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A Transition from Wood Fuel to LPG and Its Impact on Energy Conservation and Health in the Central Himalayas, India

Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第5期10卷 898-912页

作者： sunil nautiyal Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources CEENR) Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the transition from wood fuel to Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG） from energy use and health perspectives along an altitudinal gradient （viz., lower altitude; middle altitude; and higher altitude） of the Central Himalayas. Empirical field study and questionnaire based survey was conducted for obtaining the data. A total of 2o households from each altitude were selected for obtaining reliable information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed. Of the 2o households, five households each based on the family size i.e., small families （〈4 members）, medium （5-8 members） and large （〉9 members） from all the altitudinal regions were selected. This was followed by an administration of a questionnaire on the quantity of fuelwood consumed. After the completion of the questionnaire survey, the data was validated using a weighted survey for the randomly selected households for obtaining precise information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed. Energy analysis is done with respect to the time spent on fuelwood collection and energy value of burning of per kg of fuelwood. Study indicates that declining biomass requirement from forests contributes significantly towards energy conservation, also has positive impact on human health. Per capita annual energy expenditure on collection of fuelwood is 752 MJ which is higher than any other activity in villages of Central Himalaya. The LPG substitution has contributed to energy saving which is equivalent to 2976-3,742 MJ per capita per year in middle and lower altitudes respectively. In the higher altitude the energy saving is calculated to be about 257 MJ per capita per year. Replacing fuelwood with LPG has made positive impact on society in terms of improving the health while reducing diseases that are caused due to indoor air pollution.

关键词： Himalaya Energy Conservation Fuelwood and LPG Transition Health Indoor AirPollution Social, Ecological and Environmentaldevelopment

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Macro to Micro Viewpoint of Climate Change - Linking Karnataka to Global Issue

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Natural Resources 2011年第1期2卷 22-27页

作者： sunil nautiyal 不详

A numerous studies have been done on climate change at regional, national and global levels. Several climate models have predicted the global scenarios for climate in different parts of the world. However, the significance and practical implementation of such models at local level yet to be validated. This is because those national or global models do not consider micro variables such as such as environmental resources for example ‘land availability, local climatic conditions, socioeconomic factors such as ‘labour and capital’, policy aspects such as ‘subsidies, nature conservation strategies’ and competition for labor and capital in relation of ‘national economy’. India, with a huge diversity in land, topography, climate and socioeconomic conditions, divided into 15 agro-ecological zones. Further, to help develop location specific research and development strategies at the micro level, a total of 127 sub-zones (agro-climatic sub regions) have been identified in India. Therefore, research on climate change and its impact only at the regional or national level may not be a sound approach to provide solutions for adaptation to climate change at micro level. Thus the micro-level research needs to be undertaken that might help us understand climate change impacts on the landscape i.e. biodiversity, health, natural resource management, land use and land cover development, adaptation and the development of socio-ecological systems. The concepts presented in this article should provide the basis for a discussion on decision-making issues among multidisciplinary experts with regard to climate change and sustainable development within complex environments.

关键词： Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Local Level Case Studies Agro-Climatic Zones India

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From Thaer and Thünen until Today: Past and Future of Agricultural Landscape Use in Germany

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Natural Resources 2010年第2期1卷 57-68页

作者： Harald Kaechele sunil nautiyal 不详

This article intends to present the historical development of German agriculture sector in last two centuries and underlined the benefit of the advancement in agriculture sector to fulfil the growing food demand. At the same time the article discussed the ecological and socio-economic perspectives of rapid technological development of agriculture sector in Germany. This article would facilitate the debate on technological development in agriculture sector, which rapidly growing throughout the world, in view point of sustainable socio-ecological development.

