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Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar Ali Shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen nazir ahmad Khan Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(p<0.05)intakes of DM(8.35 kg/d),organic matter(OM,7.85 kg/d),and metabolizable energy(ME,12.00 Mcal/d)in calves fed with MS70-LC *** highest(p<0.05)digestibility(g/100 g)of DM(65.2),OM(67.3),crude protein(69.1),and neutral detergent fibre(56.3)was recorded for MS40-HC *** maximum(p<0.05)average daily gain(ADG,571 g/d)was recorded for diet *** lowest value(p<0.05)of CH4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-HC,and MS60-HC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

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Preoperative Serum Albumin Levels and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Single-Center Study in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第8期14卷 131-144页

作者： ahmad Pear Salahuddin Md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Munama Magdum Dewan Iftakher Reza Chowdhury Nittya Nanda Pal Md. Nahedul Morshed Md. zafar-Al-Nimari Latifa Nasrin Farooque Ahmed Department of Cardiac Surgery National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute (NHFH&RI) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Mother and Child Welfare Center Cumilla Bangladesh

Background: Serum albumin, a vital plasma protein, helps maintain intravascular colloidal osmotic pressure, cardiac output, and renal function. Low preoperative serum albumin is linked to poor outcomes, including acute kidney injury (AKI), after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery. This study aimed to assess the relationship between preoperative serum albumin levels and early postoperative renal injury. Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to February 2021 at the National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute, Bangladesh. It included 160 adult patients with normal preoperative renal function undergoing OPCAB. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (serum albumin ≥ 4.0 gm/dl) and Group B (serum albumin Results: Preoperative serum albumin was significantly different between groups (Group A: 4.21 ± 0.05 gm/dl, Group B: 3.69 ± 0.04 gm/dl, p = 0.028). Group B had a higher incidence of hypertension (71.25% vs. 51.25%, p st and 3rd postoperative days were higher in Group B (p th day. Postoperative AKI occurred in 18.75% of Group A and 36.25% of Group B. Multivariate regression indicated that low preoperative serum albumin is an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI (p = 0.012, OR = 1.815, CI: 0.675 - 1.162). Conclusion: Preoperative serum albumin level is a valuable predictor of postoperative renal function. Ensuring high normal serum albumin levels before surgery can help minimize the risk of postoperative AKI.

关键词： Serum Albumin Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Bangladesh

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Weighted ebyev-Ostrowski type inequalities

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2007年第7期28卷 901-906页

作者： Arif Rafiq nazir ahmad Mir Farooq ahmad Mathematics Department COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics Bahanddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

In account of the famous Cebysev inequality, a rich theory has appeared in the literature. We establish some new weighted Cebysev type integral inequalities. Our proofs are of independent interest and provide new esti... 详细信息

关键词： Cebysev type inequalities L∞ (a b) spaces absolutely continuous functions weight functions

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A system dynamics model for billion trees tsunami afforestation project of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan:Model application to afforestation activities

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2640-2653页

作者： Naila nazir Aqsa FAROOQ Sajjad ahmad JAN Aftab ahmad Department of Economics University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000Pakistan Department of Economics Edwardes CollegePeshawar Saddar 25000Pakistan Global Change Impact Study Center Ministry of Climate Change10-Mauve AreaG-8/1IslamabadPakistan

As part of the global effort to plant billion trees,an afforestation project is launched in Pakistan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP)province to conserve existing forests and to increase area under forest *** present study is designed to build a Systems'model by incorporating major activities of the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project(BTTAP)with special focus on afforestation activities to estimate the growth in forest area of *** of complete dataset was a *** fix the model,the raw data taken from the project office has been *** Commission Form 1-Phase I&II helped us with additional *** relied on the data available for one and half period of the project as rest of the data is subject to the completion of the *** results show that the project target to enhance area under forest differs from the target to afforest area under the *** system dynamics'model projection shows that the forest area of KP would be 23.59 million hectares at the end of the BTTA project,thus having an increase of 3.29%instead of 2%that has been initially ***,the results show that the progress to meet the target in some afforestation classes is slow as compared to other *** forestry,plantation on communal lands and owners'plantation need special focus of the *** would affect 0.02 million hectares area of the *** model under study may be used as a reference model that can be replicated to other areas where billion tree campaigns are going on.

