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A tabletop X-ray tomography instrument for nanometer-scale imaging: reconstructions

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第2期9卷 249-259页

作者： Zachary H.Levine Bradley K.Alpert Amber L Dagel Joseph W.Fowler Edward S.Jimenez nathan nakamura Daniel S.Swetz Paul Szypyt Kyle R.Thompson Joel N.Ulom National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD 20899USA National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO 80305USA Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87123USA Department of Physics University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA

We show three-dimensional reconstructions of a region of an integrated circuit from a 130 nm copper *** reconstructions employ x-ray computed tomography,measured with a new and innovative high-magnification x-ray *** instrument uses a focused electron beam to generate x-rays in a 100 nm spot and energy-resolving x-ray detectors that minimize backgrounds and hold promise for the identification of materials within the *** x-ray generation target,a layer of platinum,is fabricated on the circuit wafer itself.A region of interest is imaged from a limited range of angles and without physically removing the region from the larger *** reconstruction is consistent with the circuit's design file.

关键词： process removing platinum

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Soil seed banks along elevational gradients in tropical, subtropical and subalpine forests in Yunnan Province, southwest China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第5期39卷 273-286页

作者： Xiaqin Luo Min Cao Min Zhang Xiaoyang Song Jieqiong Li Akihiro nakamura Roger Kitching Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuanghanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences666303 YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049BeijingChina Griffith School of Environment and Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith UniversityNathan QLD 4111BrisbaneAustralia

Soil seed banks are a vital part of ecosystems and influence community dynamics and *** soil seed banks in different habitats have been reported, how soil seed banks vary with elevational gradients in different climatic zones is still unknown. This paper investigates seed density,species composition and nonconstituent species of forest soil seed banks in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Similarity between the soil seed bank and standing vegetation was also examined. We collected soil samples from sites spanning 12 elevations in tropical rain forests, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests and subalpine coniferous forests, and transported them to a glasshouse for germination trials for species identification. The soil seed banks of tropical and subtropical forests had much higher seed densities and species richness than those of subalpine forests. Seeds of woody species dominated the soil seed banks of tropical and subtropical forests, while herbs dominated those of subalpine *** nonconstituent species in the soil seed banks were all herbs and were most abundant in tropical forests, followed by subtropical forests but were completely absent from subalpine forests.

关键词： Elevational gradient Soil seed bank Standing vegetation Subalpine forest Subtropical forest Tropical forest

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Environmental and spatial contributions to seedling and adult tree assembly across tropical,subtropical and subalpine elevational gradients

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 103-112页

作者： Xiaoyang Song Min Cao Roger L.Kitching Yong Tang Zhenhua Sun Akihiro nakamura Melinda J.Laidlaw Jie Yang Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Griffith School of Environment and Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith UniversityNathanBrisbane QLD 4111Australia Department of Science Information Technology and InnovationQueensland HerbariumToowongQueensland 4066Australia

Aims Quantifying the relative importance of the mechanisms that drive community assembly in forests is a crucial issue in community *** present study aims to understand the ways in which niche-based and spatially based processes influence community assembly in areas in different climatic conditions and how these processes change during the transition from seedling to *** In this study,we investigated how taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in seedling and adult stages of forest trees change across three elevational transects in tropical,subtropical and subalpine for-ests in Southwest China,and the relationships of these changes to the environment and inter-site *** quantified the relative contribution of environmental conditions and spatial distribution to taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of both seedling and adult life stages along each elevational *** also quantified the taxonomic and phylogenetic similarity between seedlings and adult trees along *** Findings Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of both seedlings and adult trees increased with an increase in both environmental distance and spatial distance in all three *** both taxonomic and phylo-genetic levels,the effects of environmental filtering and spatial dispos-ition varied between life stages and among forest *** similarity between seedlings and adult trees increased with elevation,although the taxonomic similarity did not show clear elevational *** results suggest that the relative contribution of niche-based and space-based processes to taxonomic and phylogenetic assem-blages varies across major plant life stages and among forest *** findings also highlight the importance of ontogenetic stages for fully understanding community assembly of long-lived tree species.

关键词： beta diversity dispersal limitation environmental filtering phylogeny

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Different environmental factors drive tree species diversity along elevation gradients in three climatic zones in Yunnan,southern China

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Plant Diversity 2021年第6期43卷 433-443页

作者： Xiaoyang Song Min Cao Jieqiong Li Roger L.Kitching Akihiro nakamura Melinda J.Laidlaw Yong Tang Zhenhua Sun Wenfu Zhang Jie Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences666303YunnanChina Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China School of Environmental&Natural Sciences Griffith UniversityNathan QLD4111BrisbaneAustralia Department of Environment and Science Queensland HerbariumToowongAustralia

Elevational patterns of tree diversity are well studied ***,few studies have examined how seedlings respond to elevational gradients and whether their responses vary across climatic *** this study,we established three elevational transects in tropical,subtropical and subalpine mountain forests in Yunnan Province,southern China,to examine the responses of tree species and their seedlings to elevational *** each transect,we calculated species diversity indices and composition of both adult trees and seedlings at different *** both adult trees and seedlings,we found that species diversity decreased with increasing elevation in both tropical and subalpine *** composition showed significant elevational separation within all three *** species had specific elevational preferences,but abundant tree species that occurred at specific elevations tended to have very limited recruitment in the *** results highlight that the major factors that determine elevational distributions of tree species vary across climatic ***,we found that the contribution of air temperature to tree species composition increased from tropical to subalpine transects,whereas the contribution of soil moisture decreased across these transects.

关键词： Air temperature Climate zones Montane forest Soil moisture Seedling Tree species distribution

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