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Evaluating the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates on college campuses to wastewater surveillance

Infectious disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 1144-1158页

作者： Tony E.Wong George M.Thurston nathaniel Barlow nathan d.cahill Lucia Carichino Kara Maki david Ross Jennifer Schneider School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA School of Physics and Astronomy Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA Applied Critical Thinking&Collaboratory for Resiliency&Recovery Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA department of Civil Engineering Technology Environmental Management&SafetyRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY14623USA

As college campuses reopened in fall 2020,we saw a large-scale experiment unfold on the efficacy of various strategies to contain the SARS-CoV-2 *** individual surveillance testing via nasal swabs and/or saliva is among the measures that colleges are pursuing to reduce the spread of the virus on ***,some colleges are testing wastewater on their campuses for signs of infection,which can provide an early warning signal for campuses to locate COVId-positive ***,a representation of wastewater surveillance has not yet been incorporated into epidemiological models for college campuses,nor has the efficacy of wastewater screening been evaluated relative to traditional individual surveillance testing,within the structure of these ***,we implement a new model component for wastewater surveillance within an established epidemiological model for college *** use a hypothetical residential university to evaluate the efficacy of wastewater surveillance for maintaining low infection *** find that wastewater sampling with a 1-day lag to initiate individual screening tests,plus completing the subsequent tests within a 4-day period can keep overall infections within 5%of the infection rates seen with traditional individual surveillance *** results also indicate that wastewater surveillance can effectively reduce the number of false positive cases by identifying subpopulations for surveillance testing where infectious individuals are more likely to be *** a Monte Carlo risk analysis,we find that surveillance testing that relies solely on wastewater sampling can be fragile against scenarios with high viral reproductive numbers and high rates of infection of campus community members by outside *** results point to the practical importance of additional surveillance measures to limit the spread of the virus on campus and the necessity of a proactive response to the initial signs of outbreak.

关键词： Compartment model Sensitivity analysis Risk analysis COVId-19 Pandemic Wastewater

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Commentary on“The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in the early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 373-375页

作者： nathan d.Schilaty nathaniel A.Bates department of Neurosurgery&Brain Repair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA department of Medical Engineering University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA department of Orthopaedics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

*** For decades,substantial disagreement has persisted as to whether dynamic knee valgus is the cause of the majority of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries or rather the result of the ACL rupture.1 Consequently,great effort and expense has gone into capturing 3-dimensional kinetics and kinematics from live athletes to drive in vitro and in silico models of ACL injury in order to elucidate the actual mechanism of injury,as these factors have been demonstrated to be surrogates of intraarticular structural loading on the ACL.2,3 The elucidation of injury mechanisms for non-contact ACL injuries is of great medical value as such knowledge consequently permits quantified examination and validation of interventions and their respective effectiveness in both prevention and rehabilitation of these traumatic knee injuries.

关键词： injuries knee prevention

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1450-1467页

作者： Yuxin Qin Nenad Naumovski Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera nathan M.d'Cunha School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia discipline of Nutrition and dietetics School of Rehabilitation and Exercise SciencesFaculty of HealthUniversity of CanberraBruceACT2601Australia Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory University of CanberraNgunnawal CountryACT2617Australia department of Nutrition and dietetics School of Health Science and EducationHarokopio University17671AthensGreece

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas ) thrives in a wide range of climates and is high in fibre, vitamins and minerals. There is increasing evidence that sweet potato consumption can positively affect human health. This systematic review aimed to summarise nutritional-related health outcomes of sweet potato intake among healthy people and people with chronic diseases by reviewing human intervention trials. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria, which examined the effects of sweet potato on vitamin A intakes and status (n = 8), glycemic markers and anthropometric parameters (n = 6), hepatic biomarkers (n = 3) and blood pressure (n = 1), iron absorption (n = 1), constipation (n = 1), nitrogen balance (n = 1), and sex hormones (n = 1). In the included studies, sweet potato consumption appears to improve vitamin A status, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, iron absorption, constipation, liver function and nitrogen balance. However, the evidence base is limited and future research in long-term, well-designed, randomised controlled trials are needed to establish cause-and-effect relationships with these health effects of sweet potato consumption. The functional properties of the bioactive compounds in sweet potatoes require further investigation to establish their ability to manage chronic disease when consumed in high amounts.

