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Dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide level and xylanase supplementation influence performance,egg quality and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed wheat-based diets

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 512-520页

作者： Xa H.Nguyen Hong T.Nguyen natalie k.morgan University of New England School of Environmental and Rural ScienceArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide(sNSP)content and xylanase supplementation on production performance,egg quality parameters,and nutrient di-gestibility in Hy-line Brown layers from 25 to 32 wk of age.A total of 144 Hy-line Brown laying hens(25 wk of age)were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 wheat-based dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial experimental design,with 36 replicates of individual hens per *** diets were formulated to contain either a high or low sNSP level(at 13.3 or 10.8 g/kg)and were supplemented with either 0 or 12,000 BXU/kg exogenous *** were fed these treatment diets for an 8-wk period,and hen production perfor-mance,including daily egg production,average egg weight,daily egg mass,feed conversion ratio and pro-portion of dirty and abnormal eggs were measured at bird age 25 to 28 wk and 29 to 32 *** interaction between sNSP content of the diet and xylanase supplementation was observed on daily egg production from 25 to 28 wk of age(P-0.018);birds fed the high sNSP diet without xylanase had lower egg production than those fed any other *** interaction between the 2 dietary factors was also observed on hen weight gain at 29 to 32 wk of age(P=0.014),with birds fed the low sNSP diet with 12,000 BXU/kg xylanase presenting greater weight gain compared to those fed the high sNSP diet with 12,000 BXU/kg *** intake at 29 to 32 wk of age was reduced by xylanase supplementation(P=0.047).Xylanase supplemen-tation also increased yolk colour score at both 28 and 32 wk of age,and decreased yolk weight at 32 wk of age(P-0.014,0.037 and 0.013,respectively).Birds fed the low sNSP diet presented lower protein digestibility(P-0.024)than those fed the high sNSP ***,birds fed high sNSP presented higher shell reflectivity at both 28 and 32 wk of age(P-0.05 and 0.036,respectively).The influence of duration of feeding the treatment diets on egg quality was also

关键词： Soluble NSP Xylanase Laying hen Production performance Egg quality

Cassava:Nutrient composition and nutritive value in poultry diets

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第4期2卷 253-261页

作者： natalie k.morgan Mingan Choct School of Environmental&Rural Science University of New England

Insufficient supply, high prices and competition with the human food and biofuel industries means there is a continuous demand for alternative energy sources for poultry. As a result, cassava is becoming an increasingly important ingredient in poultry diets, largely due to its high availability. Efficient use of cassava products has been shown to reduce feed costs of poultry production. The utilisation of cassava is,however, limited by a number of factors, including its high fibre and low energy content and the presence of anti-nutritional factors, primarily hydrocyanic acid(HCN). With correct processing the inclusion level of cassava in poultry diets could be increased. Extensive research has been conducted on cassava products for poultry, but there is still a lack of consistency amongst the measured nutritive values for cassava and its products, hence variation exists in results from poultry studies. This paper reviews the nutrient composition of cassava products and its value as an alternative energy source in poultry diets.

关键词： Cassava Broiler Layer Alternative energy Nutrition Manihot esculenta

Artificial gut and the applications in poultry:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 156-166页

作者： Nishchal k.Sharma Shu-Biao Wu natalie k.morgan Tamsyn M.Crowley School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia IMPACT School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoria3217Australia

Artificial gut models including both the gastric and intestinal phases have been used in poultry research for decades to predict the digestibility of nutrients,the efficacy of feed enzymes and additives,and caecal ***,the models used in the past are static and cannot be used to predict interactions between the feed,gut environment and *** is imperative that a standard artificial gut model for poultry is established,to enable these interactions to be examined without continual reliance on *** ensure the validity of an artificial model,it should be validated with in vivo *** review describes current practices in the use of artificial guts in research,their importance in poultry nutrition studies and highlights an opportunity to develop a dynamic gut model for poultry to reduce the number of in vivo experiments.

