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Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Practices in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 57-72页

作者： Khalid mahmood Razia Fatima Aashifa Yaqoob Faheem Jan Zia Samad Mahboob Ul Haq National Tuberculosis Control Program Islamabad Pakistan

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major killer diseases among infectious diseases. The success of TB control depends on the capability of the health care system to detect and accurately manage TB cases. Tuberculosis in children remained a low public health priority with limited epidemiologic studies. Struggles for TB control in children need to be enhanced as children are providing the reservoir for future cases to develop. Objectives: The study evaluated diagnostic and treatment practices related to childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on retrospective record review of childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients registered in the year 2020 with self-administered questionnaire. Results: Data of 557 childhood cases were collected. Most childhood cases were in age group 1 - 4 years (54%) with male predominance. More than 90% were diagnosed and treated at public sector facilities. 99% of the cases were clinically diagnosed with passive case finding. Cough was considered as a symptom of childhood Tuberculosis (TB) by 94% of physicians. Other important features included failure to thrive (13%), contact with a family history of TB (15%), Malnutrition(24%) and respiratory signs (21%). 99% physicians advised chest X-ray, Complete blood count (CBC) (95%) and Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) (72%) for diagnosis and fewer physicians (2%) used sputum smear microscopy and induced sputum (0.1%). Combining data on dosage, frequency and duration for drugs, 99% of the cases were found receiving correct regimen. The treatment outcomes of the cases were cured 4 (0.8%), treatment completed 551 (99.3%) and died 2 (0.4%) with no lost to follow up. Conclusions: The study highlights inappropriate diagnostic and treatment practices for managing childhood pulmonary TB among physicians in public and private sectors of Gilgit Baltistan. Most of the cases are managed by general practitioners with no

关键词： Childhood Tuberculosis Management Respiratory Signs

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The Current Conservation Efforts and Future Prospects for the Endangered Nubian Ibex (Capra nubiana ibex) in Sudan

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 39-62页

作者： Lubna Mohammed Abdallah Hassan Mutasim Essa Abdallah Adam Latifa Altigani Adam Abakar nasir Yousif Gaboush Brema Wildlife Research Center Animal Resource Research Corporation Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries Bahri Sudan Sudanese Wildlife Society Bahri Khartoum Sudan Department of Wildlife—Central Darfur State Faculty of Forestry Sciences University of Zalingei Zalingei Sudan

A comprehensive action plan for the conservation of the endangered species, the Nubian ibex in Sudan, can be developed by gaining a thorough understanding of their current status, conservation strategy, and relevant laws and regulations, as well as raising awareness about the importance of protecting endangered species. The Nubian ibex is listed as an endangered species on The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, highlighting the need for further research on population conservation efforts due to insufficient population data. To address this knowledge gap, a questionnaire was conducted with various stakeholders, including police officers, researchers, and lecturers, representing a diverse range of organizations and universities. The findings revealed that hunting is the primary factor contributing to endangerment. Mammals account for 80% of endangered species, while reptiles comprise less than one-tenth. Research centers are recognized as the main governing body, and 85% of participants are concerned about the declining population. Hunting accounted for less than half of the threats to the ibex population in Sudan, while habitat loss made up a quarter. Mining, climate change, human activity, and agriculture were also identified as risks. However, there were no plans, strategies, procedures, or measures in place to conserve the Nubian ibex. There were also no initiatives to preserve its biodiversity, and awareness about endangered species was lacking. Although participants believed that laws were effective in protecting the ibex, no licenses were issued for its conservation, and annual surveys were not conducted. Additionally, there were no recorded instances of Mukhalfat related to the Nubian ibex. In light of these findings, we propose various conservation measures to address these challenges. These measures include the implementation of laws and regulations, conducting annual surveys to monitor population trends, protecting habitats, est

关键词： Nubian Ibex Sudan Endangered Species Conservation Status Law Regulations Awareness

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Utero-Cutaneous Fistula after Caesarean Section Delivery: Diagnosis and Management of a Rare Complication

