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Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEMING natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

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Post-hoc power analysis:a conceptually valid approach for power based on observed study data

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General Psychiatry 2022年第4期35卷 266-272页

作者： natalie E Quach Kun yang Ruohui Chen Justin Tu Manfei Xu Xin M Tu Xinlian Zhang Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUC San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Department of Orthopedics Emory HealthcareEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Power analysis is a key component of planning prospective studies such as clinical ***,some journals in biomedical and psychosocial sciences request power analysis for data already collected and analysed before acceptingmanuscripts for *** have raised concerns about the conceptual basis for such post-hoc power *** recently,Zhang et al showed by using simulation studies that such power analyses do not indicate true power for detecting statistical significance since post-hoc power estimates vary in the range of practical interests and can be very different from the true *** the other hand,journals'request for information about the reliability of statistical findings in a manuscript due to small sample sizes is justified since the sample size plays an important role in the reproducibility of statistical *** problem is the wording of the journals'request,as the current power analysis paradigm is not designed to address journals'concerns about the reliability of the statistical *** this paper,we propose an alternate formulation of power analysis to provide a conceptually valid approach to the journals'wrongly worded but practically significant concern.

关键词： power approach sizes

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GRK5 is an essential co-repressor of the cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor and is selectively induced by finerenone

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第4期14卷 220-230页

作者： Celina M Pollard Malka S Suster natalie Cora Alexandra M Carbone Anastasios Lymperopoulos Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Pharmacology)College of PharmacyNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33328-2018United States

BACKGROUND In the heart,aldosterone(Aldo)binds the mineralocorticoid receptor(MR)to exert damaging,adverse remodeling-promoting *** recently showed that G protein-coupled receptor-kinase(GRK)-5 blocks the cardiac MR by directly phosphorylating it,thereby repressing its transcriptional *** antagonist(MRA)drugs block the cardiac MR reducing morbidity and mortality of advanced human heart ***-steroidal MRAs,such as finerenone,may provide better cardio-protection against Aldo than classic,steroidal MRAs,like spironolactone and *** To investigate potential differences between finerenone and eplerenone at engaging GRK5-dependent cardiac MR phosphorylation and subsequent *** We used H9c2 cardiomyocytes,which endogenously express the MR and *** GRK5 phosphorylates the MR in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in response to finerenone but not to *** eplerenone,finerenone alone potently and efficiently suppresses cardiac MR transcriptional activity,thus displaying inverse ***5 is necessary for finerenone’s inverse agonism,since GRK5 genetic deletion renders finerenone incapable of blocking cardiac MR transcriptional *** alone does not fully suppress cardiac MR basal activity regardless of GRK5 expression ***,GRK5 is necessary for the antiapoptotic,anti-oxidative,and anti-fibrotic effects of both finerenone and eplerenone against Aldo,as well as for the higher efficacy and potency of finerenone at blocking Aldo-induced apoptosis,oxidative stress,and *** Finerenone,but not eplerenone,induces GRK5-dependent cardiac MR inhibition,which underlies,at least in part,its higher potency and efficacy,compared to eplerenone,as an MRA in the ***5 acts as a co-repressor of the cardiac MR and is essential for efficient MR antagonism in the myocardium.

关键词： Aldosterone Cardiac myocyte Finerenone G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist Signal transduction

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Perceived barriers and facilitators of day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures?A cross-sectional survey of United Kingdom surgeons

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第4期14卷 248-259页

作者： Amber Berry linzy Houchen-Wolloff natalie Crane David Townshend Robert Clayton Jitendra Mangwani Department of Physiotherapy Spire HospitalLeicester LE22FFUnited Kingdom Department of Physiotherapy University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom Department of Orthopaedics Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustNorth Sheilds NE298NHUnited Kingdom Department of Orthopaedics Victoria HospitalKirkcaldy KY25AHUnited Kingdom Academic Team of Musculoskeletal Surgery University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Advances in minimally invasive surgery and improved post-operative pain management make it possible to consider performing even major foot/ankle operations as *** could have significant benefits for patients and the health *** there are theoretical concerns about post-operative complications and patient satisfaction due to *** To scope the current practice of foot and ankle surgeons on day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures in the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS An online survey(19 questions)was sent to UK foot and ankle surgeons via the British Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society membership list in August *** foot and ankle procedures were defined as surgery that is usually performed as an inpatient in majority of centres and day-case as same day discharge,with day surgery as the intended treatment *** 132 people responded to the survey invitation with 80%working in Acute NHS *** 45%of respondents perform less than 100 day-case surgeries per year for these procedures.78%felt that there was scope to perform more procedures as day-case at their ***-operative pain(34%)and patient satisfaction(10%)was not highly measured within their *** of adequate physiotherapy input pre/post-operatively(23%)and lack of out of hours support(21%)were the top perceived barriers to performing more major foot and ankle procedures as *** There is consensus among UK surgeons to do more major foot/ankle procedures as *** of hours support and physiotherapy input pre/post-op were perceived as the main *** theoretical concerns about post-operative pain and satisfaction this was only measured by a third of those *** is a need for nationally agreed protocols to optimise the delivery of and measurement of outcomes in this type of *** a local level,the provision of physiotherapy and out of hours support should be explored at sites where this is a percei

