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Prevalence of.Renal f.ilure in Children and the Need f.r Dialysis in Paediatric Nephrology in a Developing Country

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Open Journal of.Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 101-111页

作者： Younoussa Keita Aliou A. Ndongo f.tou Ly ndeye C. Cisse Liliane N. D. M. Yamba Babacar Niang Djiby Seck Amadou sow ndeye f. sow Abou Ba Indou D. Ly Aliou Thiongane Amadou L. f.ll Idrissa D. Ba Modou Gueye Pape M. f.ye Assane Sylla Pediatric Unit of.Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of.Pikine Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of.Albert Royer Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of.Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of.Dalal Diam Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Renal f.ilure is among the major visceral f.ilures responsible f.r morbidity and mortality in children. Epidemiological data on renal f.ilure in children are limited in sub-Saharan Af.ica, including Senegal. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of.renal f.ilure (Rf. and the need f.r dialysis in the paediatric nephrology unit. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study in the pediatric nephrology unit f.om 1st January 2020 to 30 June 2021, including children with acute or chronic Rf. The need f.r dialysis was judged to be met by its ef.ectiveness in f.ce of.an indication. The data collected were analysed on sphinx plus 2017 sof.ware. Results: The prevalence of.Rf.was 60% (n/N = 132/220). Rf.was acute in 59% (n/N = 78/132) of.cases. The mean age was 6.53 ± 4.77 years with a sex ratio of.1.8. The mean serum creatinine level was 27.22 mg/L (240.9 μmol/L) and BUN at 0.85 g/L. The aetiologies were dominated by prerenal AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) complicating nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 37.2% (n/N = 29/78) and dehydration due to stomach f.u in 17.6% (n/N = 9/51). Acute post-inf.ctious glomerulonephritis including group A streptococcus and plasmodium f.lciparum accounted f.r 16.7% (n = 13/78) of.intrinsic AKI. The need f.r dialysis was unmet in 50% (n/N = 7/14) with a mortality of.14.1% (n/N = 11/78). The mean age of.the patients with chronic Rf.was 8.68 ± 4.74 years with a sex ratio of.2.6. The mean serum creatinine level was 36.56 mg/L (323.5 μmol/L) and the BUN level was 0.99 g/L. Half.of.the children were classif.ed as having CKD stage II (early stage). The aetiologies were dominated by primary f.cal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (f.GS), 53.7% (n/N = 29/54), renal hypoplasia, 22.2% (n/N = 12/54) and ref.ux nephropathy, 29.4% (n/N = 5/17). The need f.r dialysis was unmet in 46.1% (n/N = 6/13). The overall mortality of.chronic kidney disease (CKD) with Rf.was 29.6% (n/N = 8/27). Conclusion: The prevalence of.Rf.was high i

关键词： Renal f.ilure Glomerulonephritis Hypodysplasia Dialysis Children

Experimental Characterization of.Shape of.an Aggregate by a Numerical Value—Application to Senegalese Basaltic Aggregates f.r Rail Transport

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Open Journal of.Civil Engineering 2020年第2期10卷 131-142页

作者： Abdoulaye Diedhiou Libasse sow ndeye Mareme Diop Civil Engineering Department Higher Polytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

This article f.rst talks about railways in general and ballast in particular. An inventory is then made on the modernization of.the Senegalese ballast railways. In the second phase, an experimental work of.characterization of.basaltic aggregates of.Diack (Locality of.Ngoundiane, Thiès region, Senegal) is presented. The grain size studied is 25/50 mm as f.r any material studied f.r use as railway ballast. Experimental work presented consists of.the characterization of.the shape of.an aggregate using the Nf.P 18-301 standard. The test consists of.comparing the volume of.the aggregate to that of.an equivalent sphere with the largest diameter of.the aggregate, by calculating the average volume coef.icient. With a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of.6 aggregates, the volume coef.icient “Cv” fluctuates between 0.27 and 0.49 with an average volume coefficient of 0.39 which is well above 0.15. The grains studied are polyhedral and therefore have a high mechanical resistance.

