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Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4512-4533页

作者： Akwi W Asombang nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Department for HIV Elimination Fulton County GovernmentAtlantaGA 30303United States Department of Gastroenterology Royal Stoke University HospitalUniversity Hospitals of North Midlands NHS TrustStaffordshire ST4 6QGUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Teaching Hospital-Adult HospitalLusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching HospitalTropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group(TROPGAN)Lusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine The University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Hematology/Oncology Cancer Disease HospitalLusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine and Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this *** To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African *** We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan *** searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles *** effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both *** highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years ***-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of *** best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 *** Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable ris

关键词： Esophageal cancer in Africa Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Cancer in Africa Systematic review

Fluoroscopy:An essential diagnostic modality in the age of highresolution cross-sectional imaging

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World Journal of Radiology 2020年第10期12卷 213-230页

作者： nathaniel Erez Shalom Gary X Gong Martin Auster Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterBaltimoreMD 21224United States

The importance of fluoroscopy as an imaging modality has been minimized relative to other cross-sectional modalities,including high-resolution computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and *** examinations have decreased in clinical practice due to reduced appreciation of its usefulness,insufficient training of residents,fewer staff with adequate expertise,and poor reimbursements relative to other *** revisit and build upon the prior literature and history of this decreased *** then seek to prove continued value,through categorized examples and within multiple subspecialties,wherein fluoroscopy plays an integral part toward clinical diagnoses as well as optimizing patient *** is particularly true for motility and esophageal disorders,where structure and function with real-time evaluation is *** additionally show several post-operative cases where the synergy of fluoroscopy with CT and endoscopy is *** fluoroscopic radiologist also has the unique ability to vary patient positioning,as opposed to traditional CT or MRI,where orthogonal views are employed without positional or temporal *** turn attention to the modern era,with synergistic and novel cases demonstrating that fluoroscopy remains instrumental toward achieving a diagnosis alongside other *** cases stress the need to maintain expertise in fluoroscopy skill,and underline its continued importance in residency training *** conclude that fluoroscopy is a relatively inexpensive modality that is often under-appreciated in diagnostic *** suggest that competency in fluoroscopy is crucial for future generations of radiologists to both work with their peers,as well as to aid clinicians in the optimal treatment of patients.

关键词： Fluoroscopy Radiology Radiation Ionizing Abdomen Pelvis Barium

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泉中幻影

疯狂英语（初中天地） 2006年第1期 28-29页

作者： nathaniel Hawthome 洪馥芝

本文出自美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑之笔,描写了他年少时在林中偶遇一眼泉水的情景。泉中美丽的仙女让他难以忘怀。这里我们选了文章的前三段,写的就是霍桑看见泉中仙女的一幕。本文文字优美,小编实在舍不得进行过大的改动,... 详细信息

本文出自美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑之笔,描写了他年少时在林中偶遇一眼泉水的情景。泉中美丽的仙女让他难以忘怀。这里我们选了文章的前三段,写的就是霍桑看见泉中仙女的一幕。本文文字优美,小编实在舍不得进行过大的改动,所以大家可要细细品味哦！

关键词：水仙子

Engaging Freshman Undergraduate Students in Faculty Environmental Science Research: Testing the Local Surface Waters for Nitrate, Phosphate, and Ammonium Ions Using Two Affordable Methods as an Example

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2016年第3期6卷 143-149页

作者： Shadi Abu-Baker Christian Frazier nathaniel Frazier Shahrokh Ghaffari College of Arts and Sciences Ohio University Zanesville Zanesville OH USA

Clean water is a crucial factor that contributes to the health of eco-systems and their inhabitants. Testing local surface water is an exciting way to engage freshman undergraduates in research which shows them the importance of protecting their communities and environment. Two affordable methods: a Colorimeter and Ion-Selective Probe were used to analyze nitrate, phosphate and ammonia levels in local surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Muskingum River which runs through Southeastern Ohio (Muskingum County) and were collected at 2 mile increments. We believe that this set of experiments would be beneficial if implemented into a college freshman level chemistry lab, thereby, promoting self-awareness of water safety, eco-system safety and community involvement. In addition, the students will learn how our environment is effected by our actions when we neglect to properly monitor the type of pollutants we allow into our water ways.