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1124-1129页

作者： Aalaa A. Wahab Marzooq Maryam Mohamed mahmood Hiba Moayad Saeed Rabab Mustafa Mohamed Khalafalla Salmaniya Medical Complex Manama Bahrain

Utero-cutaneous fistula following cesarean section is a rare occurrence. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who presented to our department four years after her second cesarean section with a history of pain and blood discharge from a previous Pfannenstiel incision, during menstruation, with an absence of vaginal menstrual flow. Despite a prior surgical repair operation, her symptoms persisted. A pelvic MRI was done to confirm the diagnosis of utero-cutaneous fistula, and surgical management was pursued. This case report aims to contribute to the existing literature on utero-cutaneous fistula and provide insights into the diagnostic considerations and management strategies for this rare complication.

关键词： Cesarean Section Uterocutaneous Fistula Complication Uterus

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Assessment of Appropriateness of Diagnostic Lymph Node Tissue Collection from the Operating Theater and by Interventional Radiologist. A Clinical Audit

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 541-548页

作者： Kowthar Salman Hassan Divya Deodhar Abdullah T. Al-Rawahi mahmood H. Al Abri Department of Medicine Infectious Diseases Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman Department of Infection Control Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman

Background: Appropriate sample requesting, collecting and timely dispatch to the appropriate laboratory is essential in establishing diagnosis of pathologies with lesions. Much time and effort may be wasted if this is not done according to certain standards. We conducted this study to assess the route of lymph node samples from requests to reaching the laboratories. Methods: We conducted an audit over a period from 4th June until 10th Aug 2023. Data for all the procedures performed over this period on lymph node samples (was entered into and analysed using Excel. Results: A total of eighteen samples for sixteen patients were obtained during this period. Median age of the patients was 34 years (19 - 73) with a M:F ratio of 5:11. Among the IR samples, nine samples were from the neck, three from inguinal area and one from axilla. Seven samples (53.8%) were tru-cut biopsies, six samples (46.15%) were FNA. All samples were sent to the pathology laboratory fixed in formalin. Samples for TB were sent only for five cases (31.25%) and for only two cases (12.5%) were samples sent for bacterial culture. For the OR samples, none were sent for either bacterial culture or TB. Overall, eight patients (50%) were not investigated for any infectious etiologies like brucella, toxoplasmosis, CMV, EBV plus other possible causes. Repeat sampling was required for 25% of patients (within and out of the audit period). Conclusions: to avoid delays in making diagnoses, it is paramount to consider infectious etiologies as possible diagnosis for lymphadenopathy and request appropriate investigations. This requires liaising with infectious diseases/clinical microbiology experts to guide regarding types of samples, types of media and timely dispatch to the correct laboratory.

关键词： Clinical Audit Clinical Samples Biopsies Lymph Nodes Saline Formalin Quality Improvement

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Plasma-enhanced interfacial engineering of FeSiAl@PUA@SiO_(2)hybrid for efficient microwave absorption and anti-corrosion

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 645-653页

作者： Hongyan Zhang Feng Cao Hui Xu Wei Tian Ying Pan nasir.mahmood Xian Jian School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001China Department of Engineering Technology Huzhou CollegeHuzhou 313000China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3001Australia

Microwave absorption materials are prone to degradation in extremely humid and salty environments,and it is still challenging to develop a dense and firm interface to protect microwave ***,a robust FeSiAl@PUA@SiO2(PUA:acrylic polyurethane)gradient hybrid was prepared through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)to achieve efficient microwave absorption and anti-corrosion *** organic/inorganic dual coat of PUA/SiO2 not only facilitated the interface polarization but also effectively reduced the dielectric constant and optimized impedance *** to the unique hybrid structure,the(PECVD-FeSiAl@PUA)@SiO_(2) exhibited highly efficient microwave absorbing performance in frequency bands covering almost the entire Ku-bands(12-18 GHz)with a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of−47 dB with a matching thickness of 2.3 *** organic/inorganic dual protection effectively shields against the corrosive medium,as the corrosion potential and the polarization resistance increased from−0.167 to−0.047 V and 8,064 to 16,273Ω·cm^(2),*** the corrosion current decreased from 3.04×10^(−6) to 2.16×10^(−6) A/cm^(2).Hence,the plasma-enhanced densification of PUA created a strong bridge to integrate FeSiAl and organic/inorganic components acquiring dual-function of efficient microwave absorption and anticorrosion,which opened a promising platform for potential practical absorbers.

