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Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 19-25页

作者： Klint W.McCafferty Mingan Choct Sosthene Musigwa natalie K.Morgan Aaron J.Cowieson Amy F.Moss USDA-ARS Poultry Research Unit School of Environmental and Rural SciencesMississippi State39762United States University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia DSM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst4303Switzerland

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid(dAA)concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in broilers.Ross 308 male broilers(n?288)were distributed into 24 floor pens and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates from 1 to 35 d of age.Dietary treatments consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement with dAA concentrations(standard and reduced[34 g/kg below standard])and supplemental protease(without or with)as the main factors.At 1,15,28,and 35 d of age,feed and broilerswereweighed to determine live performance.From20 to 23 d of age,a total of 32 birds(2 birds/chamber,4 replicates)were placed in closed-calorimeter chambers to determine respiratory exchange(heat production,HP),apparent metabolisable energy(AME),retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE).From 29 to 35 d of age,supplemental protease in the reduced-dAA diet decreased broiler feed conversion ratio(FCR)by 5.6 points,whereas protease supplementation in the standard-dAA diet increased FCR by 5.8 points.The indirect calorimetry assay revealed that supplemental protease decreased(P<0.05)the heat increment of feed(HIF)by 0.22 MJ/kg.Also,from 20 to 23 d of age,broilers offered the reduced-dAA diet with supplemental protease had a higher daily body weight gain(BWG)(t10.4%),N intake(t7.1%),and N retention(t8.2%)than those offered the standard-dAA with supplemental protease.Broilers offered the reduced-dAA without supplemental protease exhibited a 3.6%higher AME-to-crude protein(CP)ratio than those offered other treatments.Protease supplementation in the standard-and reduced-dAA diets resulted in 2.7%and 5.6%lower AME intake-to-N retention ratios,respectively,compared with the unsupplemented controls.Reduced-dAA increased(P<0.05)AME intake(t4.8%),RE(t9.8%),NE intake(t5.8%),NE intake-to-CP ratio(t3.0%),and RE fat-to-RE ratio(t8.6%).Protease supplementation increased(P<0.05)respiratory quotient(t1.2%)and N retention-to-N intake ratio(t2.2%),NE-to-AME ratio(t1.9%),and reduced HP(3.6%),hea

关键词： Exogenous enzyme Mono-component protease Net energy Amino acid

Primary Hyperparathyroidism:A Tale of Two Cities Revisited-New York and Shanghai

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Bone Research 2013年第2期1卷 162-169页

作者： Jian-min Liu natalie E. Cusano Barbara C. Silva lin Zhao Xiao-yan He Bei Tao Li-hao Sun Hong-yan Zhao Wen-wei Fan Megan E. Romano Guang Ning John P. Bilezikian Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-jin HospitalShanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of EndocrinologyCollege of Physicians and surgeonsColumbia University

In the 1970s, with the advent of biochemical multichannel screening in the United States and other western countries, the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism （PHPT） changed from a symptomatic to an asymptomatic disorder. However, in Asian countries, like China, PHPT did not show this evolution, but rather continued to be a symptomatic disease with target organ involvement. In this paper, we revisit the clinical features of PHPT in New York and Shanghai, representative United States and Chinese cites, over the past decade. The questions we address are whether the disease evolved in China to a more asymptomatic one and, whether in the United States further changes are evident. The results indicate that while PHPT con- tinues to present primarily as an asymptomatic disease in the United States, a new phenotype characterized by normal serum calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels, normocalcemic PHPT, has emerged. Data from Shanghai demonstrates a trend for PHPT to present more commonly as an asymptomatic disorder in China. However, most patients with PHPT in China still manifest classical symptoms, i.e. nephrolithiasis and fractures. A comparison of the two cohorts shows that Chinese patients with PHPT are younger, with higher serum calcium and PTH levels, and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than patients in New York. Normocalcemic PHPT has not yet been recognized in Shanghai. In summary, although the phenotypes of PHPT in both cities are evolving towards less evident disease, sharp clinical and biochemical differences are still apparent in PHPT as expressed in China and the United States.

