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Toxoplasma gondii and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in western Iran: A cross sectional study

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第1期11卷 58-62页

作者： naser nazari Arezoo Bozorgomid Alireza Janbakhsh Farshid Bashiri Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology Faculty of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiolgy Asadabad School of Medical Sciences Department of Infection Disease Faculty of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To determine Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) as a cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients by ELISA method and to investigate toxoplasmosis-associated risk factors. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted with 385 patients with HIV/AIDS referred to the behavior disease consultation center in Kermanshah, Iran between May 2012 and June 2013. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were measured by using the ELISA method. Also, the relationship between the infection and age, gender, education, occupation, antiretroviral status, CD4+ cell counts and some other factors of the patients were assessed. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Among the HIV-positive patients, 40.8%(157/358) and 2.6%(10/358) patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. The mean CD4+ count in the patients with HIV was 327 cells/μL. A significant correlation was observed between the toxoplasmosis infections with the age group(P<0.05). Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was found between gender, living area, educational level, occupational, marital status, antiretroviral status, prophylaxis, CD4+ cell count and toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: This study revealed that the patients with HIV infection were at the high risk of developing toxoplasmosis disease especially those patients who do not receive antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis. The development and use of the effectiveness-based guidelines for controlling and the prevention reactivation of the latent T. gondii infection is required.

关键词： Seroepidemiology Toxoplasmosis HIV Iran

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Employing Diversity and Similarity Indices to Evaluate Geopedological Soil Mapping in Miyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第10期6卷 1221-1239页

作者： naser nazari Shahla Mahmoodi Mohammad Hassan Masihabadi Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

The geopedological viewpoint attempts to distinguish and introduce the smallest map unit that has the highest levels of homogeneity and uniformity with respect to landform, lithology, and soil, especially if the relationship between geomorphology and soils in the region is well defined. This research intended to investigate the degree of validity generalization of results obtained in the geopedology approach for similar landforms in the Miayneh region of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. For this purpose, soil diversity study was conducted through measuring it in a hierarchical sequence in categories of USDA soil taxonomy and by comparing similar units in the geopedological method through employing pedodiversity and similarity indices. After preparing the initial interpretative map (based on aerial photographs) at a scale of 1:20,000, the HPu211 unit that covered the greatest delineation of study area was selected and 28 soil profiles, about 90 meters apart, were excavated, described, and sampled in this unit. The degree of validity generalization of geopedological results for the mentioned unit was determined by digging 14 other soil profiles in a similar unit, called the validation area, which was located outside of the sample area. Results indicated that the value of Shannon’s diversity index increased from the level of soil order to soil family in both the sample and the generalization areas;however, only at the soil family level were there significant differences between soil diversity in the two areas at the confidence level of 95%. As well as classification of the profiles dug in the generalization area was different from that of the profiles dug in the sample area at the category of soil family. Therefore, it is possible that management generalizability in this method, even at the detailed scale, can satisfy the related needs. Consequently, interpretative or managerial purity of geopedological units must be considered in future research.

关键词： Field Operation Validation Area Similarity Index Soil Surveys Landform Diversity Index

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Molecular Genetic Diversity in Iranian Populations of <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, the Causal Agent of Wheat Leaf Rust

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1375-1386页

作者： Seyed Taha Dadrezaie Samer Lababidi Kumarse nazari Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh Farzad Afshari Fida Alo Masoud Shams-Bakhsh naser Safaie College of Agriculture Tarbiat Modres University Tehran Iran International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Aleppo Syria Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Karaj Iran

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widely distributed wheat rust in the world. In order to study the genetic structure of leaf rust population 14 pairs of AFLP and 6 pairs of FAFLP primers evaluated on 86 isolates samples collected in Iran during spring of 2009. Results showed that almost all investigated isolates were genetically different and special pattern of AFLP allele’s that confirm high genetic diversity within leaf rust population was observed. Analyses showed, all provinces were classified into three major groups particularly similar clusters were found between then neighboring provinces. Rust spore can follow the migration pattern in short and long distances to neighbor in provinces. Results indicated that the greatest variability was revealed by 97% of genetic differentiation within leaf rust populations and the lesser variation of 3% was observed between the rust populations. These results suggested that each population was not completely identical and high gene flow has occurred among the leaf rust population of different provinces. The highest differentiation and genetic distance among the Iranian leaf rust populations was detected between leaf rust population in Sistan and Baluchistan and highest similarity was observed between in Ardabil provinces. The high pathogenic variability of leaf rust races in Ardabil and Northern Khorasan may be an indication that these two regions are the center of origin of pathogenic arability. Present study shows that leaf rust population in Iran is highly dynamic and variable.

关键词： Leaf Rust Gene Resistance Genetic Diversity Puccinia triticina AFLP and FAFLP Markers

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