关键词： Nitrate South Eastern Ohio Affordable Muskingum Phosphate Ammonia Environmental Monitoring River Water Toxicity Vernier Electrode PASCO Colorimeter

Spatial and temporal variability of soil freeze-thaw cycling across Southern Alberta, Canada

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 392-405页

作者： Andrew J. Phillips nathaniel K. Newlands 不详

Soil freeze-thaw cycles play an important role in all aspects of agro-ecosystems, such as crop productivity, the evolution of the soil matrix, including trace-gas emissions. In regions that experience synoptic weather conditions throughout the winter, freeze-thaw cycles generally occur in one of two categories;seasonal or winter cycles. Current soil vegetation atmosphere models (SVAT’s) often include a heat-transport soil freeze-thaw algorithm, but lack detail on complex interactions between the main driving variables. Boundary conditions for these models are often based only on a few climate variables and typically lack regional context. A nested statistical analysis was applied to identify the optimal set of environmental variables (via a stepwise regression selection procedure) to track soil freeze-thaw dynamics. Historical data collected between the years 2006-2009, for 17 long-term climate stations distributed across southern Alberta Canada was utilized. Cross-correlation between wind speed and maximum air temperature identified Chinook-driven freeze-thaw events, with such interaction varying significantly across the region and by soil depth. Climate-soil interactions were most significant predictors of soil temperature during winter months. The seasonal freeze-thaw cycle is estimated to vary between 112 - 131 days, consisting of 12 - 20 winter cycles (1 cm depth), and 1-5 winter cycles (5 cm depth) with average lag time of 26 - 112 days. Freeze-thaw prediction was greatly improved when higher-order climate interaction terms were considered. Our findings highlight the importance for soil-water and more complex ecosystem, SVAT models to better resolve regional-driven climatic trends. Alongside improved representation of regional trends aimed at reducing model-based uncertainty, such efforts are expected to, in tandem, help advance the geostatistical design, and implementation of agroenvironmental monitoring systems that combine in-situ and satellite/remote-sensi

关键词： Freeze-Thaw Soil Temperature Agro-Ecosystem Modeling Regional Climate Soil Science

Gut Bacteria and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Children at an Internally Displaced Persons’ Camp in Benue State, Nigeria: A Pilot Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第6期11卷 118-134页

作者： Iveren Winifred Nyinoh Shiyima nathaniel Azera Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga Department of Biological Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the gut bacteria and nutritional status of children (n = 30) aged 2 - 11 in Benue’s largest internally displaced persons (IDP) camp since information on this is lacking. Gut bacteria were identified using culture techniques, while Body Mass Index (Kg/m2), Weight-for-Height (WHZ), and Weight-for-Age (WAZ) z scores were computed from anthropometric measurements. Socio-demographic and economic variables were collected via structured questionnaires. IBM SPSS v25 was used to analyze the data, with p Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli compared to children from a nearby private school (n = 10), except for E. coli, where the prevalence was equal. The results for BMI revealed that 23 (57.5%) of the children had a healthy weight while 17 (42.5%) were *** z-scores were between (-0.02 - 2.51) with evidence of mildly underweight (20%) and mildly overweight (5%) children. WHZ z-scores were between -0.03 - 2.37, with moderately wasted (30%) and severely wasted (5%) found. To ensure better health outcomes for residents, conditions in the camp must be improved.

关键词： Nutritional Status Gut Bacteria Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Body Mass Index (BMI) Weight-for-Height (WHZ) Weight-for-Age (WAZ)

Screening Helicobacter pylori genes induced during infection of mouse stomachs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4323-4334页

作者： Aparna Singh nathaniel Hodgson Ming Yan Jungsoo Joo Lei Gu Hong Sang Emmalena Gregory-Bryson William G Wood Yisheng Ni Kimberly Smith Sharon H Jackson William G Coleman Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States Laboratory of Host Defenses National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States