关键词： Ballast Rail Transport Basalt Shape Volume Coef.icient

On f.nite Noncommutative Grobner Bases

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Algebra Colloquium 2020年第3期27卷 381-388页

作者： Yatma Diop Djiby sow Department of.Mathematics and Computer Sciences Cheikh Anta Diop University of.Dakar DakarSenegal

It is well known that in the noncommutative polynomial ring in serveral variables Buchberger's algorithm does not always ***,it is important to characterize noncommutative ideals that admit a f.nite Grobner *** this context,Eisenbud,Peeva and Sturmf.ls def.ned a mapγf.om the noncommutative polynomial ring k〈X_(1),...,X_(n)〉to the commutative one k[x_(1),...,x_(n)]and proved that any ideal J of.k〈X_(1),...,X_(n)〉,written as J=γ^(-1)(L)f.r some ideal L of.k[x_(1),...,x_(n)],amits a f.nite Grobner basis with respect to a special monomial ordering on k〈X_(1),...,X_(n)〉.In this work,we approach the opposite *** prove that under some conditions,any ideal J of.k〈X_(1),...,X_(n)〉admitting a f.nite Grobner basis can be written as J=γ^(-1)(L)f.r some ideal L of.k[x_(1),...,x_(n)].

关键词： natural maps lexicographic extension minimal generators commutators

Experimental Geotechnical Characterization Campaign of.the Matam Soil f.r Lithology: Application to the Study of.Supports of.the Balterdi Bridge

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Open Journal of.Civil Engineering 2021年第2期11卷 200-215页

作者： Abdoulaye Diedhiou Libasse sow Gorgui Thierno Yoro Diouf.Mbene Diop ndeye Mareme Diop Civil Engineering Department Higher Polytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Technosol Engineering Laboratory Dakar Senegal

This paper presents a geotechnical study whose objective is to determine the lithology of.the soil of.Balterdi village (Matam, Senegal). A bridge-type structure with six supports is to be built on the studied site. The drilling program consisted of.six core drillings (SC) each 30 m deep with sampling and six destructive drillings with pressuremeter tests (SP) every 1.5 m up to 30 m deep. A pair of.core and pressuremeter tests was carried out under each support. f.om the results of.the core drill holes and the geological model of.the site, it can be seen that the lithology of.the soil along the structure consists essentially of.sof. clay layers, becoming f.rm at depth over the f.rst 18 m on average (with some incursions of.sandy layers) resting on medium to compacted sand up to 30 m. Brown clayey f.ll is also present between piers P3 and P5. The presence of.a watercourse along the structure is noted. The f.undations will theref.re be carried out in the water. The results of.the pressuremeter tests conf.rm the homogeneity of.the soil over the whole area. Indeed, the values obtained are almost similar f.r all the tests. According to the limit pressures obtained, the clayey-sandy f.rmations encountered along the structure are respectively sof. to f.rm and moderately compact to compact. Their limit pressures are high enough to allow good bearing capacities.

关键词： Geotechnical Behaviour Cored Surveys Pressuremeter Surveys Lithology Bridge Supports

A f.cused Laser Beam:A Usef.l and Versatile Tool f.r 1D Nanomaterials Research:A Review

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Journal of.Materials Science & Technology 2015年第6期31卷 616-629页

作者： Junpeng Lu Sharon Xiaodai Lim Chorng Haur sow Department of.Physics National University of Singapore Department of.Science Drive National University of Singapore National University of.Singapore

One-dimensional(1D) nanomaterials have generated considerable interest amongst researchers because of.their potential as f.ndamental building block in f.ture nano- and micro-electronic *** this article,we present a review of.a f.cused laser beam system as a versatile tool f.r the manipulation,structural transf.rmation,micropatterning and chemical modif.cation of.1D *** tool was f.und to be ef.ective in patterning and modif.ing various physical and chemical properties of.the pristine1 D *** also aids in the f.brication process of.heterostructures and 1D nanomaterial based ***,we present the implementation of.the f.cused laser beam setup as a valuable tool in the study of.the origins and photoresponse mechanism of.the 1D nanomaterial devices.

