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The Role of the Matemal Archetype in the Work of Flannery O＇Connor

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2016年第11期6卷 700-710页

作者： natalie Ales Brigham Young University Provo USA

This paper explores the motivations behind the behaviors of characters in the work of renowned southern writer, Flannery O＇Connor, and displays that these characters behave the way that they do because of their relationships with their mothers. Herein the author investigates Attachment Theory, a theory regarding the human need to connect with caregivers and nurturers in childhood, and--through a psychological lens--how this principle influences the grown characters in O＇Connor＇s work. In an examination of the prevalent archetype of ＂The Great Mother＂ in her stories, namely ＂The Lame Shall Enter First＂, ＂The Enduring Chill＂, and ＂Parker＇s Back＂, we can see the effects of secure---or confident, warm and reliable--parent-child attachment as well as the effects of insecure---unstable and unreliable--attachment. These different attachment styles contribute to the lifelong development of different behaviors and even personalities in the characters of Norton, Asbury, and O.E. Parker. In the cases above mentioned, the relationship between characters and their maternal figures contribute not only to the plot of the story, but also to the fate of the characters--driving them to do things that are often extreme and climactically catalytic. It proves that parent-child relationships have lasting psychological effects, and, in the case of O＇Connor＇s work, spiritual ones as well. O＇Connor is well known for the religious morals of her works, and in this study it is ultimately evident that the relationships between characters and their maternal figures reflect and influence each character＇s relationship with and attitude towards Deity.

关键词： mother family maternal archetype attachment Flannery O'Connor psychology child development relationships

B7-H7 (HHLA2) inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1503-1511页

作者： Sadiye Amcaoglu Rieder Jingya Wang natalie White Ariful Qadri Catherine Menard Geoffrey Stephens Jodi LKarnell Christopher ERudd Roland Kolbeck Present address:Viela Bio GaithersburgMDUSA Universite de Montreal MontrealQCCanada MedImmune/AstraZeneca GaithersburgMDUSA Biopharmaceuticals Early RIAAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA Biopharmaceuticals Early RIAAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA View author publications

Modulation of T-cell responses has played a key role in treating cancers and autoimmune ***,understanding how different receptors on T cells impact functional outcomes is *** influence of B7-H7(HHLA2)and CD28H(TMIGD2)on T-cell activation remains *** we examined global transcriptomic changes in human T cells induced by *** through TCR with OKT3 and B7-H7 resulted in modest fold changes in the expression of select genes;however,these fold changes were significantly lower than those induced by OKT3 and B7-1 *** transcriptional changes induced by OKT3 and B7-H7 were insufficient to provide functional stimulation as measured by evaluating T-cell proliferation and cytokine ***,B7-H7 was coinhibitory when simultaneously combined with TCR and CD28 *** inhibitory activity was comparable to that observed with ***,in physiological assays using T cells and APCs,blockade of B7-H7 enhanced T-cell activation and proliferation,demonstrating that this ligand acts as a break *** work defines that the transcriptomic changes induced by B7-H7 are insufficient to support full costimulation with TCR signaling and,instead,B7-H7 inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling.

关键词： T cell inhibition Checkpoint pathway T cell transcriptomics

Abductive statistical methods improve the results of calibration curve bioassays:An example of determining zinc bioavailability in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 294-304页

作者： Gene M.Pesti Lynne Billard Shu-Biao Wu Robert A.Swick Thi Thanh Hoai Nguyen natalie Morgan The University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia The University of Georgia AthensGA30602USA

In this paper,we discuss the theory behind calibration curve experiments and their application to a zinc(Zn)bioavailability study with broiler *** replicates of 16 male commercial broiler chicks were fed starter diets for 14 *** diets had different levels of a potential Zn source and one was a positive control with standard industry levels of Zn for *** commonly used methods of calculating bioavailability means and confidence intervals(CI)from a calibration curve(standard curve)experiment to estimate the bioavailability of a new zinc source in broiler chickens were *** methods compared were the following:1)the Counter-Intuitive Method uses a multiple-range test to compare unknown test and standard samples;2)the Intuitive Method uses standard linear regression and inverts the equation to predict Zn bioavailability for each replicate of test samples;3)the Abductive Method uses Graybill's Equation,based on theory and observation,to estimate CI's;and 4)the Sophistic Method uses reverse regression,and calculates Zn bioavailability values directly from the *** Counter-Intuitive Method only gives information about which standards the test samples are,or are not,significantly different from respectively(average available Zn not predicted).The Intuitive Method ignores error about the standard curve and theoretically cannot estimate the CI directly(X±SEM=107.5±15.8 mg Zn/kg).The Sophistic Method underestimates and overestimates the test sample mean values above and below the mean of the standards,respectively(X=96.6 mg Zn/kg).The Abductive Method has an advantage over the other methods:The mean prediction estimation is consistent with theory(107.5±6.1 mg Zn/kg;X±SEM).When test or“unknown”samples are near the mean of the standard samples,the CI is smaller than when near the extremes of the calibration *** calibration curve error is small(R^(2)>approximately 0.95),there is little advantage to using the Abductive Method,but wh

