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Strategies to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 967-974页

作者： Palittiya Sintusek nasamon wanlapakorn Yong Poovorawan Department of Pediatrics Division of GastroenterologyFaculty of MedicineKing Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalChulalongkorn UniversityThailand and Thai Pediatric GastroenterologyHepatology and Immunology(TPGHAI)Research UnitChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Faculty of MedicineKing Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand

Mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is the primary cause of chronic HBV infection worldwide.MTCT prevention and antiviral treatment of infected individuals could eliminate this public health burden.Antiviral treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive pregnant women and immunoprophylaxis with HBV vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin are the most effective strategies to interfere with MTCT of HBV.However,for worldwide application of those strategies,feasibility,availability,cost,safety,and effectiveness should be considered.Cesarean section and breastfeeding avoidance in hepatitis B e antigenpositive mothers with a high viral load and without antiviral therapy during pregnancy could be an option,but more supporting evidence is needed.HBsAg screening of all pregnant women is recommended when initiating antiviral therapy and immunoprophylaxis for MTCT prevention,except in areas with limited resources.Timely HBV vaccination series administered soon after birth might be the mainstay of prevention.This review aimed to provide a concise update on the effectiveness of available strategies to prevent MTCT of HBV.

关键词： Mother-to-child transmission Children Hepatitis B virus Vertical transmission Prevention Vaccine

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Retinoic acid receptor beta promoter methylation and risk of cervical cancer

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World Journal of Virology 2018年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Chaninya Wongwarangkana nasamon wanlapakorn Jira Chansaenroj Yong Poovorawan Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Human papillomavirus has been reported as one of the key etiologic factors in cervical carcinoma. Likewise, epigenetic aberrations have ability to regulate cancer pathogenesis and progression. Recent research suggested that methylation has been detected already at precancerous stages, which methylation markers may have significant value in cervical cancer screening. The retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) gene, a potential tumor suppressor gene, is usually expressed in normal epithelial tissue. Methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of the RARβ gene has been found to be associated with the development of cervical cancer. To investigate whether RARβ methylation is a potential biomarker that predicts the progression of invasive cancer, we reviewed 14 previously published articles related to RARβ methylation. The majority of them demonstrated that the frequency of RARβ promoter methylation was significantly correlated with the severity of cervical epithelium abnormalities. However, methylation of a single gene may not represent the best approach for predicting disease prognosis. Analyzing combinations of aberrant methylation of multiple genes may increase the sensitivity, and thus this approach may serve as a better tool for predicting disease prognosis.

关键词： Methylation Cervical cancer Retinoic acid receptor beta Human papillomavirus Risk correlation Promoter

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