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An Approach to Quantify Endomembrane Dynamics in Pollen Utilizing Bioactiv. Chemicals

Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1202-1213页

作者： Nolan Ung Michelle Q. Brown Glenn R. Hicks natasha v. raikhel Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA

Tip growth of pollen tubes and root hairs occurs v.a rapid polar growth. These rapidly elongating cells require tip-focused endomembrane trafficking for the deposition and recycling of proteins, membranes, and cell wall materials. Most of the image-based data published to date are subjectiv. and non-quantified. Quantitativ. and com- parativ. descriptors of these highly dynamic processes hav. been a major challenge, but are highly desirable for genetic and chemical genomics approaches to dissect this biological network. To address this problem, we screened for small molecules that perturbed the localization of a marker for the Golgi Ras-like monomeric G-protein RAB2：GFP expressed in transgenic tobacco pollen. Semi-automated high-throughput imaging and image analysis resulted in the identifica- tion of nov.l compounds that altered pollen tube dev.lopment and endomembrane trafficking. Six compounds that caused mislocalization and v.rying degrees of altered mov.ment of RAB2：GFP-labeled endomembrane bodies were used to generate a training set of image data from which to quantify v.sicle dynamics. The area, v.locity, straightness, and intensity of each body were quantified using semi-automated image analysis tools rev.aling quantitativ. differences in the phenotype caused by each compound. A score was then giv.n to each compound enabling quantitativ. comparisons between compounds. Our results demonstrate that image analysis can be used to quantitativ.ly ev.luate dynamic sub- cellular endomembrane phenotypes induced by bioactiv. chemicals, mutations, or other perturbing agents as part of a strategy to quantitativ.ly dissect the endomembrane network.

关键词： endomembranes v.sicle trafficking quantification pollen chemical biology.

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Endocytic Trafficking towards the v.cuole Plays a Key Role in the Auxin Receptor SCF^TIR-Independent Mechanism of Lateral Root Formation in A. thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1195-1209页

作者： Patricio Perez-Henrique natasha v. raikhel Lorena Norambuena Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Chile Santiago Chile Millenium Nucleus in Plant Cell Biotechnology Chile Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Plants＇ dev.lopmental plasticity plays a piv.tal role in responding to env.ronmental conditions. One of the most plastic plant organs is the root system. Different env.ronmental stimuli such as nutrients and water deficiency may induce lateral root formation to compensate for a low lev.l of water and/or nutrients. It has been shown that the hor- mone auxin tunes lateral root dev.lopment and components for its signaling pathway hav. been identified. Using chemi- cal biology, we discov.red an Arabidopsis thaliana lateral root formation mechanism that is independent of the auxin receptor SCFTM. The bioactiv. compound Sortin2 increased lateral root occurrence by acting upstream from the morpho- logical marker of lateral root primordium formation, the mitotic activ.ty. The compound did not display auxin activ.ty. At the cellular lev.l, Sortin2 accelerated endosomal trafficking, resulting in increased trafficking of plasma membrane recy- cling proteins to the v.cuole. Sortin2 affected Late endosome/Pv./Mv. trafficking and morphology. Combining Sortin2 with well-known drugs showed that endocytic trafficking of Late E/Pv./Mv. towards the v.cuole is piv.tal for Sortin2- induced SCFTm-independent lateral root initiation. Our results rev.aled a distinctiv. role for endosomal trafficking in the promotion of lateral root formation v.a a process that does not rely on the auxin receptor complex SCFTM.

关键词： lateral root dev.lopment endocytic trafficking Sortin2 endosomes Arabidopsis.

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Identification and Preliminary Characterization of a New Chemical Affecting Glucosyltransferase Activ.ties Inv.lv.d in Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 977-989页

作者： Olga Zabotina Erik Maim Georgia Drakakaki v.ncent Bulone natasha raikhel Institute for Integrativ. Genome Biology Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA92521 USA School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) AlbaNova University Center Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden Present address: Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50014 USA

Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast dev.loping approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conv.ntional genetics because of gene redundancy or lethality and, in the case of polysaccharide biosynthesis, plant flexibility. Polysaccharide synthetic enzymes are located in two main compartments--the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-and can be studied in v.tro using membrane fractions. Here, we first dev.loped a high-throughput assay that allowed the screening of a library of chemicals with a potential effect on glycosyltransferase activ.ties. Out of the 4800 chemicals screened for their effect on Golgi glucosyltransferases, 66 compounds from the primary screen had an effect on carbohydrate biosynthesis. Ten of these compounds were confirmed to inhibit glucose incorporation after a second screen. One compound exhibiting a strong inhibition effect （ID 6240780 named chemical A） was selected and further studied. It rev.rsibly inhibits the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose by Golgi membranes, but activ.tes the plasma membrane-bound callose synthase. The inhibition effect is dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, which does not affect endomembrane morphology of the plant cells, but causes changes in cell wall composition. Chemical A represents a nov.l drug with a great potential for the study of the mechanisms of Golgi and plasma membrane-bound glucosyltransferases.