AIM:To investigate the effect of in vivo environment on gene expression in Helicobacter pylori(***) as it relates to its survival in the ***:In vivo expression technology(IVET) systems are used to identify microbial virulence *** modified the IVET-transcriptional fusion vector,pIVET8,which uses antibiotic resistance as the basis for selection of candidate genes in host tissues to develop two unique IVET-promoter-screening vectors,pIVET11 and *** novel IVET systems were developed by the fusion of random Sau3A DNA fragments of *** and a tandem-reporter system of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and ***,each vector contains a kanamycin resistance *** used a mouse macrophage cell line,RAW 264.7 and mice,as selective media to identify specific genes that *** expresses in *** expression studies were conducted by infecting RAW 264.7 cells with *** was followed by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to determine the relative expression levels of in vivo induced ***:In this study,we have identified 31 in vivo induced(ivi) genes in the initial *** 31 genes belong to several functional gene families,including several well-known virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium in infected mouse *** factors,vacA and cagA,were found in this screen and are known to play important roles in *** infection,colonization and *** detection validates the efficacy of these screening *** of the identified ivi genes have already been implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of *** and other bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Vibrio *** profiles of allivi genes were confirmed by real time PCR analysis of *** RNA isolated from *** infected RAW 264.7 *** compared the expression profile of *** and RAW 264.7 coculture with that of *** *** ge

关键词： Helicobacter pylori In vivo expression technology Virulence genes Mice Infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coinfection with Malaria in Selected States in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 442-455页

作者： Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina Olufemi Samuel Amoo Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Adewale Kayode Ojogbede Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe David Ayoola Oladele Adesola Zaidat Musa Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele Celestina Onyinye Okoyenta Abideen Olurotimi Salako Toyosi Yekeen Raheem Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Fehintola Anthonia Ige Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Gregory Aigbe Ohihoin Kikelomo Wright Bisola Adebayo Hussein Abdu-Razzaq Abdulrahman Ahmad Mustapha Imam Bashir Bello Tambuwal Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir Richard Ikwuogu Christian Tetsola Gloria Patrick-Ferife nathaniel Enamuotor Mildred Okowa William Nwachukwu Cornelius Ohonsi Magdalene Egede Chinwe Ochu Ehimario Igumbor Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Public Health and Epidemiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University College of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Research Unit Lagos State Ministry of Health Lagos Nigeria Sokoto State Ministry of Health Sokoto Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Delta State Ministry of Health Asaba Nigeria Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Abuja Nigeria Center for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Malaria Coinfection

Chemical and Functional Properties of Full Fat and Defatted White Melon （Cucumeropsis mannii） Seed Flours

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2012年第12期2卷 691-696页

作者： Eunice Moriyike Ogunbusola Tayo nathaniel Fagbemi Oluwatooyin Faramade Osundahunsi Department of Food Technology Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

Cucumeropsis mannii, an underutilized oil seed was processed into raw full fat and defatted seed flours and its chemical, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were determined using standard techniques. The effects of sample concentration and pH on the foaming properties of the seed flours were determined. The results showed that the full fat and defatted seed flours contained the following in g/100 g sample; 5.0 and 5.1; 45.8 and 1.0; 39.4 and 78.7; 3.45 and 4.40; 1.50 and 3.05; 4.85 and 7.75 for moisture, crude fat, protein, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate, respectively. The most abundant mineral elements in the seed flour （mg/100 g） are potassium （198.5）, followed by nickel （30.0） and magnesium （28.4）. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability, least gelation concentration, emulsion capacity and bulk density are 55.5% and 125.0%; 128.8% and 184.0%; 10.5% and 17.0%; 3.0% and 1.5%; 16.0% and 10.0 g/mL; 85.0 and 115.0 mL/g; 0.42 and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. Defatting influenced the functional properties. The foaming capacity is dependent on sample concentration and pH. The protein solubility of the full fat and defatted seed flours was minimum between pH 3 and 4 and maximum at pH 11. The anti-nutritional composition of the seed flour revealed the following： tannic acid, 1.54 mg/100 g; phytin phosphorus, 0.70 rag/g; phytic acid, 2.48 mg/g; oxalate, 1.85 mg/g; alkaloids 1.97% and saponin 0.50%. The seed flours （full fat and defatted） have potential as nutrient supplement, thickeners and emulsifiers in food system.

关键词： Cucumeropsis mannii full fat defatted chemical and functional properties.