关键词： Calibration curve Standard curve Confidence interval Bioavailability

A review of strategies to overcome immune resistance in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第3期6卷 656-673页

作者： Kenneth Sooi Robert Walsh Nesaretnam Kumarakulasinghe Alvin Wong natalie Ngoi Department of Haematology-Oncology National University Cancer InstituteSingapore 119228Singapore

Immunotherapy has become integral in cancer therapeutics over the past two decades and is now part of standard-of-care treatment in multiple cancer types. While various biomarkers and pathway alterations such as dMMR, CDK12, and AR-V7 have been identified in advanced prostate cancer to predict immunotherapy responsiveness, the vast majority of prostate cancer remain intrinsically immune-resistant, as evidenced by low response rates to anti-PD(L)1 monotherapy. Since regulatory approval of the vaccine therapy sipuleucel-T in the biomarker-unselected population, there has not been much success with immunotherapy treatment in advanced prostate cancer. Researchers have looked at various strategies to overcome immune resistance, including the identification of more biomarkers and the combination of immunotherapy with existing effective prostate cancer treatments. On the horizon, novel drugs using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) technology are being explored and have shown promising early efficacy in this disease. Here we discuss the features of the tumour microenvironment that predispose to immune resistance and rational strategies to enhance antitumour responsiveness in advanced prostate cancer.

关键词： Prostate cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor immune resistance tumour microenvironment

Collection,curation and the use of humidification to restore nest shape in a research museum bird nest collection

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 399-411页

作者： Tonya M.Haff natalie Tees Kathryn Wood E.Margaret Cawsey Leo Joseph Clare E.Holleley Australian National Wildlife Collection National Research Collections AustraliaCSIROGPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

Background:Bird nests are an important part of avian *** are a powerful tool for studying not only the birds that built them,but a wide array of topics ranging from parasitology,urbanisation and climate change to *** this,bird nests tend to be underrepresented in natural history collections,a problem that should be redressed through renewed focus by collecting ***:Here we outline the history and current best practice collection and curatorial methods for the nest col-lection of the Australian National Wildlife Collection(ANWC).We also describe an experiment conducted on nests in the ANWC using ultrasonic humidification to restore the shape of nests damaged by inappropriate ***:The experiment showed that damaged nests can be successfully reshaped to close to their original ***,restored nests were significantly closer to their original shape than they were prior to ***,even nests damaged by years of neglect may be fully incorporated into active research *** practice techniques include extensive note taking and photography in the field,subsampling of nests that cannot or should not be collected,appropriate field storage,metadata management,and prompt treatment upon arrival at the collec-tion ***:Renewed focus on nest collections should include appropriate care and restoration of current col-lections,as well as expansion to redress past *** could include collaboration with researchers studying or monitoring avian nesting ecology,and nest collection after use in bird species that rebuild anew each nesting *** expansion of museum nest collections will allow researchers and natural history collections to fully realise the scientific potential of these complex and beautiful specimens.

关键词： Best practice Bird Curation Nest Nest shape Natural history collection Humidification Object restoration Preservation

Ultraviolet light exposure and its penetrance through the eye in a porcine model

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第2期16卷 172-177页

作者： Hideki Fukuoka Helena E.Gali Jennifer J.Bu Ruti Sella natalie A.Afshari Shiley Eye Institute Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

AIM:To determine the amount of ultraviolet(UV)light irradiance that various layers of the eye receive as sunlight passes through the eye,and to investigate the protective benefits of UV light-blocking contact ***:Twenty-four porcine eyes were prepared in one of three ways:isolated cornea,cornea and lens together,or whole eye *** light irradiance was measured with a UV-A/B light meter before and after the eye preparations were placed over the meter to measure UV light penetration in each eye *** the whole eye preparation,a hole was placed in the fovea to measure light as it passed through the ***,UVprotective contact lenses were placed over the structures,and UV light penetrance was *** of UV light exposure were taken outdoors at various locations and ***:Cornea absorbed 63.56%of UV light that reached the *** and lens absorbed 99.34%of UV *** eye absorbed 99.77%of UV *** UV-protective contact lenses were placed,absorption was 98.90%,99.55%,and 99.87%,*** light exposure was dependent on directionality and time of day,and was greatest in areas of high albedo that reflect significant amounts of light,such as a ***:Cornea absorbs the majority of UV light that reaches the eye in this ***-protective contact lenses reduce UV exposure to the *** with high albedo expose the eye to higher levels of UV light.

