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Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson Jon E.Shaff David J.Schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark Eric J.Craft Tyler W.Davis Pierre-Luc Pradier nathanael m.shaw Ithipong Assaranurak Susan R.mc Couch Craig Sturrock malcolm Bennett Leon V.Kochian USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information Systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of Science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

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The BRICS and Beyond： Insights into Human Development/Security from ＂Global Governance＂？

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2014年第3期7卷 381-394页

作者： Timothy m. shaw mcCormack Graduate School University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey BoulevardBoston MA 02125-3393 USA

The decade of the BRICS is leading to the reanalysis of global relations, encouraged by the simultaneous rise of emerging markets and decline of the eurozone PIIGS. But is the trajectory towards global reorder and/or disorder？ Development like capitalisms and regionalisms is increasingly diverse： heterogeneous transnational networks best approached through a global studies frame？ Together these factors impact the balance between developmental and fragile states in African as elsewhere. And there are debates about what is emerging： companies？ econo- mies？ states？ and/or societies？ meanwhile, the ＂global＂ increasingly includes informal and illegal economies, especially TOC, including transnational Chinese mafias. Transnational governance continues to widen its scope to include airline and container alliances as well as a trio of commissions on drugs.

关键词： BRICS Development Global governance Regionalisms. Transnational

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低升糖指数饮食对肥胖症、冠心病、糖尿病相关性研究进展(英文)

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社区医学杂志 2010年第17期8卷 34-36页

作者：陈海燕 Janet m.shaw 美国盐湖城犹他大学健康学院运动生理系

随着肥胖症、冠心病、糖尿病患者数量的飙升,社会负担的增加,欧美国家不得不对自己的饮食习惯进行调整。继而提出的升糖指数(Glycemic Index),25年来被无数营养学家和食品公司所强调和追捧。本综述通过对葡萄糖在体内的代谢机制以及能... 详细信息

随着肥胖症、冠心病、糖尿病患者数量的飙升,社会负担的增加,欧美国家不得不对自己的饮食习惯进行调整。继而提出的升糖指数(Glycemic Index),25年来被无数营养学家和食品公司所强调和追捧。本综述通过对葡萄糖在体内的代谢机制以及能量转化的分析,引用大量低升糖指数饮食对肥胖、冠心病、糖尿病患者长期影响的科学研究论文,证明低升糖指数饮食对肥胖症、冠心病、糖尿病控制的相关性不显著。

关键词：升糖指数/血糖生成指数营养代谢常量营养葡萄糖胰岛素

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Serological Targeted Analysis of an ITIH4 Peptide Isoform: A Preterm Birth Biomarker and Its Associated SNP Implications

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第9期42卷 507-510页

作者： Zhou Tan Zhongkai Hu Emily Y.Cai Cantas Alev Ting Yang Zhen Li Joyce Sung Yasser Yehia El-Sayed Gary m.shaw David K.Stevenson Atul J.Butte Guojun Sheng Karl G.Sylvester Harvey J.Cohen Xuefeng B.Ling Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology Hangzhou Normal University Department of Surgery Stanford University Lab for Early Embryogenesis RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stanford University Department of Pediatrics Stanford University Stanford

Over 11% of all pregnancies in the US result in preterm birth, greatly contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality （Goldenberg and Rouse, 1998）. Preterm birth etiologies remain largely unknown, and effective prevention methods have yet to be developed. The use of biofluid （e.g., serum or urine） for the analysis of the naturally occurring peptidome （mW 〈 4000） as a source of biomarkers has been reported for different diseases （Villanueva et al., 2006; Ling et al., 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011）. mass spectrometry-based profiling of naturally occurring peptides can provide an extensive in- ventory of serum peptides derived from either high-abundant endogenous circulating proteins or cell and tissue proteins （Liotta and Petricoin, 2006）.

关键词： Serological Targeted Analysis of an ITIH4 Peptide Isoform A Preterm Birth Biomarker and Its Associated SNP Implications SNP

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Eastern gray squirrels are consistent shoppers of seed traits:insights from discrete choice experiments