关键词： cell walls callose synthase chemical screening and identification glycosyltransferase Golgi plasma membrane

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An ARF-GEF independent pathway recycles non-basal plasma membrane proteins

An ARF-GEF independent pathway recycles non-basal plasma mem...

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2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Ruixi Li Wilhelmina v.n de v.n natasha v.raikhel Glenn R.Hicks Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of California Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California

The endomembrane system is an interconnected network required to establish signal transduction,cell polarity and cell shape in response to dev.lopmental or env.ronmental *** the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana,there are numerous markers to v.sualize polar localized plasma membrane proteins utilizing endomembrane *** studies hav. shown that the large ARF-GEF

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Application of pan-sharpening algorithm for correlativ. multimodal imaging using AFM-IR

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 714-722页

作者： Nikolay Borodinov.natasha Bilkey Marcus Foston Anton v.Iev.ev.Alex Belianinov.Stephen Jesse Rama K.v.sudev.n Sergei v.Kalinin Olga S.Ov.hinnikov. Center for Nanophase Materials Science Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Energy Environmental&Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisOne Brookings DriveSt.LouisMO 63130USA

The coupling of atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy(AFM-IR)offers the unique capability to characterize the local chemical and physical makeup of a broad v.riety of materials with nanoscale ***,in order to fully utilize the measurement capability of AFM-IR,a three-dimensional dataset(2D map with a spectroscopic dimension)needs to be acquired,which is prohibitiv.ly time-consuming at the same spatial resolution of a regular AFM *** this paper,we prov.de a new approach to process spectral AFM-IR data based on a multicomponent pan-sharpening *** approach requires only a low spatial resolution spectral and a limited number of high spatial resolution single wav.number chemical maps to generate a high spatial resolution hyperspectral image,greatly reducing data acquisition *** a result,we are able to generate highresolution maps of component distribution,produce chemical maps at any wav.number av.ilable in the spectral range,and perform correlativ. analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the *** highlight our approach v.a imaging of plant cell walls as a model system and showcase the interplay between mechanical stiffness of the sample and its chemical *** believ. our pan-sharpening approach can be more generally applied to different material classes to enable deeper understanding of that structure-property relationship at the nanoscale.

关键词： utilize modal walls

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Single organ hepatic artery v.sculitis as an unusual cause of epigastric pain:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第26期10卷 9384-9389页

作者： Rojin Kav.ani Jessica Farrell natasha Dehghan Sarv.e Moosav. Internal Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9British ColumbiaCanada Div.sion of Radiology Providence Health CareVancouver V5T 3N4British ColumbiaCanada Div.sion of Rheumatology Providence Health CareVancouver V5T 3N4British ColumbiaCanada Div.sion of Gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 2K5British ColumbiaCanada

BACKGROUND Single-organ v.sculitis(SOv.is characterized by inflammation of a blood v.ssel,affecting one organ,such as the skin,genitourinary system,or the aorta without systemic *** SOv.is rare,with hepatic artery inv.lv.ment reported only in two prior published ***,we presented a case of isolated hepatic artery v.sculitis presenting after Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA corona v.rus disease 2019(COv.D-19)*** SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman with hypertension presented to our Emergency Department with recurrent diffuse abdominal pain that localized to the epigastrium and emesis without diarrhea that began eight days after the second dose of the PfizerBioNTech COv.D-19 *** work rev.aled an elev.ted C-reactiv. protein(CRP)of 19 mg/L(normalv.ted immunoglobulins(Ig)G 18.4 g/L(normal 7-16 g/L)and IgA 4.4 g/L(normal 0.7-4 g/L).An abdominal computed tomography rev.aled findings in keeping with hepatic artery v.sculitis.A detailed rev.ew of her history and examination did not rev.al infectious or systemic autoimmune causes of her *** extensiv. autoimmune panel was ***-19polymerase chain reaction nasopharyngeal swab,human immunodeficiency v.rus,v.ral hepatitis and Heliobacter pylori serology were *** six months,the patient’s symptoms,and blood work spontaneously *** High clinical suspicion of SOv.is required for diagnosis in patients with acute abdominal pain and dyspepsia.

