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Conserving natural resources through food loss reduction: Production and consumption stages of the food supply chain

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 331-339页

作者： Shahla m.Wunderlich natalie m.martinez Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Montclair State UniversityNJUSA

Globally, attention has been drawn to the increasingly alarming rates of food loss and waste (FLW) along the food supply chain (FSC) and its contributions to the depletion of the natural resources and rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Within the past decade, discovery of the rippling impacts of this interrelationship has generated an increased sense of urgency in efforts amongst scholars, global leaders, government and non-government agencies to research, and formulate comprehensive plans and goals to address and reduce the rates of global FLW. Not only does FLW lessen the quantity of available food, but also, the availability of the many natural resources required to produce food. This will become an important factor when the world population increases by more than 30% by the year 2050. Although advances have been made, still 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year due to various underlying causes and challenges. This enormous quantity of wasted food also represents an increase in usage of natural resources. In the United States (U.S.), food and agriculture consume up to 16% of energy, almost half of the land, and account for 67% of the nation's freshwater use (NRDC, 2017). The rate of natural resource depletion is not sustainable, and it endangers the ecosystem. multiple reports have cited the first and last stages of the FSC as the most significant contributors of FLW and environmental resource depletion. This literature review attempts to provide a comprehensive assessment of the intricacies of the FSC, the multi-variable causes of global FLW at the production and consumption stages, its environmental implications and the necessary sustainability compliant actions.

关键词： Global sustainability Food loss and waste Food security Environmental impact Sustainable food future Food supply chain Natural resources

Therapeutic response in children with ADHD: role of observers and settings

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期16卷 314-321页

作者： Venkat Bhat Sarojini mSengupta natalie Grizenko Ridha Joober Douglas mental Health University Institute FBC Building6875 Boul.LaSalleVerdunQC H4H 1R3Canada Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoTorontoCanada Department of Psychiatry McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Human Genetics McGill UniversityMontrealCanada

Background This study aims at characterizing the extent of correlation of treatment response (TR) obtained in various observation settings (home,school,clinic) by different observers (parents,teachers,clinicians).methods Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) underwent a 2-week double-blind,randomized,cross-over clinical trial with methylphenidate and placebo,and various measures were obtained during the 2 *** of TR were examined using Pearson's correlation *** The study included 526 children (420 male,106 female) with *** between different observers shows a variable correlation between parents and *** correlation is seen between parents/teacher evaluation of TR and laboratory-based measures (Continuous Performance Task;Restricted Academic Situation Scale).Conclusion The results firmly support the need to synthesize information from many sources in evaluating TR in ADHD.

关键词： ADHD methylphenidate Parents Teachers Treatment response

Sexual selection and environmental change:what do we know and what comes next?

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 293-298页

作者： natalie Pilakouta murielle Aluimd School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243FXUK Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology Centre(EBC)Uppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18D 75236 UppsalaSweden

Anthropogenic environmental change is the most significant threat to biodiversity in the 21st *** populations are experiencing rapid changes in their biotic and abiotic environment,which impose novel selection pressures on organisms and increase the risk of population *** is thus a pressing need to understand what affects the capacity of populations to respond and adapt to environmental *** behavioral traits are very labile,they provide a means of rapidly responding to environmental change(Sih et al.2011;Tuomainen and Candolin 2011).

关键词： al. selection threat

Chemical Hide and Seek: Nematode’s Journey to Its Plant Host

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molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 541-543页

作者： natalie Hamada Henok Zemene Yimer Valerie m.Williamson Shahid Siddique Department of Entomology&Nematology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens,causing estimated damage of more than US$100 billion per *** expert-based assessment of crop health listed nematodes as among the most damaging pests and pathogens in potato,soybean,and wheat crops(Savary et al.,2019).most damage is caused by a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasitic nematodes including cyst nematodes and rootknot nematodes(RKNs).Second-stage juveniles(J2s)of plantparasitic nematodes hatch from eggs into the soil and localize to the roots of host *** success of these non-feeding J2s depends on their ability to locate and infect a suitable *** attraction of plant-parasitic nematodes to the host root has been a subject of study for the past 80 years following the pioneering research that demonstrated the attraction of RKN specifically toward root tips(Lindford,1939).Both volatile and soluble components in the rhizosphere have been shown to influence nematode movement.