关键词： Agricultural Landscape Energy Efficiency Sustainable Agriculture Technological Development Climate Change

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Conservation and Management of Forest Resources in India: Ancient and Current Perspectives

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Natural Resources 2015年第4期6卷 256-272页

作者： M. S. Umesh Babu sunil nautiyal Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources Institute for Social and Economic Change Bangalore India

This paper brings out the issues related to natural resource exists, management and erosion right from the ancient to modern era. The natural resource such as forests and forest products were found as a basic source of survival for living organisms during the initial period. Later, the natural resources started degrading slowly and steadily due to increased human activities. In the beginning, natural resources were the primary assets for the growth of agriculture, industry, urbanization etc. Subsequently, increased anthropogenic activities started degrading the forest cover on a large scale through extending the agricultural land scape and other developmental activities in the country. The importance of traditional knowledge regarding resource conservation, protection of sacred grooves, endangered species etc. started declining in modern India. Innovativeness and policy framework for resource conservation and utilization became unfriendly in addition to gradual decline of community management. The key findings of the study point to major gaps existing such as between line departments and institutions in the promotion and management of forests, human welfare, agriculture, animal husbandry etc. Moreover, people tend to be more inclined towards the utilization of natural resources rather than conservation. From an observational and practical point of view, the natural resource has been declining rapidly in India. Therefore, this study strongly suggests that a due attention be directed towards developing people-friendly and environment friendly conservation strategies.

关键词： Theory Practice Natural Resources Approaches Management

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Nutritional status of children in rural India: a case study from Tamil Nadu, first in the world to initiate the Mid-Day Meal scheme

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Health 2011年第10期3卷 647-655页

作者： Palanisamy Navaneethan Thiagarajan Kalaivani Chandrasekaran Rajasekaran nautiyal sunil 不详

In India, during the mid-nineties the Union Government had initiated the Mid-Day Meal schemes in schools to promote primary education on one hand, and to reduce malnutrition on the other. However, Tamil Nadu had launched this program several decades before;during the regime of Mr. Kumarasami Kamraj (1954-1963). An empirical study was undertaken in the rural areas of Tamil Nadu, in the south of India, to understand the nutritional status of the children between 11 and 18 years old. This group is vulnerable, as during this age, individuals undergo physical and mental changes. We calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI) of school children to assess their nutritional status. A total of 806 school children took part in this study and the majority of them were found to be underweight in the study region. Irrespective of their age group and sex, as per the WHO’s international standards, 83% of the students were underweight (BMIBMI 18.5 - 24.9), and of the rest, 0.39% and 0.06% were in the BMI range of 25 - 29.9 (overweight) and 30 - 35.9 (obese), respectively. Based on available data, a regression analysis was carried out. This regression model showed that students’ age, sex and father’s occupation significantly affects their BMI. Further analysis showed that BMI was independent of the students’ blood group. It was concluded that malnutrition among school children can be eliminated by providing additional healthy foods and by improving the Socio Economic Background (SEB) of the region.

关键词： BMI (Body Mass Index) Underweight Regression Analysis Fathers’ Occupation SEB (Socio Economic Background)

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Metformin reduces testosterone level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its therapy by traditional medicine

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Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第4期5卷 19-26页

作者： Gorika Tomar Mitushi Singh Isha Sharma Anuj nautiyal Saurabh Aggarwal Subhash Chandra Havagiray R.Chitme Cassio Rocha Medeiros Micheline de Azevedo Lima Lucia Raquel de Lima Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho Bhavna Kumar Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSGRR UniversityPatel NagarDehradun 248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Medicine Shri MahantIndiresh HospitalSGRR UniversityPatel NagarDehradun 248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSGRR UniversityPatel NagarDehradun 248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Amity Institute of PharmacyAmity UniversitySector-125Noida 201313 UPGwaliorIndia CECAPE College Av.Padre Cícero3917-São JoséJuazeiro do Norte 63024-015CEBrazil Department of Molecular Biology Federal University of Paraiba-UFPBJoao Pessoa 58051-900ParaibaBrazil Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri-URCACrato 63105-000CEBrazil Department of Pharmaceutics DIT UniversityDehradun 248009UttarakhandIndia