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 280-296页

作者： mekala SUNDARAm nathanael I.LICHTI Nicole J.Olynk WIDmAR Robert K.SWIHART Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Seeds of many hardwood trees are dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents,and this process is often mediated by the traits of *** numerous studies have linked seed traits to seed preference by rodents,little is known about how rodents forage for seeds when multiple desirable and undesirable seed traits are available ***,we adopt a novel method of designing choice experiments to study how eastern gray squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)select for 6 traits(caloric value,protein content,tannin concentration,kernel mass,dormancy period and toughness of shell)among *** n=426 seed-pair presentations,we found that squirrels preferentially consumed seeds with short dormancy or tougher shells,and preferentially cached seeds with larger kernel mass,tougher shells and higher tannin *** incorporating random effects,we found that squirrels exhibited consistent preferences for seed traits,which is likely due to the fitness consequences associated with maintaining cached ***,we found that squirrels were willing to trade between multiple traits when caching seeds,which likely results in more seed species being cached in the ***,our approach allowed us to compute the relative values of different seed traits to squirrels,despite covariance among studied traits across seed *** addition,by investigating how squirrels trade among different seed traits,important insights can be gleaned into behavioral mechanisms underlying seed caching(and,thus,seed survival)dynamics as well as evolutionary strategies adopted by plants to attract seed *** describe how discrete choice experiments can be used to study resource selection in other ecological systems.

关键词： cached resources discrete choice experiment resource selection trade-offs trait-dependent

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低剂量CT对肾结石的评估:从2011—2012年至2015—2016年尚无进展

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国际医学放射学杂志 2018年第2期 228-229页

作者： K.Weisenthal P.Karthik m.shaw D.Sengupta m.Bhargavan-Chatfeld J.Burleson 孔庆倩 Department of Emergency medicine Yale School of Medicine

摘要目的为确定与2011—2012年相比,2015—2016年使用低剂量CT对肾结石的评估是否增加,根据该适应证的设备确定辐射暴露的变异性,并且通过查询国家剂量注册

关键词：肾结石低剂量 CT

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Qualitative analysis of online discussion boards for male urinary incontinence after prostate treatment

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UroPrecision 2024年第3期2卷 101-107页

作者： Adrian Fernandez Behzad Abbasi Architha Sudhakar Christine Shieh Lindsay A.Hampson Jason L.Lui Umar Ghaffar Hiren Patel Nathan m.shaw Benjamin N.Breyer Department of Urology University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Virginia Commonwealth University School of medicine RichmondVirginiaUSA Department of Surgery San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Department of Urology MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Department of Plastic Surgery MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA

Introduction:Though urinary incontinence(UI)after prostate treatment often contributes to emotional distress and significantly impacts quality of life,many patients do not discuss this condition with their *** analyzed the patient perspective by examining online support group posts to gain insight into specific challenges associated with different UI management methods. methods:We examined discussion board threads from multiple patient-focused forums on experiences of UI due to prostate treatment(threads from January 2016 to January 2022).Principles of grounded theory in thematic analysis were used to analyze the threads. Results:Three hundred and eighteen posts from 84 unique users were *** users,47(56%)reported UI following radical prostatectomy(RP),5(6%)secondary to radiation therapy(RT),12(14%)after a combination of RP and RT,and 20(24%)were *** management methods included pads/diapers/liners,condom catheters/external clamps,Kegels/pelvic floor physiotherapy,and surgical treatment(artificial urinary sphincter or sling placement).We identified challenges common to all management methods:"requires trial and error,""physical discomfort,"and"difficult to be in public."Factors influencing management choices included the ability to"feel normal"and the development of a management routine. Conclusion:The current study identifies opportunities for improved expectation-setting and education regarding post-procedural UI and its *** findings can serve as a guide for providers to counsel patients on the advantages and disadvantages of UI management devices.

关键词： artificial urinary sphincter condom catheter prostatectomy prostate cancer urethral sling urinary incontinence

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Revealing the residual stress distribution in laser welded Eurofer97 steel by neutron diffraction and Bragg edge imaging

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2022年第19期114卷 249-260页

作者： Bin Zhu nathanael Leung Winfried Kockelmann Saurabh Kabra Andrew JLondon michael Gorley mark JWhiting Yiqiang Wang Tan Sui School of mechanical Engineering Sciences University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUnited Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council(STFC)Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS FacilityHarwell OX110QXUnited Kingdom United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Culham Centre for Fusion EnergyCulham Science CentreAbingdonOxon OX143DBUnited Kingdom