关键词： Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Vitamin A Blood glucose Blood pressure Systematic review

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Grain boundary effects in high-temperature liquid-metal dealloying: a multi-phase field study

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1039-1049页

作者： nathan Bieberdorf Mark Asta Laurent Capolungo department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Science and Technology division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA

A multi-phase field model is employed to study the microstructural evolution of an alloy undergoing liquid dealloying,specifically considering the role of grain boundaries.A semi-implicit time-stepping algorithm using spectral methods is implemented,which enables simulating large 2d and 3d domains over long time scales while still maintaining a realistic interfacial *** reveal a mechanism of coupled grain–boundary migration to maintain equilibrium contact angles with the topologically complex solid–liquid interface,which locally accelerates diffusion-coupled growth of a liquid channel into the *** mechanism asymmetrically disrupts the ligament connectivity of the dealloyed structure in qualitative agreement with published experimental *** grain boundary migration-assisted corrosion channels form even for precursors with small amounts of the dissolving alloy species,below the parting *** activation of this grain boundary dealloying mechanism depends strongly on grain boundary mobility.

关键词： alloying grain alloy

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Heterogeneous molecular catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2093-2125页

作者： nathan Corbin Joy Zeng Kindle Williams Karthish Manthiram department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

This review provides an overview of the literature regarding heterogeneous molecular catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR).Fundamental aspects of the science,including aggregation,electrochemical rate laws,and electrode-catalyst electronic coupling,are discussed to provide a solid foundation on which to design experiments and interpret *** aspects of ECR are presented based on electrokinetic and spectroscopic measurements as well as density functional theory (dFT) *** is improving for electrokinetic measurements,but the redox state of the metal center under reaction conditions and dFT reaction pathways lack agreement in the *** the tunable aspects of the molecular catalyst,the impacts of the metal center,ligand substituents,and electrode support on the activity and selectivity toward ECR are presented with an emphasis on those studies that controlled for aggregation and minimized mass-transport *** three-dimensional (3d) structures such as polymers,metal-organic frameworks (MOFs),and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are discussed as highly tunable architectures that begin to mimic the catalytic pockets of enzyme active *** achieve the full potential of these catalysts,design principles must emerge based on a combination of deconvoluting measurements to extract intrinsic catalyst properties and more reliable theoretical calculations to predict reaction pathways.

关键词： CO2 reduction electrocatalysis porphyrins phthalocyanines molecular complexes heterogeneous catalysis

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Time discrete Approximation of Weak Solutions to Stochastic Equations of Geophysical Fluid dynamics and Applications(dedicated to Haim Brézis on the occasion of his 70th birthday)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 425-472页

作者： nathan GLATT-HOLTZ Roger TEMAM Chuntian WANG department of mathematics tulane universityLA 70118USA department of mathematics and the institute for scientific computing and applied mathematics indiana universityBloomingtonIN 47405USA department of mathematics university of los angelesCA 90059USA

As a first step towards the numerical analysis of the stochastic primitive equations of the atmosphere and the oceans, the time discretization of these equations by an implicit Euler scheme is studied. From the deterministic point of view, the 3d primitive equations are studied in their full form on a general domain and with physically realistic boundary conditions. From the probabilistic viewpoint, this paper deals with a wide class of nonlinear, state dependent, white noise forcings which may be interpreted in either the Itor the Stratonovich sense. The proof of convergence of the Euler scheme,which is carried out within an abstract framework, covers the equations for the oceans, the atmosphere, the coupled oceanic-atmospheric system as well as other related geophysical equations. The authors obtain the existence of solutions which are weak in both the PdE and probabilistic sense, a result which is new by itself to the best of our knowledge.

关键词： Nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations, Geophysical fluid dy-namics, Primitive equations, discrete time approximation, Martingalesolutions~ Numerical analysis of stochastic PdEs

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Aboveground resilience to species loss but belowground resistance to nitrogen addition in a montane plant community

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 351-363页

作者： Quentin d.Read Jeremiah A.Henning Aimée T.Classen nathan J.Sanders department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory PO Box 615Crested ButteCO 81224USA Center for Macroecology Evolutionand ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDenmark Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

Aims decades of empirical work have demonstrated how dominant plant species and nitrogen fertilization can influence the structure and function of plant *** recent studies have examined the interplay between these factors,but few such studies use an explicit trait-based *** this study,we use an explicit trait-based approach to identify potential mechanisms for community-level responses and to test ecological niche *** We experimentally manipulated plant communities(control,−dom-inant species,−random biomass)and nitrogen(N)inputs(control,+organic N,+inorganic N)in a fully factorial *** predicted that traits related to plants’ability to take up different forms of soil N would differ between dominant and subordinate species,resulting in interactive effects of dominant species loss and N fertilization on plant community structure and *** study took place in a montane meadow in the Rocky Mountains,Colorado,*** Findings After four years,the plant community in removal plots converged toward a species composition whose leaf and root functional traits resembled those of the previously removed dominant *** productivity generally increased with N addition:soil carbon efflux was~50%greater when either form of N was added,while inorganic N addition increased aboveground biomass pro-duction by~60%relative to *** increase in production was mediated by increased average height,leaf mass:area ratio and leaf dry matter content in plant communities to which we added inorganic *** to our predictions,there were no interactive effects of N fertilization and dominant species loss on plant com-munity structure or ecosystem *** plant community com-position in this study exhibited resistance to soil N addition and,given the functional convergence we observed,was resilient to spe-cies ***,our results indicate that the ability of species to compensate functionally for species loss confers