Background:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and ***,a commonly prescribed treatment for T2DM,is known for its effectiveness in improving glycemic *** studies suggest that metformin may also influence testosterone levels in male patients,a hormone crucial for male reproductive health,muscle mass maintenance,and overall quality of *** plants were traditionally used for influencing the testosterone level in the body which may be given as a therapy for the side–effects of metformin ***:To assess the impact of metformin treatment on testosterone levels in male patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic males,and to evaluate the potential implications of traditional medical treatments in managing the consequences of reduced testosterone ***:This study is a prospective observational investigation conducted among a total of 60 patients,divided into two groups:30 males taking metformin as a hyperglycaemic agent with T2DM and 30 males without any diabetic *** study was be carried out in different outpatient department of Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital,Patel Nagar,Dehradun to assess the level of testosterone in male patients with T2DM taking metformin and in non-Diabetic *** on these findings,potential traditional medicines methods for reducing testosterone levels were ***:It was demonstrated that male patients with T2DM undergoing metformin treatment exhibited significant reduction in testosterone serum levels compared to non-diabetic *** plants were examinedand,and clinical studies were conducted on *** was discovered that these plants have been effective in increasingtestosterone level,suggesting their potential use as therapy for ***:This study shows reduction in the testosterone levels,which may lead to low sex drives and induction of low testosterone induced erectile dy

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Testosterone Metformin Erectile dysfunction Hyperglycaemia

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Emerging therapies in gastrointestinal cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7440-7450页

作者： Jyoti nautiyal Arun K Rishi Adhip PN Majumdar Karmanos Cancer Institute Detroit MI 48201United States Karmanos Cancer Institute Veterans Affairs Medical Center Departments of Internal Medicineand Wayne State University Detroit MI 48201 United States

Members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, that include EGFR, ErbB-2/HER-2, ErbB-3/HER-3 and ErbB-4/ HER-4, are frequently implicated in experimental models of epithelial cell neoplasia as well as in human cancers. Therefore, interference with the activation of these growth factor receptors represents a promising strategy for de- velopment of novel and selective anticancer therapies. Indeed, a number of inhibitors that target either EGFR or HER-2, with the exception of a few that target both; have been developed for treatment of epithelial cancers. Since most solid tumors express different ErbB receptors and/or their ligands, identification of inhibitor(s), targeting multiple EGFR family members may provide a therapeutic benefit to a broader patient population. Here we describe the significance of an ErbB family of receptors in epithelial cancers, and summarize different available therapeutics targeting these receptors. It also emphasizes the need to develop pan-ErbB inhibitors and discusses EGF-Receptor Related Protein, a recently isolated negative regulator of EGFR as a potential pan-ErbB therapeutic for a wide vari- ety of epithelial cancers.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancers Carcinogenesis Targeted therapies Pan-ErbB family EGF-Receptor Related Protein

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Horizontal gas mixing in rectangular fluidized bed:A novel method for gas dispersion coefficients in various conditions and distributor designs

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第7期25卷 848-861页

作者： Asheesh nautiyal Chien-Song Chyang Pin-Wei Li Hsin-Yung Hou Department of Chemical Engineering Chung Yuan Christian UniversityTaoyuan 320TaiwanChina

In a rectangular fluidized bed combustor, the tracer gas is injected continuously into the bed from a point source at the center of the distributor plate. In this study, a general governing equation is formulated for tracer gas dispersion in the bed. An analytical solution is derived to estimate the dispersion coefficients, Dxand Dy, in a horizontal plane. The concentration profiles at different sampling heights with various gas velocities are ***, to estimate the dispersion coefficients, surface fitting of the obtained analytical solution to the experimental data is performed. The dispersion coefficients obtained from this model are compared with those of a conventional model. Additionally, the effect of walls, bed height and gas injection rate on the dispersion coefficients in a horizontal plane is investigated, and the effect of distributor design on the dispersion coefficients in a horizontal plane is investigated with different tracer positions. It is found that Dxand Dyare nearly equivalent at a lower tracer gas ratio of the injected gas to the total gas flow rate. It is also demonstrated that the effect of bed height on Dxis minor. This model is also able to estimate the dispersion coefficients in the case of a multihorizontal nozzle distributor.

