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Mathematical modeling and optimal intervention of COVID-19 outbreak

Quantitative Biology 2021年第1期9卷 84-92页

作者： Saroj K Biswas nasir u ahmed Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19122USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of OttawaOttawaK1N 6N5Canada

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has become a formidable threat to global health and *** coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 is known to spread by human-to-human transmission,and in about 40%cases,the exposed individuals are asymptomatic which makes it difficult to contain the ***:This paper presents a modified SEIR epidemiological model and uses concepts of optimal control theory for analysis of the effects of intervention methods of the *** the pandemic intervention problem can be viewed as a mathematical optimization problem as there are contradictory outcomes in terms of reduced infection and fatalities but with serious economic ***:Concepts of optimal control theory have been used to determine the optimal control(intervention)levels of i)social contact mitigation and suppression,and ii)pharmaceutical intervention modalities,with minimum impacts on the *** results show that with optimal intervention policies,there is a significant reduction in the number of infections and *** computed optimum intervention policy also provides a timeline of systematic enforcement and relaxation of stay-at-home regulations,and an estimate of the peak time and number of hospitalized critical care ***:The proposed method could be used by local and state governments in planning effective strategies in combating the *** optimum intervention policy provides the necessary lead time to establish necessary field hospitals before getting overwhelmed by new patient *** results also allow the local and state governments to relax social contact suppression guidelines in an orderly manner without triggering a second wave.

关键词： coronavirus COVID-19 SEIR model epidemic model optimization

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Effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第2期20卷 205-213页

作者： Fareed ahmed Memon Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin nasir Shafiq Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMehran University of Engineering and Technology

The effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete （SCGC） was investigated in this paper. The work focused on the concrete mixes with a fixed water-to-geopolymer solid （W/Gs） ratio of 0.33 by mass and a constant total binder content of 400 kg/m3. The mass fractions of silica fume that replaced fly ash in this research were 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt%. The workability-related fresh properties of SCGC were assessed through slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test methods. Hardened concrete tests were limited to compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, all of which were measured at the age of 1, 7, and 28 d after 48-h oven curing. The results indicate that the addition of silica fume as a partial replacement of fly ash results in the loss of workability; nevertheless, the mechanical properties of hardened SCGC are significantly improved by incorporating silica fume, especially up to 10wt%. Applying this percentage of silica fume results in 4.3% reduction in the slump flow; however, it increases the compressive strength by 6.9%, tensile strength by 12.8% and flexural strength by 11.5%.

关键词： geopolymer concrete silica fume fresh properties compressive strength tensile strength flexural strength

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SAPEM: Secure Attestation of Program Execution and Program Memory for IoT Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 23-49页

作者： Nasa ahmed Manar Abu Talib Qassim nasir Research Institute of Science and Engineering University of SharjahSharjahUAE Department of Computer Science University of SharjahSharjahUAE Department of Electrical Engineering University of SharjahSharjahUAE

Security is one of the major challenges that devices connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)face *** attestation is used to measure these devices’trustworthiness on the network by measuring the device platform’s *** software-based attestation mechanisms have been proposed,but none of them can detect runtime *** some researchers have attempted to tackle these attacks,the proposed techniques require additional secured hardware parts to be integrated with the attested devices to achieve their *** solutions are expensive and not suitable in many *** paper proposes a dual attestation process,SAPEM,with two phases:static and *** static attestation phase examines the program memory of the attested *** dynamic program ow attestation examines the execution correctness of the application *** can detect code injection and runtime attacks that hijack the control-ow,including data attacks that affect the program *** main aim is to minimize attestation overhead while maintaining our ability to detect the specied *** validated SAPEM by implementing it on Raspberry Pi using its TrustZone *** attested it against the specied attacks and compared its performance with the related work in the *** results show that SAPEM signicantly minimizes performance overhead while reliably detecting runtime attacks at the binary level.

关键词： IoT remote attestation runtime attacks trust TrustZone security

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Influence of thyroid volume reduction on absorbed dose in ^(131)I therapy studied by using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第5期38卷 62-68页

作者： Ziaur Rahman Sikander M Mirza Waheed Arshed nasir M Mirza Waheed ahmed Health Physics Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

