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Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.Pereira Martins natalie B.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan D.H.Barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

Critical Success Factors for Citizen Development

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 1121-1149页

作者： natalie Callinan Martin Perry MSD Zurich Switzerland Microsoft Dublin Ireland

The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of Citizen Development activities on digital transformation. The research identified eight categories that contribute to the success of Low-code No-code (LCNC) projects: 1) Strategy;2) Infrastructure;3) Technology;4) Processes & Procedures;5) Governance;6) Culture;7) People;8) Goals & Metrics and selected six critical success factors from these categories: 1) Operational Efficiency;2) Time Savings;3) Timeframe to Realize Value;4) Employee Engagement;5) Participation;6) Number of Sponsored Ideas. End users of the digital transformation efforts through Citizen Development were asked to assess the six critical success measures in terms of performance and importance criteria. The research results identified that focus should be applied to improving “Timeframe to Realize Value”, on “Operational Efficiency”, and on “Time Savings” to deliver success.

关键词： Citizen Development Low-Code No-Code Application Development Digital Transformation Timeframe to Realize Value Employee Engagement

Association between Mental Disorders and Subsequent Medical Conditions

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 217-217页

作者： natalie C Momen From the National Center for Register-based Research (N.C.M. O.P.-R. E.A. M.K.C. S.D. J.-C.P.G.D. T.M.L. P.B.M. K.L.M. C.B.P. L.V.P. B.V. N.W. J.J.M.) Center for Integrated Register-based Research (E.A. P.B.M. C.B.P.) the Departments of Biomedicine-Human Genetics (A.D.B.) and Public Health (M.K.C. M.F.-G. K.M.I. M.V. A.P.) the Center for Integrative Sequencing (A.D.B.) and the Big Data Center for Environment and Health (C.B.P.) Aarhus University the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (E.A. A.D.B. S.D. O.M. P.B.M. K.L.M. M.N. C.B.P. L.V.P. A.J.S. B.V. T.W.) the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine (A.D.B.) the Department of Neurology (J.-C.P.G.D.) and the Research Unit Department of Psychosis (O.M.) Aarhus University Hospital and the Research Unit for General Practice (M.F.-G. A.R.R. M.V. A.P.) Aarhus the Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital (M.E.B. M.N. H.J.S.) Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (L.V.K.) Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (L.V.K.) the Department of Clinical Medicine (T.W.) and the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center GLOBE Institute (T.W.) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen and the Institute of Biological Psychiatry Mental Health Center Sankt Hans Mental Health Services Capital Region Roskilde (A.J.S. T.W.) - all in Denmark the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney (L.D.) the Department of General Practice Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC (J.M.G.) and the Queensland Brain Institute (C.C.W.L. S.S. J.J.M.) Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research the Park Centre for Mental Health (C.C.W.L. S.S. T.J.S. H.A.W. J.J.M.) and the School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine (H.A.W.) University of Queensland Brisbane - all in Australia the Departments of Psychology (P.J.) and Developmental Psychology (A.M.R.) Heymans Institute and the I

Background:Persons with mental disorders are at a higher risk than the general population for the subsequent development of certain medical ***:We used a population-based cohort from Danish national registries that included data on more than 5.9 million persons born in Denmark from 1900 through 2015 and followed them from 2000 through 2016,for a total of 83.9 million person-years.

关键词： conditions milli population

Enhancing Cybersecurity through AI and ML: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第3期15卷 320-339页

作者： Maryam Roshanaei Mahir R. Khan natalie N. Sylvester Information Sciences and Technology Department Pennsylvania State University Abington USA

The landscape of cybersecurity is rapidly evolving due to the advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). This paper explores the crucial role of AI and ML in enhancing cybersecurity defenses against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, while also highlighting the new vulnerabilities introduced by these technologies. Through a comprehensive analysis that includes historical trends, technological evaluations, and predictive modeling, the dual-edged nature of AI and ML in cybersecurity is examined. Significant challenges such as data privacy, continuous training of AI models, manipulation risks, and ethical concerns are addressed. The paper emphasizes a balanced approach that leverages technological innovation alongside rigorous ethical standards and robust cybersecurity practices. This approach facilitates collaboration among various stakeholders to develop guidelines that ensure responsible and effective use of AI in cybersecurity, aiming to enhance system integrity and privacy without compromising security.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity Data Privacy and Security Ethical Standards

Navigating AI Cybersecurity: Evolving Landscape and Challenges

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第3期16卷 155-174页

作者： Maryam Roshanaei Mahir R. Khan natalie N. Sylvester IST Department Pennsylvania State University Abington Abington USA

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into critical sectors has revealed a complex landscape of cybersecurity challenges that are unique to these advanced technologies. AI systems, with their extensive data dependencies and algorithmic complexities, are susceptible to a broad spectrum of cyber threats that can undermine their functionality and compromise their integrity. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these threats, which include data poisoning, adversarial attacks, and systemic vulnerabilities that arise from the AI’s operational and infrastructural frameworks. This paper critically examines the effectiveness of existing defensive mechanisms, such as adversarial training and threat modeling, that aim to fortify AI systems against such vulnerabilities. In response to the limitations of current approaches, this paper explores a comprehensive framework for the design and implementation of robust AI systems. This framework emphasizes the development of dynamic, adaptive security measures that can evolve in response to new and emerging cyber threats, thereby enhancing the resilience of AI systems. Furthermore, the paper addresses the ethical dimensions of AI cybersecurity, highlighting the need for strategies that not only protect systems but also preserve user privacy and ensure fairness across all operations. In addition to current strategies and ethical concerns, this paper explores future directions in AI cybersecurity.

