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This study has been supported by the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(D21025),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B6005-05),and the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC0312300).

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Petroleum 2021年第4期7卷 364-384页

作者： Bjørn Kvamme navid saeidi Hyzenenergy 26701 Quail CreekLaguna HillsCA92656USA Strategic Carbon LLC 20 Ladd St.Suite 200PortsmouthNH 03801USA State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityXindu Road No.8Chengdu610500China

The global amount of energy contained in natural gas hydrates is huge,maybe as much as twice all known conventional fossil fuel *** the worldwide distribution of conventional fossil fuels,hydrocarbons trapped in water as hydrate is also available in countries with limited conventional hydrocarbon *** development towards lower global emissions of greenhouse gases requires new strategies for the use of hydrocarbons,whether they are available as conventional resources,or in the form of natural gas *** this work we outline some possible strategies of utilizing hydrocarbon energy resources in a clean and environmentally friendly *** use of carbon dioxide for producing hydrates is not *** from several experimental studies are *** this work we shed more light on thermodynamic limitations and the need for additives in order to make the approach technically *** thermodynamic analysis we show that up to 20 mol per cent N2 is feasible in a CO2/N2 injection gas based on ability to form a new hydrate with free pore water and the released enthalpy needed to dissociate in situ CH4 *** is also needed in order to keep the injection gas front free of blocking hydrate *** alcohols like methanol and ethanol have surfactant *** is demonstrated that even 10 wt%ethanol in liquid pore water still makes it feasible to create a new hydrate from injection gas containing 20 mol per cent *** of other components than CH4 in the hydrate are also *** in practical cases with a well-defined source of CO2 it is also important to investigate impact of other components like for instance H2S on the stability of injection gas hydrate,as well as changes in enthalpy of hydrate *** key element of this work is the conversion of produced hydrocarbons over to hydrogen and carbon dioxide using steam *** technology for this is very old and in daily use.

关键词： Hydrate Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Kinetics

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Development of a New Ultrafine/Nano Ferrite-Carbide Microstructure by Thermomechanical Processing

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第2期28卷 249-253页

作者： Yousef Mazaheri Ahmad Kermanpur Abbas Najafizadeh navid saeidi Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology

The steel with the new microstructure, bimodal submicrometer equiaxed ferrite grains with uniformly dis- tributed nanosized cementite particles, was manufactured by a new approach utilizing simple cold-rolling and subsequent annealing of a dual phase ferrite-martensite starting structure. The mean ferrite grain size and carbide size range of the specimen after 80% cold-rolling and subsequent annealing at 600 ℃ for 20 min were 0.35 μm and 70-140 nm, respec- tively. A combination of bimodal ultrafine ferrite and nanoscale carbides used as a more effective method for achieving an excellent balance in strength-ductility. The strength of the steel with the new microstructure increased to about 880 MPa （nearly 60% higher than that of the as-received state, e.g., 540 MPa）, without significant loss of ductility.

关键词： Low-carbon steel Dilatometry Thermomechanical processing Grain refinement Mechanical properties

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Alcohols for hydrate inhibition-Different alcohols and different mechanisms

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Petroleum 2022年第1期8卷 1-16页

作者： Bjorn Kvamme Na Wei Jinzhou Zhao Shouwei Zhou Liehui Zhang Wantong Sun navid saeidi State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate Beijing10027China Hyzenenergy Laguna Hills92656USA Strategic Carbon LLC Portsmouth03801USA

Methanol has been used to prevent hydrate formation in industrial handling of hydrate forming mixtures containing water for many *** is also used for the same purpose in countries that have easy access to low price ethanol,like for instance *** to these small alcohols is that they also have surfactant properties that will promote hydrate formation,but when added to water in sufficient amounts,the hydrate prevention characteristics will *** alcohols will primarily prevent heterogeneous hydrate formation on the interface between water and a separate hydrate *** effect of“alcohol”on both of these routes to hydrate formation are investigated and compared to experimental *** particular we also investigate the effects of these small alcohols on Gibbs free energy for the hydrate formed on the new,shifted,stability *** free energy is generally higher than hydrate formed from pure *** of hydrate formation are also higher for hydrate formed from water containing *** are negative numbers,so in absolute values released formation enthalpy is *** presence of these alcohols in water will also prevent homogeneous hydrate formation from dissolved hydrate formers in *** have more important roles in other routes to hydrate *** hydrate nucleation towards mineral surfaces is feasible in different *** hydrate formers like H2S and CO_(2)can adsorb directly on rust,and as discussed here,are able to form hydrate from adsorbed state on rust ***-polar hydrocarbons like,for instance methane might get trapped in structured water and then nucleate to *** research on this is published and further research is in *** have very strong attraction to rust and corresponding chemical potentials for adsorbed glycols on rust are favourable enough to facilitate phase transition from glycols dissolved in water over to *** of glycol in gas

关键词： Hydrate Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Alcohols Nucleation

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Routes to hydrate formation from water dissolved in gas and impact of mineral surfaces

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Petroleum 2021年第4期7卷 385-401页

作者： Bjørn Kvamme Na Wei Jinzhou Zhao Shouwei Zhou Liehui Zhang Wantong Sun navid saeidi State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityXindu Road No.8Chengdu610500China State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate Sun Palace South Street No.6Beijing10027China Hyzenenergy 26701 Quail CreekLaguna HillsCA92656USA Strategic Carbon LLC 20 Ladd St.Suite 200PortsmouthNH03801USA

Mineral surfaces adsorb water to extreme densities and corresponding low chemical *** results in a dual effect in terms of *** and slightly polar components adsorb directly on mineral surfaces and generate efficient conditions for hydrate *** due to the extremely low chemical potential of adsorbed water the hydrate nuclei formed towards mineral surfaces have to either detach from the vicinity of mineral surfaces,or be bridged by structured water in a dynamic attachment of hydrate cores some few nm outside mineral *** transport of gas(CH4,gas mixtures,CO2)the conventional water dew-point analysis will typically result in a substantially higher acceptable water concentration as compared to the concentration for adsorption of water from gas to rust *** formation of hydrate from water dissolved in gas is thermodynamically feasible,as discussed in open *** this work we demonstrate that it is also feasible in terms of mass transport.A new theory for enthalpy of hydrate dissociation has been extended to also direct hydrate formation from water dissolved in *** remaining question is whether direct hydrate formation from gas is also feasible in terms of transporting the hydrate formation heat away through a heat insulating *** propose further research strategies to enlighten this *** of glycols to critical points in processing of gas or transport is already in use by companies like for instance *** is,however,a need for more work on how efficient it is and if it can also be used for multiphase transport of hydrocarbons with significant water *** research activities are in progress and briefly outlined here.

关键词： Hydrate Thermodynamics Risk Inhibitors

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