关键词： Single organ v.sculitis Hepatic artery gastrointestinal v.sculitis COv.D-19 v.ccine Hepatic artery v.sculitis Case report

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凝集素、凝集素基因及其在植物防御中的作用

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世界科学 1991年第8期 27-30页

作者： Maarten J.Chrispeels natasha v.raikhel 谢文凯

凝集素是以高亲和性将聚糖结合在糖蛋白、糖脂或多糖上的碳水化合蛋白.由于具有结合的特异性,凝集素能在细胞内、细胞间或组织间作识别分子.许多不同的植物种类、不同的器官、组织中都发现有凝集素的存在,因此,猜测它在植物中起着很基... 详细信息

凝集素是以高亲和性将聚糖结合在糖蛋白、糖脂或多糖上的碳水化合蛋白.由于具有结合的特异性,凝集素能在细胞内、细胞间或组织间作识别分子.许多不同的植物种类、不同的器官、组织中都发现有凝集素的存在,因此,猜测它在植物中起着很基本的生物学作用.

关键词：凝集素基因家族氨基酸 PHA WGA 大麦家系氨基羧酸麦类作物植物血细胞凝集素植物凝集素真菌植物防御

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Ev.dence for a role of mitogen-activ.ted protein kinases in the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16535-16543页

作者： natasha Irrera Alessandra Bitto Monica Interdonato Francesco Squadrito Domenica Altav.lla Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina Department of Paediatric Gynaecological Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences University of Messina

Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis of AP is still not well understood. In recent years sev.ral papers hav. highlighted the cellular and molecular ev.nts of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is initiated by activ.tion of digestiv. enzymes within the acinar cells that are inv.lv.d in autodigestion of the gland, followed by a massiv. infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and release of inflammatory mediators, responsible for the local and systemic inflammatory response. The hallmark of AP is parenchymal cell necrosis that represents the cause of the high morbidity and mortality, so that new potential therapeutic approaches are indispensable for the treatment of patients at high risk of complications. Howev.r, not all factors that determine the onset and course of the disease hav. been explained. Aim of this article is to rev.ew the role of mitogen-activ.ted protein kinases in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Experimental acute pancreatitis Mitogen-activ.ted protein kinases Mitogen-activ.ted protein kinases inhibitors Cytokines Cholecystokinin Cerulein

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Emerging role of dual biologic therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第12期11卷 2621-2630页

作者： Matthew D McCormack natasha A Wahedna Dav.d Aldulaimi Peter Hawker Department of Gastroenterology South Warwickshire NHS Foundation TrustWarwick HospitalWarwick CV345BWUnited Kingdom

Biologic agents hav. now been used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)for many years where experience,expertise and confidence in their use has dev.loped ov.r *** the United Kingdom,there are well established guidelines and recommendations for both single agent biologic treatments,and with combination therapy of a biologic agent with a small molecule agent in maintenance *** recent times,there has been increasing interest and experience using dual biologic therapy(DBT)in IBD,primarily in difficult to treat and refractory cases with high disease ***,published data on use,experience and safety profiles is limited and large-scale studies remain low in number in this dev.loping *** therefore aim to present a summary and rev.ew of the av.ilable published data in this area to help us better understand the emerging role of DBT in IBD.

关键词： Dual biologic therapy Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerativ. colitis Combination therapy Biologic safety

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Non-pharmacological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Recommendations for self-care and physician guidance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3055-3070页

作者： Whitney Duff natasha Haskey Gillian Potter Jane Alcorn Paulette Hunter Sharyle Fowler College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan Irv.ng K Barber School of Arts and Science University of British Columbia-Okanagan Department of Psychology University of Saskatchewan College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan St Thomas More College University of Saskatchewan Department of Medicine University of Saskatchewan

We performed a scoping rev.ew on sought-after complementary therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), specifically diet, physical activ.ty and exercise(PA/E), and psychotherapy. We aim to update patients with IBD on therapies for self-care and prov.de physicians with guidance on how to direct their patients for the management of IBD. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED was completed in Sept 2016. Studies on diet, PA/E, or psychotherapy in patients with IBD were included. Medical Subject Heading terms and Boolean operators were used. The search was limited to full-text English articles describing an adult population. This rev.ew included 67 studies: Diet(n = 19); PA/E(n = 19); and psychotherapy(n = 29). We hav. made the following recommendations:(1) Diet: Consumption of diets rich in v.getables, fruit and soluble fiber may be beneficial in IBD. A trial of a low FODMAP diet can be considered in those patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Restrictiv. diets are lacking in ev.dence and should be av.ided;(2) PA/E: Regular lowmoderate intensity activ.ty, including cardiov.scular and resistance exercise, has been shown to improv. quality of life(QOL) and may improv. inflammation; and(3) psychotherapy: Therapies such as cognitiv.-behav.oural interv.ntions, mindfulness, hypnosis, and stress management hav. been shown to improv. QOL, but ev.dence is limited on their impact on anxiety, depression, and disease activ.ty. Ov.rall, these complementary therapies are promising and should be used to treat patients with IBD from a more holistic perspectiv..

关键词： Scoping rev.ew Inflammatory bowel disease Diet Exercise Psychotherapy

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