关键词： normocalcemic primay hyperparathyroidism asymptomatic symptomatic

Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEMING natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense forests.This once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have occurred.Understanding reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their biology.Morphology of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among species.As hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation relevance.We measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of Peramelemorphia.Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with precipitation.Species that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic bullae.In contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these habitats.Associations with temperature did not reach statistical significance.These findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

The Way We Stand: A Sequential Case Study on Foot Angle

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第9期11卷 79-89页

作者： natalie Rawlings Arizona Institute of Motion BASIS Phoenix Scottsdale USA

This study quantifies the significance of foot angle as it relates to common biometric data to assess its use in the clinical realm. There are two objectives to this study;first to determine the relationship foot angle has with ten surveyed biometric data points (age, weight, height, biological makeup, shoe size, orthotic use, physical activity level, competitive sports history, lower extremity injury history, and reason for visiting doctor), and second to determine the average left and right foot angles of the population studied. The duration of this sequential case study with a sample size of 73 was December 9, 2021, to April 7, 2022. Participants were fully informed of the measurement steps, the purpose of the survey, and the goal of the project. Participants were asked to walk down the hallway as a distraction to collect the most accurate data on the participants’ stance. This study was performed at the Arizona Institute of Motion, a clinical office and private practice. Participants had the option to decline participation in the study. Correlational calculations and linear regressions were performed to support or reject the existence of a relationship between foot angle and the biometric data. It was found that the average left foot angle was 26.35 degrees, and the average right foot angle was 26.54 degrees. It was found that there was a strong positive correlation between left and right foot angles, and a weak positive relationship with both foot angles and weight, height, and shoe size. The optimized linear regression model had an adjusted r2 value of 0.549 for left foot angle against right foot angle, shoe size, and height, and an adjusted r2 value of 0.522 for right foot angle against left foot angle, shoe size, and height. Foot angle had no other relationships with the other biometric data and had limited quantitative significance. Additional study is required to confirm its numerical importance, but foot angle may continue to be used in clinical settings in conjunction with gait a

关键词： Foot Angle Biometric Posture linear Regression Orthopedic

Evaluation on interactive visualization data with scatterplots

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Visual Informatics 2020年第4期4卷 1-10页

作者： Quang Vinh Nguyen natalie Miller David Arness Weidong Huang Mao lin Huang Simeon Simoff MARCS Institute Western Sydney UniversityAustralia School of Computer Data and Mathematical SciencesWestern Sydney UniversityAustralia School of Psychology Western Sydney UniversityAustralia Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation University of TechnologySydneyAustralia School of Software Faculty of Engineering&ITUniversity of TechnologySydneyAustralia

Scatterplots and scatterplot matrix methods have been popularly used for showing statistical graphics and for exposing patterns in multivariate data.A recent technique,called linkable Scatterplots,provides an interesting idea for interactive visual exploration which provides a set of necessary plot panels on demand together with interaction,linking and brushing.This article presents a controlled study with a mixed-model design to evaluate the effectiveness and user experience on the visual exploration when using a Sequential-Scatterplots who a single plot is shown at a time,Multiple-Scatterplots who number of plots can be specified and shown,and Simultaneous-Scatterplots who all plots are shown as a scatterplot matrix.Results from the study demonstrated higher accuracy using the Multiple-Scatterplots visualization,particularly in comparison with the Simultaneous-Scatterplots.While the time taken to complete tasks was longer in the Multiple-Scatterplots technique,compared with the simpler Sequential-Scatterplots,Multiple-Scatterplots is inherently more accurate.Moreover,the Multiple-Scatterplots technique is the most highly preferred and positively experienced technique in this study.Overall,results support the strength of Multiple-Scatterplots and highlight its potential as an effective data visualization technique for exploring multivariate data.

关键词： Multivariate data visualization Multidimensional data visualization Scatterplots Scatterplot matrix Controlled study

Sexual selection and environmental change:what do we know and what comes next?