A simulation study has been performed to quantify the effect of volume reduction on the thyroid absorbed dose per decay and to investigate the variation of energy deposition per decay due to β- and γ-activity of 131I with volume/mass of thyroid, for water, ICRP- and ICRu-soft tissue taken as thyroid material. A Monte Carlo model of the thyroid, in the Geant4 radiation transport simulation toolkit was constructed to compute the β- and γ-absorbed dose in the simulated thyroid phantom for various values of its volume. The effect of the size and shape of the thyroid on energy deposition per decay has also been studied by using spherical, ellipsoidal and cylindrical models for the thyroid and varying its volume in 1-25 cm3 range. The relative differences of Geant4 results for different models with each other and MCNP results lie well below 1.870%. The maximum relative difference among the Geant4 estimated results for water with ICRP and ICRu soft tissues is not more than 0.225%. S-values for ellipsoidal, spherical and cylindrical thyroid models were estimated and the relative difference with published results lies within 3.095%. The absorbed fraction values for beta particles show a good agreement with published values within 2.105% deviation. The Geant4 based simulation results of absorbed fractions for gammas again show a good agreement with the corresponding MCNP and EGS4 results （±6.667%） but have 29.032% higher values than that of MIRD calculated values. Consistent with previous studies, the reduction of the thyroid volume is found to have a substantial effect on the absorbed dose. Geant4 simulations confirm dose dependence on the volume/mass of thyroid in agreement with MCNP and EGS4 computed values but are substantially different from MIRD8 data. Therefore, inclusion of size/mass dependence is indicated for 131I radiotherapy of the thyroid.

关键词： mean absorbed dose rate Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation and 131I therapy

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Data-Driven Decision-Making for Bank Target Marketing using Supervised Learning Classifiers on Imbalanced Big Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 1703-1728页

作者： Fahim nasir Abdulghani Ali ahmed Mehmet Sabir Kiraz Iryna Yevseyeva Mubarak Saif School of Computer Science and Informatics De Montfort UniversityLeicesterLE19BHUK Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaJohor86400Malaysia

Integrating machine learning and data mining is crucial for processing big data and extracting valuable insights to enhance ***,imbalanced target variables within big data present technical challenges that hinder the performance of supervised learning classifiers on key evaluation metrics,limiting their overall *** study presents a comprehensive review of both common and recently developed Supervised Learning Classifiers(SLCs)and evaluates their performance in data-driven *** evaluation uses various metrics,with a particular focus on the Harmonic Mean Score(F-1 score)on an imbalanced real-world bank target marketing *** findings indicate that grid-search random forest and random-search random forest excel in Precision and area under the curve,while Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)outperforms other traditional classifiers in terms of F-1 *** oversampling methods to address the imbalanced data shows significant performance improvement in XGBoost,delivering superior results across all metrics,particularly when using the SMOTE variant known as the BorderlineSMOTE2 *** study concludes several key factors for effectively addressing the challenges of supervised learning with imbalanced *** factors include the importance of selecting appropriate datasets for training and testing,choosing the right classifiers,employing effective techniques for processing and handling imbalanced datasets,and identifying suitable metrics for performance ***,factors also entail the utilisation of effective exploratory data analysis in conjunction with visualisation techniques to yield insights conducive to data-driven decision-making.

关键词： Big data machine learning data mining data visualization label encoding imbalanced dataset sampling techniques

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Cross-sectional prevalence and pattern of non-anaemia severe malaria among 2–10 year olds in Sokoto in Northwestern Nigeria

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Frontiers of Medicine 2022年第6期16卷 969-974页

作者： usman nasir Nakakana Ridwan Muhammad Jega Aliyu Mamman Nauzo Yahya Mohammed Ismaila Mohammed ahmed Medical Research Council The Gambia Unit at London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineFajara220The Gambia Department of Paediatrics Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching HospitalSokoto234Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical CentreBirnin Kebbi234Nigeria Department of Microbiology Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto234Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching HospitalSokoto234Nigeria

Malaria is highly prevalent in Nigeria and accounts for approximately 40%of global malaria ***,most reports on severe malaria in Nigeria are from hospital-based studies without accurate information from communities;thus,malaria-related deaths in the community are left *** study aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of severe malaria in a community in Northwestern Nigeria.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2–10-year-old children in Sokoto,in August and December 2016,to determine the endemicity of malaria based on Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate(PfPR2-10)and to describe the disease *** malaria was diagnosed according to the World Health Organisation *** were described using Stata version *** prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was higher than expected(2.6%),considering the endemicity pattern which was mesoendemic based on a PfPR2-10 of 34.8%.The mean age of children with severe malaria was 3.73 years,and the male—female ratio was 2:***,54.0%of the patients had hyperparasitaemia.A relatively high prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was found in *** finding suggests the need to identify and treat cases in the community using modifications of current strategies,particularly seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis.