关键词： Day-case Foot Ankle Physiotherapy Survey

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Sexual selection and environmental change:what do we know and what comes next?

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 293-298页

作者： natalie Pilakouta Murielle Aluimd School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243FXUK Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology Centre(EBC)Uppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18D 75236 UppsalaSweden

Anthropogenic environmental change is the most significant threat to biodiversity in the 21st *** populations are experiencing rapid changes in their biotic and abiotic environment,which impose novel selection pressures on organisms and increase the risk of population *** is thus a pressing need to understand what affects the capacity of populations to respond and adapt to environmental *** behavioral traits are very labile,they provide a means of rapidly responding to environmental change(Sih et al.2011;Tuomainen and Candolin 2011).

关键词： al. selection threat

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Responses to threat in a freshwater invader： longitudinal data reveal personality, habituation, and robustness to changing water temperatures in the ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus （Crustacea： Amphipoda）

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 45-51页

作者： Mark BRIFFA natalie JONES Calum MACNEIL Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University Plymouth PL4 8AA UK Department of Environment Food and Agriculture The Isle of Man GovernmentSt Johns IM4 3AS Isle of Man

Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are under threat from biological invasions. The ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus is a highly predatory amphipod that has spread readily across Central Europe and recently the UK and its arrival has been associated with the significant loss of resident species. Despite this, studies of its behavioral ecology are sparse, even though its be- havior may contribute to its invasion success. For the first time, we investigated antipredator ＂fleeing＂ behavior in D. villosus and how this changed with water temperature. Three key patterns emerged from our analysis. First, within a particular temperature condition there are moderate but consistent among-individual differences in behavior. These are driven by a combination of mean level among-individual differences and within-individual relative consistency in behavior, and pro- vide the key marker for animal personalities. Second, the fleeing responses were not influenced by temperature and third, regardless of temperature, all individuals appeared to habituate to a repeated nondangerous stimulus, indicating a capacity for individual learning. We suggest that the antipreda- tor behavior of D. villosus contributes to its rapid spread and that consistent among-individual differ- ences in behavior may promote biological invasions across heterogeneous conditions. Robustness to changing water temperatures may also be potentially advantageous, particularly in an era of glo- bal climate change, where average temperatures could be elevated and less predictable.

关键词： invasions Dikerogammarus villosus animal personalities habituation temperature.

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No evidence of contagious yawning in the red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 477-484页

作者： Anna WILKINSON natalie SEBANZ Isabella MANDL Ludwig HUBER Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 Vienna 1090 Austria Department of Biological Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln LN2 2LG UK Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Centre for Cognition Radboud University Nijmegen P.O. Box 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen The Netherlands

Three hypotheses have attempted to explain the phenomenon of contagious yawning. It has been hypothesized that it is a fixed action pattern for which the releasing stimulus is the observation of another yawn, that it is the result of non-conscious mimicry emerging through close links between perception and action or that it is the result of empathy, involving the ability to engage in mental state attribution. This set of experiments sought to distinguish between these hypotheses by examining contagious yawning in a species that is unlikely to show nonconscious mimicry and empathy but does respond to social stimuli： the red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria. A demonstrator tortoise was conditioned to yawn when presented with a red square-shaped stimulus. Observer tortoises were exposed to three conditions： observation of conditioned yawn, non demonstration control, and stimulus only control. We measured the number of yawns for each observer animal in each condition. There was no difference between conditions. Experiment 2 therefore increased the number of conditioned yawns presented. Again, there was no significant difference between conditions. It seemed plausible that the tortoises did not view the conditioned yawn as a real yawn and therefore a final experiment was run using video recorded stimuli. The observer tortoises were presented with three conditions： real yawn, conditioned yawns and empty background. Again there was no significant difference between conditions. We therefore conclude that the red-footed tortoise does not yawn in response to observing a conspecific yawn. This suggests that contagious yawning is not the result of a fixed action pattern but may involve more complex social processes [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 477-484, 2011].