关键词： dominant species fertilization functional trait removal experiment resilience

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Photon-counting computed tomography thermometry via material decomposition and machine learning

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2023年第1期6卷 14-19页

作者： nathan Wang Mengzhou Li Petteri Haverinen department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Aalto design Factory Aalto UniversityEspoo 02150Finland

Thermal ablation procedures,such as high intensity focused ultrasound and radiofrequency ablation,are often used to eliminate tumors by minimally invasively heating a focal *** this task,real-time 3d temperature visualization is key to target the diseased tissues while minimizing damage to the *** computed tomography(CT)thermometry is based on energy-integrated CT,tissue-specific experimental data,and linear relationships between attenuation and *** this paper,we develop a novel approach using photon-counting CT for material decomposition and a neural network to predict temperature based on thermal characteristics of base materials and spectral tomographic measurements of a volume of *** our feasibility study,distilled water,50 mmol/L CaCl2,and 600 mmol/L CaCl2 are chosen as the base *** attenuations are measured in four discrete energy bins at various *** neural network trained on the experimental data achieves a mean absolute error of 3.97°C and 1.80°C on 300 mmol/L CaCl2 and a milk-based protein shake *** experimental results indicate that our approach is promising for handling non-linear thermal properties for materials that are similar or dis-similar to our base materials.

关键词： Photon-counting computed tomography Material decomposition Computed tomography thermometry Artificial intelligence deep learning Neural network Thermotherapy Radiotherapy

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ACC/AHA Guidelines for Cardiovascular disease Prevention and Cholesterol Management:Implications of New Therapeutic Agents^a

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2016年第B09期1卷 399-408页

作者： nathan d.Wong Professor and director Heart Disease Prevention ProgramDivision of CardiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineIrvine CA 92697USA

In 2014 the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association issued four new guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention that focused on cardiovascular risk assessment,lifestyle management,obesity management,and blood cholesterol *** development of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator formed the basis of the risk assessment guideline,and the lifestyle management guideline focused on recommending an evidence-based dietary *** blood cholesterol management guideline specifi cally identifi ed four groups of patients shown to benefi t from moderate-intensity or high-intensity statin therapy from previous clinical trials and abandoned the use of specifi c low-density lipoprotein(LdL)cholesterol(LdL-C)goal levels on the basis of the lack of clinical trial *** recommendations for treatment with moderate-intensity or high-intensity statin therapy are based on rigorous evidence from randomized clinical *** has since been provided for the use of nonstatin therapies,including cholesterol absorption inhibitor and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibody therapy when adequate reduction of LdL-C levels is not achieved with maximally tolerated statin *** recent development and application of these therapies have resulted in remarkable reductions in LdL-C levels that are well tolerated,and preliminary outcome data are promising in showing substantial atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease event reductions beyond statin therapy.

关键词： cholesterol statins risk assessment prevention cardiovascular disease

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Effect of power-law nonlinearity on PT-symmetric optical system with fourth-order diffraction

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第5期72卷 32-40页

作者： nathan N Tchepemen Camus G L Tiofack Alidou Mohamadou Pure Physics Laboratory Group of Nonlinear Physics and Complex SystemsDepartment of PhysicsFaculty of scienceUniversity of DoualaPO Box 24157DoualaCameroon Condensed Matter Laboratory Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of MarouaPO Box 814MarouaCameroon Centre d'Excellence Africain des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication(CETIC) University of Yaounde ICameroon The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics PO Box 538Strada costiera 11I-34014TriesteItaly

Gaussian-type soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation with fourth order dispersion,and power law nonlinearity in the novel parity-time(TP)-symmetric quartic Gaussian potential are derived analytically and *** exact analytical expressions of the solutions are obtained in the first two-dimensional(1d and 2d)power law NLS *** means of the linear stability analysis,the effect of power law nonlinearity on the stability of Gauss type solitons in different nonlinear media is carried *** investigations do confirm the stability of our soliton solutions in both focusing and defocusing cases,specially around the propagation parameters.

关键词： TP-symmetric quartic Gaussian potential fourth-order diffraction powerlaw nonlinearity stability Gaussian soliton

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