关键词： ultraviolet light penetrance contact lens cornea lens

Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis:Part *** mineralization and litter quality

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 142-151页

作者： Holy K.Zanu Sarbast K.Kheravii natalie K.Morgan Michael R.Bedford Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

This study was conducted to determine the effect of necrotic enteritis(NE),phytase level and meat and bone meal(MBM)processing on bone mineralization of broilers and litter *** 308 male broiler chicks(n=768)were allotted to 48 pens with 16 birds *** were 8 dietary treatments in a 2×2×2 factorial *** were NE challenge(no or yes),phytase level(500 or 5,000 FTU/kg),and MBM(as-received or over-processed).Half of the birds were challenged with field strains of Eimeria *** d 9 and 108 CFU per mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and *** middle toe,tibia and femur of 2 birds per pen were excised at d 16 and 29 for determination of ash,breaking strength(BS)and bone *** d 42,all were assessed for hock burns and litter was scored and assessed for dry matter(DM).At d 16,challenged birds had lower toe ash(P<0.01),femur ash(P<0.001),tibia ash(P<0.001)and tibial BS(P<0.001)than unchallenged *** d 16,challenged birds fed high phytase and over-processed MBM had higher toe Mn than those fed low phytase and as-received *** d 29 unchallenged birds fed high phytase and as-received MBM had a higher toe Mn than those fed over-processed *** d 16,a phytase×MBM interaction was detected for femur Zn concentration(P<0.05),where a higher level of Zn was observed in the high phytase group fed over-processed *** d 16,tibial Ca(P<0.05)and P(P<0.05)were lower in the chal-lenged whereas the femur K(P<0.001),Mn(P<0.01)and Na(P<0.001)were higher in the chal-lenged at d *** d 42,challenged birds had higher litter DM(P=0.058)and fewer hock burns than those unchallenged(P<0.05).In conclusion,NE impaired bone traits but high phytase and over-processed MBM increased bone mineral *** of hock burns may be lower under NE in-cidences due to lower livability of birds reducing litter wetness.

关键词： Bone mineralization Litter quality Meat and bone meal Necrotic enteritis Phytase

An Ecological Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Exposure and Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Texas

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 99-105页

作者： Kevin M.Towle Stacey M.Benson natalie S.Egnot Gary M.Marsh Cardno ChemRisk San FranciscoCAUSA Cardno ChemRisk PittsburghPAUSA

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the association between county-level ambient vinyl chloride(VC)and county-level liver cancer incidence and mortality rates in *** county-level ambient VC data were obtained from the National Air Toxics ***-adjusted county-level liver cancer incidence rates were abstracted from the Texas Cancer Registry and age-standardized county-level liver cancer mortality rates were obtained from the peer-reviewed *** imputation was utilized to impute incidence rates in counties with suppressed liver cancer incidence *** binomial and Poisson regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between county-level ambient VC and county-level liver cancer incidence and mortality rates,respectively,adjusted for county-level heavy drinking prevalence,hepatitis mortality rates,median income,and race(percent Hispanic).County-level ambient VC was not associated with county-level liver cancer incidence or mortality ***,when compared to the lowest tertile of ambient VC,the middle(relative risk[RR]:1.06,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.95-1.19)and highest(RR:1.03,95%CI:0.90-1.17)tertiles of ambient VC were not associated with liver cancer ***,county-level ambient VC in the middle(RR:0.95,95%CI:0.85-1.05)and highest(RR:0.93,95%CI:0.82-1.05)tertiles were not associated with liver cancer *** analysis suggests that county-level ambient VC is not associated with liver cancer incidence or mortality in *** study provides novel results regarding liver cancer risk from low-level non-occupational exposure to ambient VC.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Liver cancer Epidemiology Incidence

Hepatic transcriptome profiling reveals early signatures associated with disease transition from non-alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis

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Liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 238-250页

作者： Nancy Magee Forkan Ahamed natalie Eppler Elizabeth Jones Priyanka Ghosh Lily He Yuxia Zhang Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA Liver Center University of KansasKansas CityKSUSA

Background and aim:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease *** molecular events that influence disease progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)to aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)remain incompletely understood,leading to lack of mechanism-based targeted treatment options for *** study aims to identify early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to NASH in mice and *** and methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat,-cholesterol,and-fructose(HFCF)diet for up to 9 *** extent of steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis was evaluated in liver *** RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was conducted to determine liver transcriptomic ***:After being fed the HFCF diet,mice sequentially developed steatosis,early steatohepatitis,steatohepatitis with fibrosis,and eventually spontaneous liver *** RNA-seq revealed that the key signatures during steatosis progression to early steatohepatitis were pathways related to extracel-lular matrix organization and immune responses such as T cell migration,arginine biosynthesis,C-type lectin receptor signaling,and cytokine-cytokine receptor *** regulated by transcription factors forkhead box M1(FOXM1)and negative elongation factor complex member E(NELFE)were significantly altered during disease *** phenomenon was also observed in patients with NASH.

关键词： Liver Transcriptome Steatosis Inflammation Fibrosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)