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 293-298页

作者： natalie Pilakouta Murielle Aluimd School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243FXUK Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology Centre(EBC)Uppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18D 75236 UppsalaSweden

Anthropogenic environmental change is the most significant threat to biodiversity in the 21st century.Animal populations are experiencing rapid changes in their biotic and abiotic environment,which impose novel selection pressures on organisms and increase the risk of population extinction.There is thus a pressing need to understand what affects the capacity of populations to respond and adapt to environmental change.Because behavioral traits are very labile,they provide a means of rapidly responding to environmental change(Sih et al.2011;Tuomainen and Candolin 2011).

关键词： al. selection threat

Responses to threat in a freshwater invader： longitudinal data reveal personality, habituation, and robustness to changing water temperatures in the ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus （Crustacea： Amphipoda）

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 45-51页

作者： Mark BRIFFA natalie JONES Calum MACNEIL Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University Plymouth PL4 8AA UK Department of Environment Food and Agriculture The Isle of Man GovernmentSt Johns IM4 3AS Isle of Man

Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are under threat from biological invasions. The "killer shrimp" is a highly predatory amphipod that has spread readily across Central Europe and recently the UK and its arrival has been associated with the significant loss of resident species. Despite this, studies of its behavioral ecology are sparse, even though its behavior may contribute to its invasion success. For the first time, we investigated antipredator "fleeing" behavior in and how this changed with water temperature. Three key patterns emerged from our analysis. First, within a particular temperature condition there are moderate but consistent among-individual differences in behavior. These are driven by a combination of mean level among-individual differences and within-individual relative consistency in behavior, and provide the key marker for animal personalities. Second, the fleeing responses were not influenced by temperature and third, regardless of temperature, all individuals appeared to habituate to a repeated nondangerous stimulus, indicating a capacity for individual learning. We suggest that the antipredator behavior of contributes to its rapid spread and that consistent among-individual differences in behavior may promote biological invasions across heterogeneous conditions. Robustness to changing water temperatures may also be potentially advantageous, particularly in an era of global climate change, where average temperatures could be elevated and less predictable.

关键词：温度条件鲁棒性水侵纵向数据反应威胁端足目甲壳纲

Revisiting HPV infection pattern among urban Indonesian women in general population and its implication on health burden:A cross-sectional analysis from Indonesian Noncommunicable Disease Research 2016

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第12期16卷 558-564,I0014页

作者： Frans Dany Kindi Adam Sarwo Handayani Holy Arif Wibowo Rita Marleta Dewi natalie Laurencia Kipuw Khariri Widoretno Center for Biomedical Research Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation AgencyJln Raya BogorKm 46Cibinong 16911West JavaIndonesia Health Policy Agency Ministry of HealthRepublic of IndonesiaJln Percetakan Negara No 23ACentral Jakarta 10560JakartaIndonesia Nottingham University NottinghamUnited Kingdom

Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.

关键词： Human papilloma virus HPV Infection pattern Urban women Indonesia

A case of gas gangrene in an immunosuppressed Crohn's patient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第33期17卷 3856-3858页

作者： natalie Kiel Vincent Ho Andrew Pascoe Department of Gastroenterology Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane4102 QueenslandAustralia

Clostridium septicum(C.septicum)gas gangrene is well documented in the literature,typically in the setting of trauma or immunosuppression.In this paper,we report a unique case of spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis in a patient with Crohn's disease and sulfasalazineinduced neutropenia.The patient presented with left thigh pain,vomiting and diarrhea.Blood tests demonstrated a profound neutropenia,and magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh confirmed extensive myonecrosis.The patient underwent emergency hip disarticulation,followed by hemicolectomy.C.septicum was cultured from the blood.Following completion of antibiotic therapy,the patient developed myonecrosis of the right pectoral muscle necessitating further debridement,and remains on lifelong prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

关键词：免疫抑制中性粒细胞抗生素治疗磁共振成像白血球髋关节预防性梭菌