关键词： Gas dispersion coefficient Horizontal mixing Wall effect Surface modeling

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Recent advances in assessment of soil erosion vulnerability in a watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第3期9卷 305-318页

作者： Shachi Pandey Parmanand Kumar Miodrag Zlatic Raman nautiyal Vijender Pal Panwar Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division Forest Research InstituteDehradunIndia Faculty of Forestry Belgrade UniversityBelgradeSerbia Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education India

Soil erosion is one of the most critical hazards adversely affecting both environment and *** of the annual soil erosion rate provides information on soil erosion risk zones indicating the areas with high,severe and low *** and prediction of soil erosion has a long history of more than seven *** becomes imperative to be familiar with the quantum of studies conducted and methods employed across the world to assess vulnerability of ecosystems to soil erosion to plan strategies for their *** are several methods based on various factors like land use,soil quality,topography *** to assess the susceptibility of a region to soil *** time the gap in understanding of such models and their use around the world has *** models for assessing soil erosion exist but there is a lack of knowledge on spatial distribution of the methods being *** papers related to assessment of soil erosion vulnerability published during the past three decades(1991—2019)were *** 160 studies were reviewed to understand advances in the methods used to assess soil erosion vulnerability worldwide,identification of the most popular methods and proportion of studies conducted in the fragile region of *** results show that 18 different methods have mainly been used to assess soil erosion risk in different *** methods include statistical,physical,process based and empirical *** use of few physical methods like ANSWERS and SHE has decreased with time while that of physical and process methods like RUSLE,SWAT,WEPP and PESERA has increased with *** review highlighted that various models being used worldwide are based on their suitability to the *** also brings to attention that few models like PESERA,EUROSEM and WEPP are mostly being used concentrated in a particular *** like PESERA and EPM are mostly used in European region and may be encouraged to estimate soil er

关键词： Soil erosion vulnerability RUSLE MCDM

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Integrated Analysis of the Trees and Associated UnderCanopy Species in a Subalpine Forest of Western Himalaya,Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 154-165页

作者： Vinod K.BISHT Chandra P.KUNIYAL Bhagwati P.nautiyal Pratti Prasad Herbal Research and Development Institute Department of Horticulture Aromatic and Medicinal Plants School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management Mizoram University High Altitude Plants Physiology Research Centre HNB Garhwal (Central) University

Subalpine forests are known as outstanding habitats due to co-existence of both temperate and alpine vegetation and are classic example of ecotonal zones. Limited but diverse physiognomy of trees inhabiting in subalpine forest results in variability within under-canopy habitat conditions. Studies were undertaken to assess population status, habitat preference and interferences to the trees and associated under-canopy herbs in a subalpine forest of western Himalaya. A total of lo woody and 23 under-canopy herbs were recorded in the selected subalpine forest area. At each stand, the number of tree species and under-canopy herbs ranged from 2 to 4 and 8 to lo respectively. Abies spectabilis, Acer caesium, Quercus floribunda, Q. semecarpifolia and Rhododendron arboreum were key tree species in this area. The density of main woody species was 280 to 119o individuals ha-1 at different stands. Herbaceous plants with rosette and clump growth habits were observed to have higher values for total basal cover and importance value index. Presence of some under- canopy herbs like; Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Malaxis muscifera, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Polygonatum cirrhifolium habitats also and Skimmia laureola showed that they are in the habitat specific specific. However, the presence of Frageria nubicola and Viola sp. was common in the selected stands. Felling of trees for timber, construction of temporary huts, fuel wood and lopping for fodder were main interferences for trees. On the other hand, trampling driven damage due to grazing, habitats degradation and overexploitation were observed key threats for under-canopy herbs. Integrated analysis including population studies, habitats preference and interferences to the trees and under-canopy herbs in this sensitive and important ecosystem will be useful for determining the conservation plans and ecosystem management.

关键词： Conservation Habitat preferences Interferences Management Population analysis

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