关键词： Billion trees project Afforestation System dynamic model Forest area Deforestation Pakistan

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Natural Propulsion with Lorentz Force and Nanoparticles in a Bioinspired Lopsided Ciliated Channel

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第1期14卷 172-181页

作者： Noreen Sher Akbar Liaqat Ali Khan zafar Hayat Khan nazir Ahmed Mir DBS&H CEME National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Basic Science Department Ripha International University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Malakand Chakdara Dir (Lower) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

The transportation of biological and industrial nanofluids by natural propulsion like cilia movement and self-generated contraction-relaxation of flexible walls has tremendous applications in various fields. Inspired by multidisciplinary invention in this direction, a fuid mechanical model is proposed to study the Magneto-hydrodynamics （MHD） and heat transfer for nanofluids fabricated by the dispersion of nanoparticles in water as base fluid. The steady flow is induced by metachronal wave propulsion due to beating cilia. The flow regime is asymmetric channel. The flow is restricted under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. Cilia boundary conditions for velocity components are employed to find the exact solutions. The impacts of pertinent physical parameters on temperature profile, velocity profile, pressure, and stream lines are computed numerically. It is observed that velocity is inversely proportional to magnetic Reynolds number, Reynolds number, Strommer＇s number and velocity is directly proportional to flow rate. It is analyzed that temperature is inversely proportional to Strommer＇s number and magnetic Reynolds number and directly proportional to Brinkmann number and flow rate. The temperature is maximum at the center of the channel and it starts decreasing towards the boundary walls.

关键词： copper water nanoparticles induced magnetic field asymmetric ciliated channel

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Computer Oriented Numerical Scheme for Solving Engineering Problems

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第8期42卷 689-701页

作者： Mudassir Shams Naila Rafiq Nasreen Kausar nazir ahmad Mir ahmad Alalyani Department of Mathematica and Statistics Riphah International UniversityI-14Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics NUMLIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Yildiz Technical UniversityFaculty of Arts and ScienceEsenler34210IstanbulTurkey Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Arts in ALmandaqAl-Baha UniversityAl-BahaSaudi Arabia

In this study,we construct a family of single root finding method of optimal order four and then generalize this family for estimating of all roots of non-linear equation *** analysis proves that the local order of convergence is four in case of single root finding iterative method and six for simultaneous determination of all roots of non-linear *** non-linear equations are taken from physics,chemistry and engineering to present the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed *** real world applications are taken from fluid mechanics,i.e.,fluid permeability in biogels and biomedical engineering which includes blood Rheology-Model which as an intermediate result give some nonlinear *** non-linear equations are then solved using newly developed simultaneous iterative *** developed simultaneous iterative schemes reach to exact values on initial guessed values within given tolerance,using very less number of function evaluations in each *** convergence order of single root finding method is computed using *** computational order of convergence,CPU-time,absolute residuals errors are calculated to elaborate the efficiency,robustness and authentication of the iterative simultaneous method in its domain.

关键词： Biomedical engineering convergence order iterative method CPU-time simultaneous method

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Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Some Di- and Triorganotin（IV） Carboxylates Derived from para-Nitrophenylethanoic Acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第7期29卷 1359-1365页

作者： Danish, Muhammad ahmad, nazir Ali, Saqib Muhammad, Niaz Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat-50700 Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Sargodha Srgoadha 40100 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan

Thermogravimetric （TG） investigations of organotin（IV） carboxylates with the general formula RmSnL4-m （where R=CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9, C6H5, cyclo-C6H11, n-C8H17, m=2, 3, and L=para-nitrophenylethanoate anion） have been performed. Derivative thermogravimetry （DTG） and differential thermal analysis （DTA） techniques, Horowitz-Metzger method and the fundamental thermodynamic relations are used to evaluate the thermokinetic pa- rameters of each thermal degradation pattern. Results reveal that the thermal stability is functional to Sn--C and Sn--O bonds. In the case of R2SnL2, activation energy, reaction order and pre-exponential factor associated with the bulk degradation processes increase as the alkane chain length increases. Hence, Oct2SnL2 is thermally more stable than Bu2SnL2, which in turn is more resistant to thermal dissociation than Et2SnL2. The same phenomenon is not observed for R3SnL compounds because their degradation is highly irregular. Furthermore, R2SnL2 has larger values of kinetic parameters than those of corresponding triorganotin（IV） para-nitrophenylethanotes. Thermodynamic parameters of these compounds also reinforce the above facts.