关键词： FeSiAl polyurethane acrylic inorganic/organic interface microwave absorption anti-corrosion

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Flexible carbon fiber-based composites for electromagnetic interference shielding

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Rare Metals 2022年第11期41卷 3612-3629页

作者： Hong-Yan Zhang Jin-Yao Li Ying Pan Yi-Fan Liu nasir.mahmood Xian Jian School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001China RMIT University School of EngineeringMelbourneVic3001Australia

With the rapid development of electronic information technology,the waste electromagnetic radiation generated by the wireless and various other electronic devices has caused serious harm to human *** development of high-efficiency flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials has become one of the most effective ways to mitigate the increasingly serious problem of electromagnetic *** carbon fiber composites possess most of the physical requirements needed for EMI shielding applications,including high electrical conductivity,large specific surface area,light weight,flexibility,porous structure,and adjustable physical and chemical properties,and various morphology of carbon fibers-based composites applied *** this review,the primary EMI shielding mechanism of carbonfiber-based materials is *** carbon fiber suffers from a low absorption efficiency when used for EMI shielding by itself,it is usually combined with additional EMI filling ***,the methods of adding EMI filler materials to the carbon fiber framework and the influence of different fillers on the EMI shielding performance are also *** addition,the novel structural designs of flexible carbon fiber-based EMI shielding materials,including fiber orientation,core-shell structure,and multilayer heterostructure,are summarized in terms of their classification,which includes composites with metal,polymer,nano-carbon,and *** review concludes with a brief discussion of the challenges,research directions,and future prospects of carbon-fiber-based EMI shielding materials.

关键词： Carbon fibers Electromagnetic interference shielding Flexible Composites

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Role of viruses in periodontitis:An extensive review of herpesviruses,human immunodeficiency virus,coronavirus-19,papillomavirus and hepatitis viruses

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 7-23页

作者： Mohammed Khalid mahmood Mohammed Taib Fatih Handren Ameer Kurda Nwsiba Khalid mahmood Farman Uthman Shareef Hemin Faraidun Herve Tassery Delphine Tardivo Romain Lan Zana Fuad Noori Balen Hamid Qadir Arman Dlshad Hassan Aix-Marseille University CNRSEFSADESMarseille 13000France College of Dentistry Komar University of Science and technologySulaimani 46001Iraq College of Dentistry Sulaimani UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biology College of ScienceSulaimani UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of ScienceCharmo UniversityChamchamal/Sulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biology University of FreiburgMina BiotechFreiburg 79098Germany Department of Odontology Timone HospitalAix Marseille UniversityAPHMMarseille 13000FranceLBN LaboratoryMontpellier 34000France Department of Odontology Timone HospitalAix Marseille UniversityAPHMCNRSEFSADESMarseille 13000France Department of Dentistry American University of Sulaimani Iraq AUISSulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biomedical Science University of DenverDenverCO 80014United States

Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the *** microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal *** the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by ***,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial ***,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome *** global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the *** the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by *** review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.

关键词： Virus Periodontitis Bacteria Herpesvirus Herpes simplex virus Varicella-zoster virus Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Human papillomaviruses SARS-CoV-2 Human immunodeficiency virus

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宫腔镜联合CD138及子宫内膜微生态检测对慢性子宫内膜炎的诊断价值

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河南外科学杂志 2024年第2期30卷 20-23页

作者： mahmood Aamir 张洁谭丽郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部郑州450014

目的探讨宫腔镜联合白细胞分化抗原138(CD138)及子宫内膜微生态检测对慢性子宫内膜炎(CE)的诊断价值。方法纳入2020-06—2023-05郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部收治的行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)失败的541例患者,A组(101例)行宫腔镜联... 详细信息

