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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for salinity stress: Anti-stress role and mechanisms

Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 212-224页

作者： Muzafar HDAR Syed MRAZVI narender singh Ahmad MUSHTAQ Shahnawaz DAR Shabber HUSSAIN Department of Botany Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetraHaryana 136119India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sher-e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir(SKUAST-K)ShalimarSrinagar 190021India Research Center for Residue and Quality Analysis SKUAST-KShalimarSrinagar 190021India Krishi Vigyan Kendra(KVK)Kargil 11(Zanskar) SKUAST-KShalimarSrinagar 190021India

Salinity stress is considered one of the most harmful environmental plant stresses,as it reduces irrigated land crop production by over 20%***,it is imperative to develop salt-tolerant crops in addition to understanding various mechanisms enabling plant growth under saline stress ***,a novel biological approach that aims to address salinity stress has gained momentum,which involves the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi in plant-microbe *** has been observed that most terrestrial plant root systems are colonized by AM fungi,which modulate plant growth in multiple *** such interactions,AM fungi obtain organic compounds from the host plant while providing mineral nutrients,including nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and sulfur,to the host *** recent decades,our understanding of the multifunctional roles played by AM fungi has been broadened and advanced,particularly regarding the mediation of mineral nutrients and the alleviation of stress(especially salt stress)in most crop *** uptake of phosphorus and augmented tolerance to salinity result in enhanced plant growth and *** evident anti-stress role of AM fungi and related mechanisms have been described separately,though they need to be analyzed and discussed ***,the present review addresses the major role of AM fungi in mitigating salt stress and their beneficial effects on plant growth and *** mechanisms employed by AM fungi to amplify the salt tolerance of host plants by increased nutrient accession(e.g.,phosphorus,nitrogen,and calcium),physiological changes(e.g.,photosynthetic efficiency,cell membrane permeability,water status,and nitrogen fixation),and biochemical changes(e.g.,the accumulation of different osmolytes such as proline and soluble sugars)are also ***,this review highlights the role of AM fungi in the Na+/H+*** plants,AM fungi inoculation increases the activities of mul

关键词： biochemical and physiological changes osmolytes plant-microbe interaction salt stress sodium accumulation

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Disulphide Linkages Occur in Many Polypeptides of Rice Protein Fractions: a Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoretic Study

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Rice science 2011年第2期18卷 86-94页

作者： Arvinder singh narender K.MATTA Department of Botany Kurukshetra University

Most of the work on rice storage proteins focused on the major fraction - glutelin. In contrast to previous reports of the occurrence of single legumin-like polypeptide pair in glutelin, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed many glutelin bands, with some having and some lacking disulphide-linkages. Five legumin-like polypeptide pairs exhibited wide heterogeneity over a range of molecular weight （Mr） 25 to 60 kDa, each having a large subunit （Mr ranged from 18 to 40.5 kDa） disulphide-bonded to a small subunit （Mr ranged from 16.5 to 18.0 kDa）. A band of 49 kDa was homodimeric with two subunits of 29 kDa each; a polypeptide of 51 kDa which altered position to ones corresponding to 53 kDa and 57 kDa on 2-D gels contained intrapolypeptide linkages. Polypeptides of 65 kDa and 60 kDa occurred as aggregates of 110 kDa. The number of polypeptides in other seed protein fractions albumins, globulins and prolamins, varied from four to ten. One of the albumin bands had intrapolypeptide disulphide linkages （20 kDa） and the globulins contained two such bands （13.5 and 20 kDa）. Thus, the present study provides a description of the polypeptide composition of different rice protein fractions that is finely resolved with respect to the occurrence of disulphide linkages.

关键词： seed storage protein glutelin prolamin globulin Oryza sativa

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Combined radial and median nerve injury in diaphysea fracture of humerus： a case report

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第6期16卷 365-367页

作者： Rajesh Rohilla Rohit Singla narender Kumar Magu Roop singh Ashish Devgun Reetadyuti Mukhopadhyay Paritosh Gogna Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Paraplegia & Re-habilitation PtBD Sharma PGIMS Rohtak 124001

Radial nerve palsy is the most common neurological involvement in humeral shaft *** combined radial and median nerve injury in a closed diaphyseal fracture of the humerus is *** injury to both radial and median nerve can cause significant disability.A detailed clinical examination is therefore necessary following humeral shaft *** report a patient with closed diaphyseal humeral fracture （AO 12A-2.3） together with radial and median nerve palsy,its management and review of the *** the patient had two nerves involved,surgical exploration was *** was reduced and fixed with a 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression pla *** was no external injury to both radial and median nerves on surgical *** recovery started at 3 weeks＇ *** recovery was seen at 12 *** clinical examination is of the utmost importance in early diagnosis of combined nerve injuries,which allows better management and rehabilitation of the patient.

