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extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCeLL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU ROBeRT J.KASPeR natalie J.S.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

extracellular vesicles(eVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that eVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACe2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with *** studies have found that ACe2 can be released with eVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACe2,neprilysin(NeP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review summarizes the recent research progress regarding eV-associated ACe2,NeP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.Pereira Martins natalie B.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan D.H.Barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

Critical Success Factors for Citizen Development

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 1121-1149页

作者： natalie Callinan Martin Perry MSD Zurich Switzerland Microsoft Dublin Ireland

The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of Citizen Development activities on digital transformation. The research identified eight categories that contribute to the success of Low-code No-code (LCNC) projects: 1) Strategy;2) Infrastructure;3) Technology;4) Processes & Procedures;5) Governance;6) Culture;7) People;8) Goals & Metrics and selected six critical success factors from these categories: 1) Operational efficiency;2) Time Savings;3) Timeframe to Realize Value;4) employee engagement;5) Participation;6) Number of Sponsored Ideas. end users of the digital transformation efforts through Citizen Development were asked to assess the six critical success measures in terms of performance and importance criteria. The research results identified that focus should be applied to improving “Timeframe to Realize Value”, on “Operational efficiency”, and on “Time Savings” to deliver success.

关键词： Citizen Development Low-Code No-Code Application Development Digital Transformation Timeframe to Realize Value employee engagement

Association between Mental Disorders and Subsequent Medical Conditions

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 217-217页

作者： natalie C Momen National Center for Register-based Research School of Business and Social Sciences at Aarhus Uni versity 8210 Aarhus V Denmark. Center for Integrated Register-based Research the Departments of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Public Health the Center for Integrative Sequencing and the Big Data Center for Environment and Health Aarhus University. Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine the Department of Neurology and the Research Unit Department of Psychosis Aarhus University Hospital and the Research Unit for General Practice Aarhus the Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital Psychiatric Center Copenhagen. Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston the Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix AZ the Department of Psychological Medicine Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Sievert Consulting Minneapolis and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences the Department of Clinical Medicine and the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen and the Institute of Biological Psychiatry Mental Health Center Sankt Hans Mental Health Services Capital Region Roskilde Denmark the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney. Departments of Psychology and Developmental Psychology Heymans Institute and the Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands. Department of General Practice Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC and the Queensland Brain Institute Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research the Park Centre for Mental Health and the School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland

Background:Persons with mental disorders are at a higher risk than the general population for the subsequent development of certain medical ***:We used a population-based cohort from Danish national registries that included data on more than 5.9 million persons born in Denmark from 1900 through 2015 and followed them from 2000 through 2016,for a total of 83.9 million person-years.

关键词： conditions milli population

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enhancing Cybersecurity through AI and ML: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第3期15卷 320-339页

作者： Maryam Roshanaei Mahir R. Khan natalie N. Sylvester Information Sciences and Technology Department Pennsylvania State University Abington USA

The landscape of cybersecurity is rapidly evolving due to the advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). This paper explores the crucial role of AI and ML in enhancing cybersecurity defenses against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, while also highlighting the new vulnerabilities introduced by these technologies. Through a comprehensive analysis that includes historical trends, technological evaluations, and predictive modeling, the dual-edged nature of AI and ML in cybersecurity is examined. Significant challenges such as data privacy, continuous training of AI models, manipulation risks, and ethical concerns are addressed. The paper emphasizes a balanced approach that leverages technological innovation alongside rigorous ethical standards and robust cybersecurity practices. This approach facilitates collaboration among various stakeholders to develop guidelines that ensure responsible and effective use of AI in cybersecurity, aiming to enhance system integrity and privacy without compromising security.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity Data Privacy and Security ethical Standards

Navigating AI Cybersecurity: evolving Landscape and Challenges

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第3期16卷 155-174页

作者： Maryam Roshanaei Mahir R. Khan natalie N. Sylvester IST Department Pennsylvania State University Abington Abington USA

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into critical sectors has revealed a complex landscape of cybersecurity challenges that are unique to these advanced technologies. AI systems, with their extensive data dependencies and algorithmic complexities, are susceptible to a broad spectrum of cyber threats that can undermine their functionality and compromise their integrity. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these threats, which include data poisoning, adversarial attacks, and systemic vulnerabilities that arise from the AI’s operational and infrastructural frameworks. This paper critically examines the effectiveness of existing defensive mechanisms, such as adversarial training and threat modeling, that aim to fortify AI systems against such vulnerabilities. In response to the limitations of current approaches, this paper explores a comprehensive framework for the design and implementation of robust AI systems. This framework emphasizes the development of dynamic, adaptive security measures that can evolve in response to new and emerging cyber threats, thereby enhancing the resilience of AI systems. Furthermore, the paper addresses the ethical dimensions of AI cybersecurity, highlighting the need for strategies that not only protect systems but also preserve user privacy and ensure fairness across all operations. In addition to current strategies and ethical concerns, this paper explores future directions in AI cybersecurity.

关键词： AI Cybersecurity Adversarial Attacks Defensive Strategies ethical AI

Particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah e.est-Witte Sydney R.Shannon Dennis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi Jawaun J.Harris Kaitlyn Storm edwin J.Yoo Ariel Isser Vivek P.Jani natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly Rhodes elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe T.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.Tzeng Jonathan P.Schneck Jordan J.Green Translational Tissue engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

Critical Success Factors for Citizen Development

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CO2 activation on bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles

Open Journal of Applied Sciences（应用科学） 2024年第4期 1121页

作者： natalie Callinan Martin Perry

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第5期26卷 487-492页

作者： natalie Austin Brandon Butina Giannis Mpourmpakis Department of Chemical engineering University of Pittsburgh

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the structural, electronic, and CO2adsorption properties of 55-atom bimetallic Cu Ni nanoparticles（NPs） in core-shell and decorated architectures,as well as of their monometallic counterparts. Our results revealed that with respect to the monometallic Cu55and Ni55parents, the formation of decorated Cu12Ni43and core-shell Cu42Ni13are energetically favorable. We found that CO2chemisorbs on monometallic Ni55, core-shell Cu13Ni42, and decorated Cu12Ni43and Cu43Ni12,whereas, it physisorbs on monometallic Cu55and core-shell Cu42Ni13. The presence of surface Ni on the NPs is key in strongly adsorbing and activating the CO2molecule（linear to bent transition and elongation of C=O bonds）. This activation occurs through a charge transfer from the NPs to the CO2molecule, where the local metal d-orbital density localization on surface Ni plays a pivotal role. This work identifies insightful structureproperty relationships for CO2activation and highlights the importance of keeping a balance between NP stability and CO2adsorption behavior in designing catalytic bimetallic NPs that activate CO2.

关键词： Density functional theory Alloys CO2adsorption Catalysis Stability