关键词： soybean crops soil

An Ecological Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Exposure and Liver Cancer Incidence and mortality in Texas

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 99-105页

作者： Kevin m.Towle Stacey m.Benson natalie S.Egnot Gary m.marsh Cardno ChemRisk San FranciscoCAUSA Cardno ChemRisk PittsburghPAUSA

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the association between county-level ambient vinyl chloride(VC)and county-level liver cancer incidence and mortality rates in *** county-level ambient VC data were obtained from the National Air Toxics ***-adjusted county-level liver cancer incidence rates were abstracted from the Texas Cancer Registry and age-standardized county-level liver cancer mortality rates were obtained from the peer-reviewed *** imputation was utilized to impute incidence rates in counties with suppressed liver cancer incidence *** binomial and Poisson regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between county-level ambient VC and county-level liver cancer incidence and mortality rates,respectively,adjusted for county-level heavy drinking prevalence,hepatitis mortality rates,median income,and race(percent Hispanic).County-level ambient VC was not associated with county-level liver cancer incidence or mortality ***,when compared to the lowest tertile of ambient VC,the middle(relative risk[RR]:1.06,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.95-1.19)and highest(RR:1.03,95%CI:0.90-1.17)tertiles of ambient VC were not associated with liver cancer ***,county-level ambient VC in the middle(RR:0.95,95%CI:0.85-1.05)and highest(RR:0.93,95%CI:0.82-1.05)tertiles were not associated with liver cancer *** analysis suggests that county-level ambient VC is not associated with liver cancer incidence or mortality in *** study provides novel results regarding liver cancer risk from low-level non-occupational exposure to ambient VC.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Liver cancer Epidemiology Incidence

Artificial gut and the applications in poultry:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 156-166页

作者： Nishchal K.Sharma Shu-Biao Wu natalie K.morgan Tamsyn m.Crowley School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia ImPACT School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoria3217Australia

Artificial gut models including both the gastric and intestinal phases have been used in poultry research for decades to predict the digestibility of nutrients,the efficacy of feed enzymes and additives,and caecal ***,the models used in the past are static and cannot be used to predict interactions between the feed,gut environment and *** is imperative that a standard artificial gut model for poultry is established,to enable these interactions to be examined without continual reliance on *** ensure the validity of an artificial model,it should be validated with in vivo *** review describes current practices in the use of artificial guts in research,their importance in poultry nutrition studies and highlights an opportunity to develop a dynamic gut model for poultry to reduce the number of in vivo experiments.

关键词： Artificial gut Gastrointestinal tract In vitro experiment Poultry Simulated gut

Comparison of Diaton transpalpebral tonometer with applanation tonometry in keratoconus

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 395-398页

作者： Robert PL Wisse natalie Peeters Saskia m Imhof Allegonda van der Lelij Utrecht Corneal Research Group Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands

AIm： To Investigate the added value of using a Diaton transpalpebral tonometer （DT） to measure lOP in keretoconus. most type of tonometers use corneal applanation or biomechanical resistance to measure intraocular pressure （lOP）; however, these factors can be altered by keratoconus. Specifically, we examined whether DT can detect false-negative low Goldmann applanation tonometry （AT） measurements. mETHODS： Patients with keratoconus were recruited from our tertiary academic treatment center. measurements included AT and DT （in random order） and Scheimpflug imaging. An age- and gender-matched group of control subjects with no history of corneal disease or glaucoma was also recruited. RESULTS： In total, 130 eyes from 66 participants were assessed. In the keratoconus group, mean AT was 11.0± 2.6, mean DT 11±5.5 （P =0.729）and the two measures were correlated significantly（P=0.006, R=0.323）. However, a Bland-Altman plot revealed a wide distribution and poor agreement between both measurements. Previous corneal crosslinking, corneal pachymetry, and Krumeich classification had no effect on measured IOP. CONCLUSION： measurements obtained using a Diaton tonometer are not affected by corneal biomechanics; however, its poor agreement with Goldmann AT values calls into question the added value of using a Diaton tonometer to measure lOP in keratoconus.