关键词： Reptile Contagious yawn Empathy Nonconscious mimicry Fixed action pattern

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Development of sorghum mutants with improved in vitro protein digestibility by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of kafirin genes

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1411-1418页

作者： Lev A.Elkonin Grigoriy A.Gerashchenkov natalie V.Borisenko Odyssey A.Kenzhegulov Saule Kh.Sarsenova Natalya A.Rozhnova Valery M.Panin Federal Centre of Agriculture Research of South-East Region Saratov 410010Russia Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa 450054Russia

Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a major world crop that is a reliable source of fodder and food grain in arid regions. However, unlike other cereals, sorghum grain has low nutritional value, owing mainly to the resistance of its storage proteins(kafirins) to protease digestion. Changing the composition of kafirins or their primary structure may address this problem. To induce mutations in kafirin-encoding genes that were expected to disturb their accumulation in endosperm cells, we used a genome-editing approach. By Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos of cv. Avans, we obtained 14 transgenic plants with genetic constructs for site-directed mutagenesis of the k1C5 and g KAF1 genes encoding 22 k Da a-and 28 kDa γ-kafirins, respectively. Sequencing of 5 regenerants obtained by using k1C5-addressing vector revealed two plants with mutations. T_1 progeny of these mutants had higher in vitro digestibility of endosperm proteins(86%–92%), in comparison with the donor Avans(63%–67%). The kernels of these plants had a thick vitreous endosperm. A mutant with increased in vitro protein digestibility and vitreous endosperm, carrying a mutation in the target sequence, was also obtained by use of the gKAF1-addressing vector. Thus, using genome editing technology, we have obtained mutants with improved kafirin digestibility that can be used in sorghum breeding.

关键词： Sorghum CRISPR/Cas Kafirins In vitro protein digestibility Vitreous endosperm

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A case of gas gangrene in an immunosuppressed Crohn's patient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第33期17卷 3856-3858页

作者： natalie Kiel Vincent Ho Andrew Pascoe Department of Gastroenterology Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane4102 QueenslandAustralia

Clostridium septicum(***)gas gangrene is well documented in the literature,typically in the setting of trauma or *** this paper,we report a unique case of spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis in a patient with Crohn's disease and sulfasalazineinduced *** patient presented with left thigh pain,vomiting and *** tests demonstrated a profound neutropenia,and magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh confirmed extensive *** patient underwent emergency hip disarticulation,followed by *** was cultured from the *** completion of antibiotic therapy,the patient developed myonecrosis of the right pectoral muscle necessitating further debridement,and remains on lifelong prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

关键词： Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Sulfasalazine Neutropenia Clostridium septicum

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Promoting oral mucosal wound healing using a DCS-RuB_(2)A_(2) hydrogel based on a photoreactive antibacterial and sustained release of BMSCs

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第5期23卷 53-68页

作者： Wenxin Qi Naijun Dong lingling Wu Xueqi Zhang He Li Hao Wu natalie Ward Jian Yu He Liu Jiao Wang Xiaoyong Deng Robert Chunhua Zhao School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Beijing University of Chemical Technology BeijingChina Banner Ocotillo Medical Center 1405 S Alma School RdChandlerAZ85286USA Division of Endodontics Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology(Hubei-MOST)&Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430079China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghaiPR China Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy(BZ0381) BeijingChina

The high occurrence rate and difficulties in symptom control are listed as the major problems of oral mucosal disease by medical *** the development of oral mucosal lesions,the oral microenvironment changes,immunity declines,and continuous bacterial stimulation causes wound *** antibacterial drugs are ineffective for oral mucosal *** overcome this problem,a light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel containing sustained-release BMSCs was inspired by the trauma environment in the oral cavity,which is different from that on the body surface since it mostly remains under dark *** the absence of light,the hydrogel seals the wound to form a barrier,exerts a natural bacteriostatic effect,and prevents invasion by foreign ***,mesenchymal stem cells are presented,and the released growth factors and other substances have excellent anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects,which result in rapid repair of the damaged *** light conditions,after photo-induced shedding of the hydrogel,RuB_(2)A exerts an antibacterial effect accompanied by degradation of the *** in a rat oral mucosal repair model demonstrate that DCS-RuB_(2)A_(2)-BMSCs could rapidly repair the oral mucosa within 4 *** data provide ideas for further analysis of the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and signaling *** together,our results suggest that this light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel loaded with BMSCs can be used for rapid wound repair and may advance the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of clinical oral mucosal defects.

关键词： Oral mucosa Light-responsive Hydrogel DCS BMSCs

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