目的探讨宫腔镜联合白细胞分化抗原138(CD138)及子宫内膜微生态检测对慢性子宫内膜炎(CE)的诊断价值。方法纳入2020-06—2023-05郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部收治的行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)失败的541例患者,A组(101例)行宫腔镜联合CD138及子宫内膜微生物组群检查,B组(240例)行宫腔镜联合CD138,C组(200例)行宫腔镜检查。分析三种检查方法对CE的诊断价值。结果A组、B组、C组CE的检出率分别为74.26%、62.50%、51.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组宫腔镜的漏诊率为16.67%,B组的漏诊率为9.90%。三联诊断的准确率高于三者单独诊断与二联诊断(P<0.05)。结论宫腔镜联合CD138与子宫内膜微生物组群检测,能提高IVF-ET失败患者的CE检出率,降低漏诊率,并指导临床精准治疗。

关键词：体外受精-胚胎移植宫腔镜白细胞分化抗原138 子宫内膜微生物组群

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Atomic-Scale Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Fe SiAl@ZnO@Al_(2)O_(3) Hybrid with Threshold Anti-Corrosion and Ultra-High Microwave Absorption Properties in Low-Frequency Bands

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第10期13卷 308-321页

作者： Wei Tian Jinyao Li Yifan Liu Rashad Ali Yang Guo Longjiang Deng nasir.mahmood Xian Jian National Engineering Researching Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials Key Laboratory of Multi-Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China School of Electronic Science and Engineering The Yangtze Delta Region Institute HuzhouUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001People’s Republic of China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Panzhihua UniversityPanzhihua 617000People’s Republic of China School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia

Developing highly efficient magnetic microwave absorb-ers(MAs)is crucial,and yet challenging for anti-corrosion properties in extremely humid and salt-induced foggy ***,a dual-oxide shell of ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3) as a robust barrier to FeSiAl core is introduced to mitigate corrosion *** FeSiAl@ZnO@Al_(2)O_(3) layer by layer hybrid structure is realized with atomic-scale precision through the atomic layer deposition *** to the unique hybrid structure,the FeSiAl@ZnO@Al_(2)O_(3) exhibits record-high micro-wave absorbing performance in low-frequency bands covering L and S bands with a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-50.6 dB at 3.4 *** with pure FeSiAl(RLmin of-13.5 dB,a bandwidth of 0.5 GHz),the RLmin value and effective bandwidth of this designed novel absorber increased up to~3.7 and~3 times,***-thermore,the inert ceramic dual-shells have improved 9.0 times the anti-corrosion property of FeSiAl core by multistage barriers towards corrosive medium and obstruction of the electric *** is attributed to the large charge transfer resistance,increased impedance modulus|Z|0.01 Hz,and frequency time constant of FeSiAl@ZnO@Al_(2)O_(3).The research demonstrates a promising platform toward the design of next-generation MAs with improved anti-corrosion properties.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition Magnetic alloy Dual-oxide-shells Microwave absorption Anti-corrosion

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Short Communication: Enhancing the Drying Process of Microbial-Based Products with a Dehumidifier

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第6期14卷 333-339页

作者： Nor Hidayah Bohari Elya Masya Mohd Fishal Ili Bazilah Abd Razak Muhammad Ashraf Arif Mohd nasir Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal Abidin Crop Protection and Biosolutions Department FGV R&D Sdn Bhd Bandar Enstek Malaysia

The development of microbial-based products requires certain criteria for them to be successfully commercialized. The product must meet the following desirable criteria: effectiveness, contamination free, stability, cost-effectiveness, and a prolonged shelf life. Controlling the drying process is crucial for ensuring the stability and durability of the product. The traditional approach, which involved mechanical and natural drying, led to decreased productivity and quality. The objective of this research endeavour was to achieve a dry process enhancement while preserving the microbial quality of Trichoderma asperellum (M103). The temperature and relative humidity during the drying period were monitored under two conditions: with and without a dehumidifier. The results demonstrate that the dehumidifier increases drying period efficiency by up to 63%.

关键词： Dehumidifier Drying Relative Humidity Microbial-Based Product

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