关键词： Diaton Goldmann applanation tonometry transpalpebral tonometry keratoconus Bland-Altman plot

Abductive statistical methods improve the results of calibration curve bioassays:An example of determining zinc bioavailability in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 294-304页

作者： Gene m.Pesti Lynne Billard Shu-Biao Wu Robert A.Swick Thi Thanh Hoai Nguyen natalie morgan The University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia The University of Georgia AthensGA30602USA

In this paper,we discuss the theory behind calibration curve experiments and their application to a zinc(Zn)bioavailability study with broiler *** replicates of 16 male commercial broiler chicks were fed starter diets for 14 *** diets had different levels of a potential Zn source and one was a positive control with standard industry levels of Zn for *** commonly used methods of calculating bioavailability means and confidence intervals(CI)from a calibration curve(standard curve)experiment to estimate the bioavailability of a new zinc source in broiler chickens were *** methods compared were the following:1)the Counter-Intuitive method uses a multiple-range test to compare unknown test and standard samples;2)the Intuitive method uses standard linear regression and inverts the equation to predict Zn bioavailability for each replicate of test samples;3)the Abductive method uses Graybill's Equation,based on theory and observation,to estimate CI's;and 4)the Sophistic method uses reverse regression,and calculates Zn bioavailability values directly from the *** Counter-Intuitive method only gives information about which standards the test samples are,or are not,significantly different from respectively(average available Zn not predicted).The Intuitive method ignores error about the standard curve and theoretically cannot estimate the CI directly(X±SEm=107.5±15.8 mg Zn/kg).The Sophistic method underestimates and overestimates the test sample mean values above and below the mean of the standards,respectively(X=96.6 mg Zn/kg).The Abductive method has an advantage over the other methods:The mean prediction estimation is consistent with theory(107.5±6.1 mg Zn/kg;X±SEm).When test or“unknown”samples are near the mean of the standard samples,the CI is smaller than when near the extremes of the calibration *** calibration curve error is small(R^(2)>approximately 0.95),there is little advantage to using the Abductive method,but wh

关键词： Calibration curve Standard curve Confidence interval Bioavailability

Collection,curation and the use of humidification to restore nest shape in a research museum bird nest collection

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 399-411页

作者： Tonya m.Haff natalie Tees Kathryn Wood E.margaret Cawsey Leo Joseph Clare E.Holleley Australian National Wildlife Collection National Research Collections AustraliaCSIROGPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

Background:Bird nests are an important part of avian *** are a powerful tool for studying not only the birds that built them,but a wide array of topics ranging from parasitology,urbanisation and climate change to *** this,bird nests tend to be underrepresented in natural history collections,a problem that should be redressed through renewed focus by collecting ***:Here we outline the history and current best practice collection and curatorial methods for the nest col-lection of the Australian National Wildlife Collection(ANWC).We also describe an experiment conducted on nests in the ANWC using ultrasonic humidification to restore the shape of nests damaged by inappropriate ***:The experiment showed that damaged nests can be successfully reshaped to close to their original ***,restored nests were significantly closer to their original shape than they were prior to ***,even nests damaged by years of neglect may be fully incorporated into active research *** practice techniques include extensive note taking and photography in the field,subsampling of nests that cannot or should not be collected,appropriate field storage,metadata management,and prompt treatment upon arrival at the collec-tion ***:Renewed focus on nest collections should include appropriate care and restoration of current col-lections,as well as expansion to redress past *** could include collaboration with researchers studying or monitoring avian nesting ecology,and nest collection after use in bird species that rebuild anew each nesting *** expansion of museum nest collections will allow researchers and natural history collections to fully realise the scientific potential of these complex and beautiful specimens.

关键词： Best practice Bird Curation Nest Nest shape Natural history collection Humidification Object restoration Preservation