关键词： organotin(IV) caroxylate thermogravimetry decomposition kinetics activation energy thermodynamics

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Effect of Measurement Error on the Multivariate CUSUM Control Chart for Compositional Data

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1207-1257页

作者： Muhammad Imran Jinsheng Sun Fatima Sehar Zaidi Zameer Abbas Hafiz zafar nazir School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China School of Economics and Statistics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Department of Mathematics and Statistics East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062China Department of Statistics Government Ambala Muslim Graduate CollegeSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Statistics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan

Control charts(CCs)are one of the main tools in Statistical Process Control that have been widely adopted in manufacturing sectors as an effective strategy for malfunction detection throughout the previous *** errors(M.E’s)are involved in the quality characteristic of interest,which can effect the CC’s *** authors explored the impact of a linearmodel with additive covariate M.E on the multivariate cumulative sum(CUSUM)CC for a specific kind of data known as compositional data(CoDa).The average run length(ARL)is used to assess the performance of the proposed *** results indicate that M.E’s significantly affects themultivariate *** authors haveused theMarkov chainmethod to study the impact of different involved parameters using six different cases for the variance-covariance matrix(VCM)(i.e.,uncorrelated with equal variances,uncorrelated with unequal variances,positively correlated with equal variances,positively correlated with unequal variances,negatively correlatedwith equal variances and negatively correlated with unequal variances).The authors concluded that the error VCM has a negative impact on the performance of themultivariate CUSUM-CoDa CC,as the ARL increases with an increase in the value of the error *** subgroup size m and powering operator b positively impact the proposed CC,as the ARL decreases with an increase in m or *** number of variables p also has a negative impact on the performance of the proposed CC,as the values of ARL increase with an increase in *** the implementation of the proposal,two illustrated examples have been reported formultivariate CUSUM-CoDaCCs inthe presence ofM.E’*** themanufacturingprocessof uncoated aspirin tablets,and the other is based on monitoring the machines involved in the muesli manufacturing process.

关键词： MCUSUM chart CoDa measurement error manufacturing process performance

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Effects of helium massive gas injection level on disruption mitigation on EAST

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第7期23卷 31-38页

作者： Abdullah zafar Ping ZHU ahmad ALI Shiyong ZENG Haolong LI CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026Peopleʼs Republic of China International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074Peopleʼs Republic of China Department of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706United States of America Pakistan Tokamak Plasma Research Institute Islamabad 3329Pakistan Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People’s Republic of China

In this study,NIMROD simulations are performed to investigate the effects of massive helium gas injection level on the induced disruption on EAST *** is demonstrated in simulations that two different scenarios of plasma cooling(complete cooling and partial cooling)take place for different amounts of injected *** the impurity injection above a critical level,a single MHD activity is able to induce a complete core temperature *** impurity injection below the critical level,a series of multiple minor disruptions occur before the complete thermal quench.

关键词： massive gas injection MHD instabilities major disruption minor disruption

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Changes in Nutrient-Homeostasis and Reserves Metabolism During Rice Seed Priming:Consequences for Seedling Emergence and Growth

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第2期9卷 191-198页

作者： Muhammad Farooq Shahzad M A Basra Abdul Wahid nazir ahmad Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad Department of Crop Physiology University of AgricultureFaisalabad Department of Botany University of AgricultureFaisalabad

In this study influence of different seed priming treatments on the nutrient-homeostasis and reserve metabolism during seedling emergence and growth of rice were determined. Seed priming treatments included pre-germination, hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl and CaCl2, ascorbate priming and hardening. All treatments shortened the emergence time and enhanced the energy and index of seedling emergence. Seedlings from primed seeds had greater length, number of roots and fresh and dry mass than control. Among the treatments, CaCl2, ascorbate and KCl proved better in enhancing emergence and seedling growth. Seed priming changed the pattern of N and Ca^2＋ homeostasis both of the seeds and seedlings, which were associated to enhancing s-amylase activity and reducing sugars content. Positive correlations of seedling attributes with nutrient content suggested that as a result of seed priming, most of N and Ca^2＋ were partitioned to embryo, which enhanced seedling emergence and subsequent growth of rice seedlings.

关键词： rice α-amylase activity nutrient homeostasis seedling emergence seedling vigor

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