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Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization, Total Phenolic and Energy Value from Bulbs of Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Senegal

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 129-139页

作者： ndeye adiara ndiaye Lahat Niang Modou Dieng ndeye Coumba Kane Touré Laboratory of Microbiology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal University Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Kaolack Senegal

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g-1;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g-1. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g-1 respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g-1 compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g-1 of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of loc

关键词： Allium cepa L. Characterization Physicochemical Biochemistry Total Phenolic

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Assessment of Some Secondary Metabolites, Minerals and Alcohol Content of Noni Juice Obtained by Fermentation of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruit from Senegal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 577-588页

作者： Ndèye adiara ndiaye Mame Ndew Mbaye Lahat Niang Modou Dieng Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou ndeye Coumba Kane Touré Laboratory of Microbiology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal University Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Kaolack Senegal

The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.

关键词： Morinda citrifolia L. Juice Alcohol Total Phenols Flavonoids Tannins Minerals

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Sweetener and Flavor Enhancer Food Additives in Industrial Food Products Marketed in Dakar: Frequency and Diversity

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane Alioune Sow Ndèye adiara ndiaye Coumba Gueye Sagna Papa Amadou Diakhaté Mady Cissé Amadou Diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in Dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter Sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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Prognosis Factors of Urinary Quality of Life in Parkinson Disease

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第1期12卷 10-17页

作者： Ngor Side Diagne Sakhi Othman Ababacar Mamadou Gueye Marie Jeanne Sakho Fatou Dialo Mboup Amélie ndeye Makarame Sy Papa Ndiouga Lo Ba Seydina Ousmane Anna Modji Basse Maouly Fall Adjaratou Dieynaba Sow Moustapha ndiaye Amadou Gallo Diop Physical Médicine and Rehabilitation Department Fann Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Neurology Department Pikine Hospital Dakar Senegal Physical Médicine and Rehabilitation Department Ibn Rochd Teaching Hospital Casablanca Morocco Physical Médicine and Rehabilitation Department Military Hospital Dakar Senegal Neurology Department Fann Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Quality of life in Parkinson disease is not necessary linked to motor symptoms. It’s correlated of overactive bladders and prostatic symptoms. Prognosis factors of urinary quality of life are unknown. Objectives: Our study aims to find prognosis factors of quality of life associated specifically of urinary disorders in PD. Patients and methods: We conducted a transversal, analytic and descriptive study in Physical Medicine, and Neurology departments, Fann Teaching Hospital, Dakar and included patients followed for treatment of PD. Urinary disorders, quality of life and functional autonomy were assessed respectively by Urinary Symptoms Profile (USP), Qualiven Short Form, Schwab and England Scale. Results: 38 patients presented PD, with a mean age of 60.89 ± 13.6 years and sex-ratio of 2.45. Mean duration of PD was 3.1 ± 2.9 years. Urinary disorders were found in 47.36% and dominated by incontinence (88.88%) and overactive bladders (88.88%) which were minor in more than 55%. Quality of life was impaired in 88.88% of cases. Minor forms (43.75%) were predominant and constraint dimension (50%) was the most severely altered. Prognosis factors for quality of life of urinary disorders were PD stages (0.046) and functional autonomy (0.042). Discussion and conclusion: Urinary disorders in PD are common, impaired quality of life, especially the constraint dimension, depends on stage of evolution of PD and functional autonomy of patients.

关键词： Urinary Quality of Life Parkinson Disease Dakar

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Optimization Scale Pasteurization of Baobab Juice Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 113-122页

作者： ndiaye ndeye adiara Bassama Joseph Dieng Modou N. C. Toure/kane Montet Didier Graduate School Polytehnique Dakar Dakar Fann Senegal Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis Senegal IRESSEF Institute for Health Research Epidemiological Surveillance and Training Diamniadio Dakar Senegal Qualisud Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro University of Avignon University of La Réunion Montpellier France

The Adansonia digitate L. known as Baobab is the only species present in West Africa and grows wild. All parts of the plant are used by humans. In Senegal, baobab pulp is widely consumed;it is used as raw material in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for making juices, concentrates, jams, powder. Drinks or juices from baobab are highly appreciated by consumers;however rapid fermentation can happen even after pasteurization that can shorten their shelf-life. A Doehlert experimental design was used to find a good scale of heat treatment ensuring a proper conservation of baobab juice. Results of the experimental design showed that a heat treatment of 80°C for 10 min gives a baobab juice with good sanitary quality that meets the international standards.