关键词： Artificial gut Gastrointestinal tract In vitro experiment Poultry Simulated gut

The flow of non-starch polysaccharides along the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maize-based diet

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 138-142页

作者： Eunjoo kim natalie k.morgan Amy FMoss Lily Li Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF South East Asia 038987Singapore BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased ***-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/*** were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP *** wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 *** analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble *** were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by ***,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(Pked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.

关键词： Broiler chickens Soluble fibre Insoluble fibre Non-starch polysaccharides

Characterisation of undigested components throughout the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maizebased diet

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 153-159页

作者： Eunjoo kim natalie k.morgan Amy F.Moss Lily Li Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia BASF South East Asia038987Singapore BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive ***-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d *** of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 *** of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet *** average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 *** quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(Pkg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of *** this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.

关键词： Broiler chicken Nutrient digestibility Undigested dietary component

Effect of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans on net energy and nutrient utilization in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 56-62页

作者： natalie k.morgan Chake keerqin Andrew Wallace Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct University of New England School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England School of Science & Technology

Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to *** parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic a

关键词： Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides Xylanase Broilers Prebiotic

Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis:Part *** mineralization and litter quality

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 142-151页

作者： Holy k.Zanu Sarbast k.kheravii natalie k.morgan Michael R.Bedford Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

This study was conducted to determine the effect of necrotic enteritis(NE),phytase level and meat and bone meal(MBM)processing on bone mineralization of broilers and litter *** 308 male broiler chicks(n=768)were allotted to 48 pens with 16 birds *** were 8 dietary treatments in a 2×2×2 factorial *** were NE challenge(no or yes),phytase level(500 or 5,000 FTU/kg),and MBM(as-received or over-processed).Half of the birds were challenged with field strains of Eimeria *** d 9 and 108 CFU per mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and *** middle toe,tibia and femur of 2 birds per pen were excised at d 16 and 29 for determination of ash,breaking strength(BS)and bone *** d 42,all were assessed for hock burns and litter was scored and assessed for dry matter(DM).At d 16,challenged birds had lower toe ash(Pk(Pk burns than those unchallenged(Pk burns may be lower under NE in-cidences due to lower livability of birds reducing litter wetness.

关键词： Bone mineralization Litter quality Meat and bone meal Necrotic enteritis Phytase

Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes may improve performance when included in wheat- but not maize-based diets fed to broiler chickens under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 54-67页

作者： Eunjoo kim Amy F.Moss natalie k.morgan kosar Gharib-Naseri Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mixed-sex broiler chickens were assigned to 16 experimental treatments as a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement of *** factors were the following:NE challenge,yes or no;diet type,wheat-or maize-based;and enzyme supplementation,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Each treatment was replicated 6 times,with 16 birds per replicate pen.A three-way challenge×diet type×enzyme interaction occurred for body weight at 21 d of age(P=0.025)and overall feed conversion ratio(P=0.001).In the non-challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet,supplementing MAN increased d 21 body weight compared to the *** challenged birds fed the maize-based diet,supplemental XYN11 impeded body weight and overall FCR compared to the *** offered the maize-based diet presented heavier relative gizzard weights at both 16 and 21 d of age(P<0.001)and reduced liveability(P=0.046)compared to those fed the wheatbased *** supplementation reduced ileal and jejunal digesta viscosity at 16 d of age only in birds fed the wheat-based diet(P<0.001).XYN11 increased ileal digesta viscosity in birds fed the maizebased diet,and MAN reduced it in birds fed the wheat-based diet at 21 d of age(P=0.030).Supplementing XYN11 improved ileal soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)digestibility in birds fed the wheat-based diet compared to non-supplemented birds(P<0.001).Birds fed the wheat-based diet displayed a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and butyric acid in the caeca at 16 d of age compared to birds fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplemental XYN11 exacerbated the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds fed the maizebased *** wheat-based diets with

关键词： Broiler chicken Carbohydrase Mannanase Necrotic enteritis Prebiotic oligosaccharides Xylanase

Ileal profile of non-starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in response to exogenous enzymes in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 207-215页

The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was *** were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight *** NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight *** NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the *** NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet *** the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based *** soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with ***,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide ***,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet

关键词： Broiler chicken Non-starch polysaccharide Subclinical necrotic enteritis Oligosaccharide