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Abductive statistical methods improve the results of calibration curve bioassays:An example of determining zinc bioavailability in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 294-304页

作者： Gene M.Pesti Lynne Billard Shu-Biao Wu Robert A.Swick Thi Thanh Hoai Nguyen natalie Morgan The University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia The University of Georgia AthensGA30602USA

In this paper,we discuss the theory behind calibration curve experiments and their application to a zinc(Zn)bioavailability study with broiler *** replicates of 16 male commercial broiler chicks were fed starter diets for 14 *** diets had different levels of a potential Zn source and one was a positive control with standard industry levels of Zn for *** commonly used methods of calculating bioavailability means and confidence intervals(CI)from a calibration curve(standard curve)experiment to estimate the bioavailability of a new zinc source in broiler chickens were *** methods compared were the following:1)the Counter-Intuitive Method uses a multiple-range test to compare unknown test and standard samples;2)the Intuitive Method uses standard linear regression and inverts the equation to predict Zn bioavailability for each replicate of test samples;3)the Abductive Method uses Graybill's Equation,based on theory and observation,to estimate CI's;and 4)the Sophistic Method uses reverse regression,and calculates Zn bioavailability values directly from the *** Counter-Intuitive Method only gives information about which standards the test samples are,or are not,significantly different from respectively(average available Zn not predicted).The Intuitive Method ignores error about the standard curve and theoretically cannot estimate the CI directly(X±SEM=107.5±15.8 mg Zn/kg).The Sophistic Method underestimates and overestimates the test sample mean values above and below the mean of the standards,respectively(X=96.6 mg Zn/kg).The Abductive Method has an advantage over the other methods:The mean prediction estimation is consistent with theory(107.5±6.1 mg Zn/kg;X±SEM).When test or“unknown”samples are near the mean of the standard samples,the CI is smaller than when near the extremes of the calibration *** calibration curve error is small(R^(2)>approximately 0.95),there is little advantage to using the Abductive Method,but wh

关键词： Calibration curve Standard curve Confidence interval Bioavailability

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Responses to threat in a freshwater invader： longitudinal data reveal personality, habituation, and robustness to changing water temperatures in the ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus （Crustacea： Amphipoda）

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 45-51页

作者： Mark BRIFFA natalie JONES Calum MACNEIL Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University Plymouth PL4 8AA UK Department of Environment Food and Agriculture The Isle of Man GovernmentSt Johns IM4 3AS Isle of Man

Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are under threat from biological invasions. The ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus is a highly predatory amphipod that has spread readily across Central Europe and recently the UK and its arrival has been associated with the significant loss of resident species. Despite this, studies of its behavioral ecology are sparse, even though its be- havior may contribute to its invasion success. For the first time, we investigated antipredator ＂fleeing＂ behavior in D. villosus and how this changed with water temperature. Three key patterns emerged from our analysis. First, within a particular temperature condition there are moderate but consistent among-individual differences in behavior. These are driven by a combination of mean level among-individual differences and within-individual relative consistency in behavior, and pro- vide the key marker for animal personalities. Second, the fleeing responses were not influenced by temperature and third, regardless of temperature, all individuals appeared to habituate to a repeated nondangerous stimulus, indicating a capacity for individual learning. We suggest that the antipreda- tor behavior of D. villosus contributes to its rapid spread and that consistent among-individual differ- ences in behavior may promote biological invasions across heterogeneous conditions. Robustness to changing water temperatures may also be potentially advantageous, particularly in an era of glo- bal climate change, where average temperatures could be elevated and less predictable.

关键词： invasions Dikerogammarus villosus animal personalities habituation temperature.

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Collection,curation and the use of humidification to restore nest shape in a research museum bird nest collection

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 399-411页

作者： Tonya M.Haff natalie Tees Kathryn Wood E.Margaret Cawsey Leo Joseph Clare E.Holleley Australian National Wildlife Collection National Research Collections AustraliaCSIROGPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

Background:Bird nests are an important part of avian *** are a powerful tool for studying not only the birds that built them,but a wide array of topics ranging from parasitology,urbanisation and climate change to *** this,bird nests tend to be underrepresented in natural history collections,a problem that should be redressed through renewed focus by collecting ***:Here we outline the history and current best practice collection and curatorial methods for the nest col-lection of the Australian National Wildlife Collection(ANWC).We also describe an experiment conducted on nests in the ANWC using ultrasonic humidification to restore the shape of nests damaged by inappropriate ***:The experiment showed that damaged nests can be successfully reshaped to close to their original ***,restored nests were significantly closer to their original shape than they were prior to ***,even nests damaged by years of neglect may be fully incorporated into active research *** practice techniques include extensive note taking and photography in the field,subsampling of nests that cannot or should not be collected,appropriate field storage,metadata management,and prompt treatment upon arrival at the collec-tion ***:Renewed focus on nest collections should include appropriate care and restoration of current col-lections,as well as expansion to redress past *** could include collaboration with researchers studying or monitoring avian nesting ecology,and nest collection after use in bird species that rebuild anew each nesting *** expansion of museum nest collections will allow researchers and natural history collections to fully realise the scientific potential of these complex and beautiful specimens.