关键词： severe malaria nigeria malaria mortality PfPR2-10 intermediate malaria transmission

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Temperature uniformity,Correlations and the Flow Field in Swirling Impinging Jets

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第2期32卷 662-679页

作者： Zahir u.ahmed Yasir M.AL-ABDELI Department of Mechanical Engineering Khulna University of Engineering&TechnologyKhulna 9203Bangladesh School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia

Infrared thermography,velocity and impingement pressure measurements alongside numerical modelling are used in this study to resolve(heated)surface temperature distributions of turbulent swirling impinging jets for two Reynolds numbers(Re=11600 and 24600).Whilst building upon earlier discoveries for this same geometry,this paper provides three new contributions:(1)identifying the role of impingement distance(H/D)as a deciding factor in the trade-off between more efficient heat transfer(at high swirl numbers)and achieving better substrate temperature uniformity(lower gradients),(2)developing correlations to predict Nusselt number for swirling and non-swirling cooling jets,and(3)predicting the underlying mixing field in these jets and its interplay with the thermal distributions *** indicate substrate temperature uniformity varies based on H/D and swirl intensity(S)with a significant level of thermal non-uniformity occurring in near-field impingement(H/D=1)at stronger swirl(S=0.59 and 0.74).Four correlations describing the effects of S,Re,and H on the average heat transfer and stagnation heat transfer are developed and yield accuracies of 8%and 12%,*** recirculation near the impingement surface is predicted at H/D=1 for stronger swirl jets which disappears at other substrate *** peak wall shear stress reduces and the flow impingement becomes radially wider at higher H/D and *** turbulence or eddy viscosity regions for non-swirling jets(S=0)are predicted in the shear layer and entrainment regions at H/D=1,but such turbulence is confined to the impingement and wall jet regions for strongly swirling flows.

关键词： Temperature uniformity Nusselt number IR imaging CTA RANS

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An overview of inflammation: mechanism and consequences

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Frontiers in Biology 2011年第4期6卷 274-281页

作者： Afsar u.ahmed Monash university Department of Medicine Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash Medical Centre246Clayton RoadClaytonVIC 3168 Australia

Inflammation is an essential response provided by the immune systems that ensures the survival duringinfection and tissue injury. Inflammatory responses are essential for the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Themolecular mechanism of inflammation is quite a complicated process which is initiated by the recognition of specificmolecular patterns associated with either infection or tissue injury. The entire process of the inflammatory response ismediated by several key regulators involved in the selective expression of proinflammatory molecules. Prolongedinflammations are often associated with severe detrimental side effects on health. Alterations in inflammatory responsesdue to persistent inducers or genetic variations are on the rise over the last couple of decades, causing a variety ofinflammatory diseases and pathophysiological conditions.

关键词： Inflammation inflammatory diseases proinflammatory cytokines pattern-recognition receptors transcription factors and chromatin structure

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Bio-Inspired Modelling of Disease Through Delayed Strategies

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5717-5734页

作者： Arooj nasir Dumitru Baleanu Ali Raza Pervez Anwar Nauman ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Tahir Nawaz Cheema Baqai Medical university Karachi75340Pakistan Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Biochemistry University of SialkotSialkot51310Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of GujratGujrat52000Pakistan

In 2020,the reported cases were 0.12 million in the six regions to the official report of the World Health Organization(WHO).For most children infected with leprosy,0.008629 million cases were detected under *** total infected ratio of the children population is approximately 4.4 *** to theCOVID-19 pandemic,the awareness programs implementation has been *** disease still has a threat and puts people in *** delayed modeling is critical in various allied sciences,including computational biology,computational chemistry,computational physics,and computational economics,to name a *** time delay effect in treating leprosy delayed epidemic model is *** whole population is divided into four groups:those who are susceptible,those who have been exposed,those who have been infected,and those who have been *** local and global stability of well-known conclusions like the Routh Hurwitz criterion and the Lyapunov function has been *** parameters’sensitivity is also *** analytical analysis is supported by computer results that are presented in a variety of *** proposed approach in this paper preserves equilibrium points and their stabilities,the existence and uniqueness of solutions,and the computational ease of implementation.

关键词： Leprosy disease delayed model stability analysis computer results

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Augmenting IoT Intrusion Detection System Performance using Deep Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1351-1374页

作者： nasir Sayed Muhammad Shoaib Waqas ahmed Sultan Noman Qasem Abdullah M.Albarrak Faisal Saeed Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science CECOS University of IT and Emerging SciencesPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC University TaxilaTaxila47080Pakistan Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia DAAI Research Group Department of Computing and Data ScienceSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamB47XGUK

Due to their low power consumption and limited computing power,Internet of Things(IoT)devices are difficult to ***,the rapid growth of IoT devices in homes increases the risk of *** detection systems(IDS)are commonly employed to prevent *** systems detect incoming attacks and instantly notify users to allow for the implementation of appropriate *** have been made in the past to detect new attacks using machine learning and deep learning techniques,however,these efforts have been *** this paper,we propose two deep learning models to automatically detect various types of intrusion attacks in IoT ***,we experimentally evaluate the use of two Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to detect nine distinct types of attacks listed in the NF-uNSW-NB15-v2 *** accomplish this goal,the network stream data were initially converted to twodimensional images,which were then used to train the neural network *** also propose two baseline models to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ***,both models achieve high accuracy in detecting the majority of these nine attacks.

关键词： Internet of things intrusion detection system deep learning convolutional neural network supervised learning

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