关键词： Baobab Juice Scale of Pasteurization Doehlert Experimental Plan Response Surface Method

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Lithostratigraphic and Geochemical Characterization of Tobene Phosphate Deposits: A Case Study of Tobene South 1

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第2期14卷 251-269页

作者： ndeye Khady ndiaye Mouhamadoul Bachir Diouf Pan African University for Life and Earth Science Institute University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Département de Géologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Tobene is the third exploitation panel of the Taiba Phosphate deposits. It is divided into five sectors and its exploitation started in 2003 after the closure of the Ndomor and Keur Mor Fall panels. The Taiba phosphate deposit has been the object of several studies based on lithology, biostratigraphy, geochemistry, and petrography;however, few investigations on the variation in thickness of the phosphate layer within the Tobène sector have been conducted. This study seeks to analyze the lithostratigraphic and geochemical characteristics of the phosphate layer in the Tobène South1. Results from the lithostratigraphic study show from top to bottom the following succession: the sandy overburden, the sandstone formation, the Silico-feralitic formation, the variegated roof clays, the Taiba formation (homogeneous ore and heterogeneous ore), and the foliated attapulgite of the wall. Geochemical analysis reveals an unequal distribution of major oxides (P2O5, CaO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2). The area is dominated by P2O5 concentrations between 20% and 32%, the K parameter (=CaO/P2O5) has an average of 1.36. The iron associated with aluminum (feral) is present in the southern part and on the contours of the sector;the dominant silica concentration is 20%. Correlations established between the major oxides show a strong relationship with p-values 0.05, nevertheless there is proportionality in the evolutions between the chemical variables CaO and P2O5, on the other hand, an opposite evolution between P2O5 and the two chemical parameters silica (SiO2) and feral.

关键词： Tobene Taiba Keur Mor Fall Ndomor Sandy Recovery Silico-feralitic

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在中国经商的文化挑战

在中国经商的文化挑战

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作者： ndeye khady ndiaye 北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

随着全球化经济的不断深化,中国已经成为最具吸引力的外商投资市场之一。中国与西方国家经济合作越来越密切,在相互交往中,跨文化交际成为一个重要的问题。可以看到,跨国公司经营中很多失败的案例都源于对于文化差异的忽视。世界经济的... 详细信息

随着全球化经济的不断深化,中国已经成为最具吸引力的外商投资市场之一。中国与西方国家经济合作越来越密切,在相互交往中,跨文化交际成为一个重要的问题。可以看到,跨国公司经营中很多失败的案例都源于对于文化差异的忽视。世界经济的一体化一方面为全球各个国家提供了相互合作的巨大机会,但另一方面这种一体化也会在不同文化相互合作中产生一些影响相互交往的独特的问题。中国市场在世界经济中具有重要的作用,许多跨国公司纷纷来到中国寻找商业机会拓展其在华的业务。这些跨国公司很多是通过合资或者收购的方式进入中国市场的。因此,研究在中国的跨文化交际是一个重要的课题。本论文运用吉尔特·霍夫斯塔和迈克尔·邦德(Hofstede and Bond)的文化维度理论,阐述对中国与其它国家一般文化差异的理解。本文从五个方面讨论了文化差异对管理实践的影响:合作战略、冲突管理、决策、团队特征和激励系统。论文分为三个部分。第一部分是引言,介绍了论文的研究背景、研究问题和研究方法。第二部分介绍了在中国经商的文化挑战,为文章的主体部分,分为五节。第一节对中国的自然状况、历史概况、政治体制、经济文化概况作了简要介绍,第二节从理论上介绍了文化纬度的概念并运用该理论分析了中国文化,第三节介绍了中西方文化的一般差异,第四节运用淘宝和ebay两个案例对比说明文化管理在商业实践中的重要性,第五节介绍了非洲商人在广州经商的案例。第三部分是本文的结论,提出了商业管理中跨文化交际是应该遵循的基本原则和文化管理基本方法。

关键词：民族文化跨文化管理冲突管理全球化

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Suitable Temperature, Stocking Density and Feeding Rate for Optimal Growth of Sex Reversed Fry of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Senegal River Strain)

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 897-915页

作者： Mbaye Tine Adji Bineta Thiombane Famara Sonko ndeye Dioguy ndiaye Hamet Diaw Diadhiou UFR of Agricultural Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technologies (UFR S2ATA) Gaston Berger University (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal ISRA/Oceanographic Research Center Dakar-Thiaroye Dakar Senegal