关键词： Best practice Bird Curation Nest Nest shape Natural history collection Humidification Object restoration Preservation

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Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.Pereira Martins natalie B.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan D.H.Barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

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Ultraviolet light exposure and its penetrance through the eye in a porcine model

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第2期16卷 172-177页

作者： Hideki Fukuoka Helena E.Gali Jennifer J.Bu Ruti Sella natalie A.Afshari Shiley Eye Institute Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

AIM:To determine the amount of ultraviolet(UV)light irradiance that various layers of the eye receive as sunlight passes through the eye,and to investigate the protective benefits of UV light-blocking contact ***:Twenty-four porcine eyes were prepared in one of three ways:isolated cornea,cornea and lens together,or whole eye *** light irradiance was measured with a UV-A/B light meter before and after the eye preparations were placed over the meter to measure UV light penetration in each eye *** the whole eye preparation,a hole was placed in the fovea to measure light as it passed through the ***,UVprotective contact lenses were placed over the structures,and UV light penetrance was *** of UV light exposure were taken outdoors at various locations and ***:Cornea absorbed 63.56%of UV light that reached the *** and lens absorbed 99.34%of UV *** eye absorbed 99.77%of UV *** UV-protective contact lenses were placed,absorption was 98.90%,99.55%,and 99.87%,*** light exposure was dependent on directionality and time of day,and was greatest in areas of high albedo that reflect significant amounts of light,such as a ***:Cornea absorbs the majority of UV light that reaches the eye in this ***-protective contact lenses reduce UV exposure to the *** with high albedo expose the eye to higher levels of UV light.

关键词： ultraviolet light penetrance contact lens cornea lens

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The Test

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考试与评价（英语外研新标准高一版） 2009年第3期 30-31页

作者： natalie Hess

查理在一本诗集里发现了一些用铅笔记下的读诗笔记，美妙的文字使他迫切地想见到笔记的主人。他费尽周折，终于得以和文字的主人通信，从而建立了深厚的友谊。经历了战争的硝烟，他们终于有了见面的机会。可是当他们见面时，查理却发现... 详细信息

查理在一本诗集里发现了一些用铅笔记下的读诗笔记，美妙的文字使他迫切地想见到笔记的主人。他费尽周折，终于得以和文字的主人通信，从而建立了深厚的友谊。经历了战争的硝烟，他们终于有了见面的机会。可是当他们见面时，查理却发现文字的主人不像她的文字那样美妙。查理会如何面对这个人呢？

关键词：英语课外阅读教材阅读材料

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The Guardian Angel

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考试与评价（英语高一专刊） 2017年第6期 46-47页

作者： natalie Hess

吉尔伯特的股票赔了，他失去了所有的钱。他因此失去了朋友，心爱的女孩也可能离他而去。他觉得自己的哇命已经没有任何意义了，所以他想到了死。可是接下来发生的事彻底改变了吉尔伯特，他的天空又阳光明媚了，下面就来看看这个关于“... 详细信息

吉尔伯特的股票赔了，他失去了所有的钱。他因此失去了朋友，心爱的女孩也可能离他而去。他觉得自己的哇命已经没有任何意义了，所以他想到了死。可是接下来发生的事彻底改变了吉尔伯特，他的天空又阳光明媚了，下面就来看看这个关于“守护天使”的故事吧。

关键词：中学英语课外阅读阅读材料

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Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis:Part *** mineralization and litter quality

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 142-151页

作者： Holy K.Zanu Sarbast K.Kheravii natalie K.Morgan Michael R.Bedford Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

This study was conducted to determine the effect of necrotic enteritis(NE),phytase level and meat and bone meal(MBM)processing on bone mineralization of broilers and litter *** 308 male broiler chicks(n=768)were allotted to 48 pens with 16 birds *** were 8 dietary treatments in a 2×2×2 factorial *** were NE challenge(no or yes),phytase level(500 or 5,000 FTU/kg),and MBM(as-received or over-processed).Half of the birds were challenged with field strains of Eimeria *** d 9 and 108 CFU per mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and *** middle toe,tibia and femur of 2 birds per pen were excised at d 16 and 29 for determination of ash,breaking strength(BS)and bone *** d 42,all were assessed for hock burns and litter was scored and assessed for dry matter(DM).At d 16,challenged birds had lower toe ash(P<0.01),femur ash(P<0.001),tibia ash(P<0.001)and tibial BS(P<0.001)than unchallenged *** d 16,challenged birds fed high phytase and over-processed MBM had higher toe Mn than those fed low phytase and as-received *** d 29 unchallenged birds fed high phytase and as-received MBM had a higher toe Mn than those fed over-processed *** d 16,a phytase×MBM interaction was detected for femur Zn concentration(P<0.05),where a higher level of Zn was observed in the high phytase group fed over-processed *** d 16,tibial Ca(P<0.05)and P(P<0.05)were lower in the chal-lenged whereas the femur K(P<0.001),Mn(P<0.01)and Na(P<0.001)were higher in the chal-lenged at d *** d 42,challenged birds had higher litter DM(P=0.058)and fewer hock burns than those unchallenged(P<0.05).In conclusion,NE impaired bone traits but high phytase and over-processed MBM increased bone mineral *** of hock burns may be lower under NE in-cidences due to lower livability of birds reducing litter wetness.

关键词： Bone mineralization Litter quality Meat and bone meal Necrotic enteritis Phytase

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The Guardian Angel

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考试与评价（英语外研新标准高一版） 2009年第2期 36-37页

作者： natalie Hess

吉尔伯特的股票赔了，他失去了所有的钱。他因此失去了朋友，心爱的女孩也可能离他而去。他觉得自己的生命已经没有任何意义了，所以他想到了死。可是接下来发生的事彻底改变了吉尔伯特，他的天空又阳光明媚了。下面就来看看这个关于“... 详细信息

吉尔伯特的股票赔了，他失去了所有的钱。他因此失去了朋友，心爱的女孩也可能离他而去。他觉得自己的生命已经没有任何意义了，所以他想到了死。可是接下来发生的事彻底改变了吉尔伯特，他的天空又阳光明媚了。下面就来看看这个关于“守护天使”的故事吧。

关键词：中等教育英语教学英文阅读课外教材

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Martha＇s Many Cats

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考试与评价（英语外研新标准高一版） 2009年第8期 39-40页

作者： natalie Hess

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