Eurofer97 steel is a primary structural material for applications in fusion reactors. Laser welding is a promising technique to join Eurofer97 plasma-facing components and overcome remote handling and maintenance challenges. The interaction of the induced residual stress and the heterogeneous microstructure degrades the mechanical performance of such fusion components. The present study investigates the distribution of residual stress in as-welded and post-heat treated Eurofer97 joints. The mechanistic connections between microstructure, material properties, and residual stress are also studied. Neutron diffraction is used to study the through-thickness residual stress distribution in three directions,and neutron Bragg edge imaging(NBEI) is applied to study the residual strain in high spatial *** microstructures and micro-hardness are characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and nanoindentation, respectively. The m-shaped residual stress distribution through the thickness of the as-welded weldment is observed by neutron diffraction line scans over a region of 1.41 × 10 mm^(2). These profiles are cross-validated over a larger area(∼56 × 40 mm^(2)) with the higher spatial resolution by NBEI. The micro-hardness value in the fusion zone of the as-welded sample almost doubles from 2.75 ± 0.09 GPa to 5.06 ± 0.29 GPa due to a combination of residual stress and cooling-induced martensite. Conventional post weld heat treatment(PWHT) is shown to release ∼90% of the residual stress but not fully restore the microstructure. By comparing its hardness with that of stress-free samples, it is found that the microstructure is the primary contribution to the hardening. This study provides insight into the prediction of structural integrity for critical structural components of fusion reactors.

关键词： Laser-welded Eurofer97 steel Residual stress Neutron diffraction Neutron Bragg edge imaging Nanoindentation EBSD

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Qualitative analysis of online discussion boards for male urinary incontinence after prostate treatment

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Uroprecision 2024年第3期 101-107页

作者： Adrian Fernandez Behzad Abbasi Architha Sudhakar Christine Shieh Lindsay A.Hampson Jason L.Lui Umar Ghaffar Hiren Patel Nathan m.shaw Benjamin N.Breyer Department of Urology University of California San Francisco Virginia Commonwealth University School of medicine Department of Surgery San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Urology Med Star Georgetown University Hospital Department of Plastic Surgery Med Star Georgetown University Hospital Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of California San Francisco

Introduction:Though urinary incontinence(UI) after prostate treatment often contributes to emotional distress and significantly impacts quality of life,many patients do not discuss this condition with their *** analyzed the patient perspective by examining online support group posts to gain insight into specific challenges associated with different UI management ***:We examined discussion board threads from multiple patient-focused forums on experiences of UI due to prostate treatment(threads from January2016 to January 2022).Principles of grounded theory in thematic analysis were used to analyze the ***:Three hundred and eighteen posts from 84 unique users were *** users,47(56%) reported UI following radical prostatectomy(RP),5(6%) secondary to radiation therapy(RT),12(14%) after a combination of RP and RT,and 20(24%) were *** management methods included pads/diapers/liners,condom catheters/external clamps,Kegels/pelvic floor physiotherapy,and surgical treatment(artificial urinary sphincter or sling placement).We identified challenges common to all management methods: "requires trial and error," "physical discomfort," and "difficult to be in public." Factors influencing management choices included the ability to "feel normal" and the development of a management ***:The current study identifies opportunities for improved expectation-setting and education regarding post-procedural UI and its *** findings can serve as a guide for providers to counsel patients on the advantages and disadvantages of UI management devices.

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Analysis on variety and characteristics of maghemite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第8期53卷 1153-1162页

作者： shaw John BLOEmENDAL Jan HESSE Paul ROLPH Tim Department of Earth Sciences University of Liverpool Department of Geography University of Liverpool Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie University Department of Geology University of Newcastle

maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) is a very common mineral at the earth’s surface and also an important material for making music and video tapes. maghemite is usually synthesized from magnetite under oxidizing conditions after a few hours or a few days below a temperature of 300°C. The magnetic property of thermal instability and the chemical action after heating is an important character for maghemite. That is, it will become hematite in certain proportion after being heated above 250°C. maghemite is therefore actually unable to have its Curie temperature measured. But late using synthetic sample, maghemite was further found partially thermal stable with a measurable Curie temperature ~645°C. During our thermally magnetic experiments for a set of synthetic magnetite, we found that extra fined grain size (pseudo single domain (PSD) and small multi-domain (mD), mainly 1-10 μm) magnetite was formed to a completely thermally stable maghemite. This maghemite can also be produced by heating the same powder up to 700°C in an oven and keeping this temperature for 10 min, then cooling it down. When the generated maghemite by these two ways is heated from room temperature to 700°C, it shows almost fully reversible, or thermally stable. We used X-ray powder diffraction and mssbauer spectroscopy to confirm the identity of this maghemite and compared its magnetic hysteresis, high temperature magnetization, low temperature thermal demagnetization, and low temperature susceptibility with those of the original preheated magnetite. Such quickly oxidized maghemite by heating to high temperature implies some types of maghemite formed in certain natural condition can carry a thermal remnant magnetization (TRm). Four types of maghemite were characterized and discussed according to their thermal stability. Among them, partially stable and fully thermally stable maghemite after heating should possess capability of carrying TRm. There is possibly a compensation of synthetizing maghemite between heatin

关键词： maghemite paleomagnetism environmental magnetism magnetic mineral thermal stability TRm

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