artificial heat stress at 60°C for 3, 14, and 28 days, followed by 28 days of recovery at 28°C. We examined the functional stability of microbial communities by quantifying C mineralization, and characterized the stability of the communities’ taxonomic compositions via high-throughput DNA sequencing. We found that the microbial communities have a low resistance to heat stress in soils from both types of fields. However, the manuring practice does affect how the functional stability of microbial communities responds to different durations of heat stress. Although functional stability was not recovered fully in either soil, microbial community resilience seemed to be greater in homefield soils. Differences in manuring practices also affected the structural taxonomic stability of microbial communities: relative abundances of Bacilli, Chloroflexia, Actinobacteria and Sordariomycetes increased in the homefield stressed-soils, but decreased significantly in outfield soils. In contrast, relative abundances of α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Eurotiomycetes increased significantly in outfield stressed-soils, while decreasing significantly in the homefield soils. Relative abundances of Bacilli changed little in outfield soils, indicating that this taxon is resistant to heat stress. In summary, the microbial communities’ capacities to resist heat stress and recover from it depend upon the organic richness of the soil (i.e., manuring practice) and the adaptation of soil

关键词： Groundnut Basin Senegal Agricultural Practice Heat Stress Microbial Stability Microbial Diversity

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Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy reveals wide variation in major components of sesame seeds from Africa and Asia

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The Crop Journal 2018年第2期 202-206页

作者： Komivi Dossa Xin Wei Marème Niang Pan Liu Yanxin Zhang Linhai Wang Boshou Liao ndiaga cissé Xiurong Zhang Diaga Diouf Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops，Ministry of Agriculture Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS) Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales， Département de Biologie Végétale， Faculté des Sciences et Techniques， Université Cheikh Anta Diop

关键词： Sesamum indicum Major SEED components VARIATION ASIA AFRICA NIRS

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How Does Heat-Stress Intensity Affect the Stability of Microbial Activity and Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Outfields and Homefields’Cultivation Practices in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin?

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Open Journal of Soil Science（土壤科学期刊） 2023年第2期

作者： Paul ndiaga ciss Laure Tall Saidou Nourou Sall Mariama Dalanda Diallo Paula Fernandes Tidiane Dieye Medoune Mbengue Espoir Gaglo Komi Assigbetse

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CT Scans and Delays in Diagnosis of Stroke in Senegal’s Regional Hospitals: A Multicenter Study of 655 Cases

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2020年第2期10卷 96-104页

作者： Hamidou Deme Nfally Badji Léra Géraud Akpo Oumou Dieng Abdoulaye Dione Diop Fallou Galass Niang Mouhamadou Hamine Toure Ibrahima Faye Malick Diouf Aicha Ndichout Marie Mbengue Cherif Mohamadou Aidara Mamadou Ly Ousmane Sano ndiaga Matar Gaye Ousmane cissé Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Aissata Ly Ba Sokhna Ba Diop El Hadj Niang Radiology Department of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar Dakar Senegal Radiology Department of the CHNU de Fann in Dakar Dakar Senegal Neurology Department of the Fann University Hospital in Dakar Dakar Senegal Radiology Department of the Albert Royer Children’s Hospital of Fann in Dakar Dakar Senegal

Stroke represents the 2nd cause of mortality and 1st cause of physical disability in the adult population. In Senegal, it represents 30% of hospitalization and 2/3 of the mortality in the department of neurology in the capital city, Dakar. Objective: To specify the types of stroke and to evaluate diagnostic delays in Senegal’s regional hospitals. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, multicentric study for 4 years (from 2014 to 2017) including any patient presenting a clinical suspicion with a CT scan confirmation of stroke in one of the 9 regional hospitals in Senegal with a recruitment period of 6 months per hospital. CT scans were performed with a 16 slices machine in 6 hospitals, 4 slices in 2 hospitals and 2 slices in 1 hospital. We studied the types and location of strokes, the associated signs and the time from stroke onset to admission and the time from admission to CT scan. Results: 655 patients were retained including 322 men and 333 women for an M/F ratio of 0.96. The average age was 63 years (range: 7 years, 112 years). High blood pressure was noted in 59.2% of patients and diabetes in 10.7% of patients. Strokes were ischemic in 76% of cases involving the middle cerebral artery in 73% of cases and hemorrhagic in 24%, of which 80.7% were deep localized. A mass effect was noted in 7.5% of cases, an engagement in 6.9% of cases and ventricular hemorrhage in 2.7% of cases. The delay between the onset of the deficit and admission was less than 6 hours in 10.6% of patients. The time between the onset of stroke and admission to hospital was specified in 416 patients (63.5%) of the study population, it was less than 6 hours in 10.6% of patients, between 6 hours and 24 hours for 29.3% and more than 24 hours for 60.1%. Between admission and the CT scan, the time was precise in 459 patients (70%), it was less than 6 hours in 37.9%, between 6 hours and 24 hours in 43.6 % and more than

关键词： Stroke CT Scans Diagnostic Delays

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