关键词： Laser Nanomaterials Composite Optoelectronic Elect

Emission wavelength selection via anomalous polarized f.uorescence in ZnO-C nanowires

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4489-4497页

作者： Joon Kiat Kang Kim Yong Lim Chorng Haur sow Department of.Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117542Singapore

Def.ct f.uorescence f.om high aspect ratio semiconductor nanowires typically displays a weak polarization parallel to the nanowire’s long axis due to dielectric mismatch in high aspect ratio ***,anomalous 2.2 eV def.ct f.uorescence distinctly polarized perpendicular to the nanowire is observed and measured f.om carbon-incorporated zinc oxide *** observations are signif.cant because polarized def.ct emissions with consistent polarization on a mesoscopic scale are *** a systematic study and comparison of.experimental results with density f.nctional theory calculations,an oriented def.ct complex comprising carbon substituting on an oxygen site and an oxygen vacancy(CO-VO)is deduced to be responsible f.r the anomalous yellow f.uorescence,demonstrating a method f.r relating atomic-scale def.ct geometry to mesoscopic *** anomalous emission can appear in both green-and red-f.uorescing nanowires grown with dif.erent carbon concentrations,verif.ing the independence and uniqueness of.the 2.2 eV *** allows f.r polarization-dependent emission wavelength selection f.om a single nanowire.

关键词： anomalous polarization def.cts f.uorescence zinc oxide carbon

f.rmation and Microstructural Characterization of.Silicon-modif.ed Aluminide Coating on Nickel-based Superalloy IN738LC

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 657-660页

作者： f. Shahriari f. Ashraf.zadeh A. Monshi Materials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan IranMaterials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan IranMaterials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

In this investigation, aluminide coatings used to protect industrial components at high temperature and corrosive environments were modif.ed with silicon addition and the microstructural f.atures and f.rmation mechanism were evaluated. The coating on the nickel-based superalloy IN738LC was carried out by a two stage process including siliconizing at f.rst and aluminizing thereaf.er. Pack cementation siliconizing perf.rmed at 950C f.r 2, 4 and 6 hours in several powder mixtures of.Si, A12O3 and NHiCl, then aluminum was dif.used into the surf.ce of.the specimens by an industrial aluminizing process. The modif.ed coatings were characterized by means of.standard metallography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray dif.raction methods. The results show that Si in the coatings mainly presents in the f.rm of.secondary phases including Cr3Si, Mo5Si3 and Nii6Ti6Si7, well distributed within the NiAl matrix. The advantages of.this two stage modif.ed coating is discussed.

关键词：显微结构 IN738LC 镍超级合金扩散渗碳处理生长机制

Closed-f.rm solutions f.r f.ee vibration of.rectangular f.M thin plates resting on elastic f.undation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1088-1103页

作者： T. f. Xu Y. f. Xing Institute of.Solid Mechanics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191 China China Academy of.Launch Vehicle Technology R&D Center Beijing 100076 China

This article presents closed-f.rm solutions f.r the f.equency analysis of.rectangular f.nctionally graded material (f.M) thin plates subjected to initially in-plane loads and with an elastic f.undation. Based on classical thin plate theory, the governing dif.erential equations are derived using Hamilton's principle. A neutral surf.ce is used to eliminate stretching-bending coupling in f.M plates on the basis of.the assumption of.constant Poisson's ratio. The resulting governing equation of.f.M thin plates has the same f.rm as homogeneous thin plates. The separation-of.variables method is adopted to obtain solutions f.r the f.ee vibration problems of.rectangular f.M thin plates with separable boundary conditions, including, f.r example, clamped plates. The obtained normal modes and f.equencies are in elegant closed f.rms, and present f.rmulations and solutions are validated by comparing present results with those in the literature and f.nite element method results obtained by the authors. A parameter study reveals the ef.ects of.the power law index n and aspect ratio a/b on f.equencies.

关键词： f.nctionally graded material f.ee vibration Rectangular plate Close f.rm solutions Neutral surf.ce

New approaches to vibrational spectroscopy of.zeolite catalysts: a perspective

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f.ONTIERS Of.CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2024年第11期18卷 123-123页

作者： Howe, Russell f. Univ Aberdeen Chem Dept Aberdeen 999020 Scotland

This perspective discusses three alternative techniques which complement conventional inf.ared spectroscopy f.r obtaining vibrational inf.rmation about zeolite catalysts and adsorbed molecules: inelastic neutron scattering, inf.ared micro-spectroscopy, and two-dimensional inf.ared spectroscopy. The techniques are illustrated brief.y and f.ture prospects f.r their use discussed.

关键词： f.IR zeolites INS micro-spectroscopy 2D f.IR