Determining the suitable fish farming conditions for optimal growth is necessary for aquaculture production, but it is not very obvious because it requires a good understanding of species biology. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of different temperature regimes, stocking densities, and feeding rates on the growth of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings that have been sex-reversed with 17α methyl testosterone. Three independent experiments were performed (with replicates) at the IRD Bel-Air fish farm (Dakar, Senegal) on 27-day-old fry maintained in six 25 L tanks with a batch of 100 individuals each. These fry were subjected to three different temperatures (26˚C, 28˚C, 30˚C;kept constant with thermostats), stocking densities (5, 10 and 15 ind/l) and feeding rates (5%, 10% and 15% of biomass;distributed three times a day). For the temperature and density treatments, fry was fed a pelleted feed containing 38% protein, distributed by hand at 10% of their total biomass, readjusted after each measurement. Growth performance (total weight, weight gain and daily weight gain), physicochemical parameters (temperature, oxygen, nitrite and phosphorus), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) were regularly monitored (weekly) during the experimental period. For the heat treatment, the results did not show an apparent relationship between growth performance and nitrite, phosphorus or dissolved oxygen (DO) contents. In contrast, there was a significant correlation between temperature and growth rates, with the best growth being obtained at 30˚C compared to 28˚C and 26˚C. Similarly, growth rates were correlated with stocking density and feeding rate but not with oxygen, temperature, nitrite or phosphorus levels. The best growth rates were observed at the lowest density (5 ind/l) and for the highest feeding rate (15% of biomass), which coincides with the best FCR and survival rates. Thus, 30˚C, 5 ind/l and 15% of

关键词： Density Feeding Rate Fry Growth Temperature Nile Tilapia

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Cardiac Echography in Pediatrics at the Regional Hospital of Diourbel: Indication and Result

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 556-564页

作者： Aliou Mar Coundoul Abdou Aziz Faye Khadim Bop Amadou Lamine Fall Papa Moctar Faye ndeye Fatou Boye ndeye Tenning Faye Ousmane ndiaye Pediatric Service Cheikh Ahmadoul Khadim National Hospital Center of Touba Diourbel Diourbel Senegal Albert Royer National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Henrich Lû ckbe Center Diourbel Senegal

Childhood heart disease is a real public health problem. In our contexts, care remains a major challenge. Doppler echocardiography remains the essential examination for diagnosis. The objective of our study was to describe the different clinical indications for cardiac ultrasound in children and the main pediatric heart diseases at the Diourbel Heinrich Lübke Regional Hospital. This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study spanning from 2020 to 2022;covering a series of 140 cases. The study was carried out using patient clinical observation sheets and consultation sheets. We identified 140 ultrasounds. The average age of patients was 35.96 months with extremes of 0.03 months and 192 months. The female sex was predominant, with an M/F sex ratio of 0.72. Ultrasound was systematically requested in 67.14% of the study population. The indications found were mainly: heart murmur, polymalformative syndrome, respiratory failure, bronchiolitis, cardiomegaly, suspicion of heart disease, cardiomegaly, pre-therapeutic and pre-operative assessment. A total of 71 cardiac abnormalities were found in 65 patients, i.e. a prevalence of 46.42%. Congenital heart disease was more frequent (found in 49 patients, a prevalence of 35%) and was dominated by the CIA. There was a female predominance in almost all heart diseases except in the case of endocarditis where codominance is found. Our study has made it possible, through echocardiography, to evaluate the indications for echocardiography in children, to determine the prevalence of heart disease in children and also to assess the relevance of requests for echocardiography.

关键词： Echocardiography Pediatrics Indications Diourbel

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Diffusion Coefficient in Silicon Solar Cell with Applied Magnetic Field and under Frequency: Electric Equivalent Circuits

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2014年第2期4卷 84-92页

作者： Amadou Diao ndeye Thiam Martial Zoungrana Gokhan Sahin Mor ndiaye Grégoire Sissoko Laboratory of Environment Materials Physics Department Training and Research Unit in Applied Science University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

In this paper, a theory on the determination of the diffusion coefficient of excess minority carriers in the base of a silicon solar cell is presented. The diffusion coefficient expression has been established and is related to both frequency modulation and applied magnetic field;the study is then carried out using the impedance spectroscopy method and Bode diagrams. From the diffusion coefficient, we deduced the diffusion length and the minority carriers’ mobility. Electric parameters were derived from the diffusion coefficient equivalent circuits.

关键词： Solar Cell Magnetic Field Frequency Modulation Diffusion Coefficient

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