关键词： AI Cybersecurity Adversarial Attacks Defensive Strategies Ethical AI

Cerebral small vessel disease modifies outcomes after minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第4期9卷 446-456,I0147页

作者： Yunke Li Sung-Min Cho Radhika Avadhani Hassan Ali Yi Hao Santosh B Murthy Joshua N Goldstein Fan Xia Xin Hu natalie L Ullman Issam Awad Daniel Hanley Wendy C Ziai The George Institute for Global Health BeijingChina Department of Neurology Division of Neurocritical CareJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurology Division of Brain Injury OutcomesJohns Hopkins Medical Institutions CampusBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurosurgery West China Hospital of MedicineChengduSichuanChina Department of Neurosurgery University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)is controversial but may be beneficial if end-of-treatment(EOT)haematoma volume is reduced to≤15 *** explored whether MRI findings of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)modify the effect of MIS on long-term *** Prespecified blinded subgroup analysis of 288 subjects with qualified imaging sequences from the phase 3 Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Alteplase for Intracerebral Haemorrhage Evacuation(MISTIE)*** tested for heterogeneity in the effects of MIS and MIS+EOT volume≤15 mL on the trial’s primary outcome of good versus poor function at 1 year by the presence of single CSVD features and CSVD scores using multivariable *** Of 499 patients enrolled in MISTIE III,288 patients had MRI,149(51.7%)randomised to MIS and 139(48.3%)to standard medical care(SMC).Median(IQR)ICH volume was 42(30–53)*** the full MRI cohort,there was no statistically significant heterogeneity in the effects of MIS versus SMC on 1-year outcomes by any specific CSVD feature or by CSVD scores(all P_(interaction)>0.05).In 94 MIS patients with EOT ICH volume≤15 mL,significant reduction in odds of poor outcome was found with cerebral amyloid angiopathy score<2(OR,0.14(0.05–0.42);P_(interaction)=0.006),absence of lacunes(OR,0.37(0.18–0.80);P_(interaction)=0.02)and absence of severe white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)(OR,0.22(0.08–0.58);P_(interaction)=0.03).Conclusions Following successful haematoma reduction by MIS,we found significantly lower odds of poor functional outcome with lower total burden of CSVD in addition to absence of lacunes and severe *** features may have utility for prognostication and patient selection in clinical trials of MIS.

关键词： Surgery surgery absence

Overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance by targeting the tumor microenvironment

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Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期2卷 151-161页

作者： Jinsong Zhang natalie Vokes Man Li Jiachen Xu Hua Bai Jie Wang Zhijie Wang Jianjun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung CancerDepartment of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNo.17PanjiayuannanliChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100021China Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department of Genomic MedicineThe Lung Cancer Interception ProgramThe Lung Cancer Genomics ProgramThe University of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Shanxi Cancer Hospital(Shanxi Cancer Institute) Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shanxi HospitalShanxi Medical University Affiliated HospitalTaiyuanShanxi 030013China

Targeted therapy has ushered in a new era of precision medicine for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Currently,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)stand as the recommended first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR ***,most patients inevitably confront the challenge of drug *** phenomenon arises not solely from intrinsic alterations within cancer cells but also from the intricate dynamics of the tumor microenvironment and the complex interactions that occur between cancer cells and their immediate *** review consolidates the current knowledge regarding EGFR-TKI resistance mechanisms,with a specific emphasis on unraveling the role played by the tumor *** addition,the review delineates strategic approaches to surmount TKI resistance,thereby enriching the understanding of the interplay between therapeutic agents and the intricate milieu surrounding cancer cells.

关键词： Non-small cell lung cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor Tumor microenvironment Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drug resistance

Particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sydney R.Shannon Dennis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi Jawaun J.Harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin J.Yoo Ariel Isser Vivek P.Jani natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly Rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe T.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.Tzeng Jonathan P.Schneck Jordan J.Green Translational Tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

CO2 activation on bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第5期26卷 487-492页

作者： natalie Austin Brandon Butina Giannis Mpourmpakis Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pittsburgh

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the structural, electronic, and CO2adsorption properties of 55-atom bimetallic Cu Ni nanoparticles（NPs） in core-shell and decorated architectures,as well as of their monometallic counterparts. Our results revealed that with respect to the monometallic Cu55and Ni55parents, the formation of decorated Cu12Ni43and core-shell Cu42Ni13are energetically favorable. We found that CO2chemisorbs on monometallic Ni55, core-shell Cu13Ni42, and decorated Cu12Ni43and Cu43Ni12,whereas, it physisorbs on monometallic Cu55and core-shell Cu42Ni13. The presence of surface Ni on the NPs is key in strongly adsorbing and activating the CO2molecule（linear to bent transition and elongation of C=O bonds）. This activation occurs through a charge transfer from the NPs to the CO2molecule, where the local metal d-orbital density localization on surface Ni plays a pivotal role. This work identifies insightful structureproperty relationships for CO2activation and highlights the importance of keeping a balance between NP stability and CO2adsorption behavior in designing catalytic bimetallic NPs that activate CO2.

关键词： Density functional theory Alloys CO2adsorption Catalysis Stability