关键词： Humeral fractures Radial nerve Me-dian nerve Diaphyses Paralysis

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Epidemiologic pattern of paediatric supracondylar fractures of humerus in a teaching hospital of rural India： A prospective study of 263 cases

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2017年第3期20卷 158-160页

作者： Rashid Anjum Vivek Sharma Ramesh Jindal Tarun Pratap singh narender Rathee Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences Mullana-Ambala Haryana India

Purpose： This prospective study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic parameters of supracondylar humeral fractures in children admitted to a teaching institution of a developing country primarily catering to rural population, to find any preventable cause of such injuries. Methods： All suspected cases of supracondylar humeral fracture reporting to emergency or outpatients department were analysed for various epidemiologic parameters including age, sex, laterality, time of presentation, associated injuries, neurovascular complications and classification over a period of four years. Results： We analysed a total of 263 patients and most of the fractures were seen in 5-8-year age group with a mean of 7.9 years. A total of 157 cases were males and non-dominant extremity was involved in 65% of fractures in our series. Fall on outstretched hand was the predominant cause of injury and fall from rooftop was the predominant mode. In all patients, 36.12% reported to our hospital 1 week after injury, 39.92% presented to hospital within 48 h after trauma and the remaining 23.95% presented 48 h to 1 week after trauma. None had a bilateral injury. Gartland type 3 fractures constituted 54.37% of patients, followed by type 1 （23.95%） and type 2 （21.67%）. Conclusion： Almost one fourth of supracondylar humeral fractures in children can be prevented by installing railing of rooftops and stairs. It is necessary to educate people on hazards of treatment by traditional bonesetters. Moreover, the children with supracondylar humeral fractures should be screened for associated injuries.

关键词： Supracondylar fractures Humerus Epidemiology

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Outcome of application of primary versus secondary Illizarov＇s fixator in open tibial shaft fractures

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 221-226页

作者： Anil Joshi Saurabh singh Sudeep Jain narender Rohilla Vivek Trikha Chandra Yadav Medical College V.C.S.G. Government Medical Sciences and Research Institute Srinagar Pauri Garhwal India H.N.B. Base & Teaching Hospital P O.-Srikot Srinagar Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand 246174 India Department of Orthopaedics IMS BHU Varanasi India Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India Fortis Flt Lt Rajah Dhall Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi Delhi 110070 India Fortis Hospital Shalimar Bagh Ringgold Standard Institution Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi Delhi 110033 India Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ringgold Standard Institution New Delhi Delhi 110029 India

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to compare outcome of primary and secondary Illizarov's fi xator application as a treatment method for type III open tibial fractures in terms of nonunion and wound ***: This prospective study was done in a tertiary care center. Forty-eight type III tibial fractures were treated with Illizarov's apparatus between 2008 and 2011. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the treatment protocol, timing of wound closure and Illizarov's application, primary(n=28) and secondary(n=20).RESULTS: In the primary group, healing was achieved in all 28 patients. The median time to recovery was 24 weeks, and the median number of operations was 3. There were 6 patients with a bone defect. In the secondary group, complete recovery was achieved in 18 out of 20 patients. The median time to recovery was 30 weeks, and the median number of operations 5. There were 9 patients with a bone defect. The median time to recovery and the number of operations were signifi cantly smaller in patients undergoing primary operation. Union was 100% in the primary group and more than 95% in the secondary group. Chronic osteomyelitis persisted in one patient and below amputation was done in one patient in the secondary ***: Primary wound closure and Illizarov's fixation required a smaller number of operations and shorter time to recovery than secondary wound closure and Illizarov's fi xation, mostly due to a signifi cantly less number of patients with a bone defect in the primary group.

关键词： Open fractures Limb salvage Debridement Illizarov’s fi xator Tibial fractures

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Combined radial and median nerve injury in diaphyseal fracture of humerus:a case report

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第6期16卷 365-367页

作者： Rajesh Rohilla Rohit Singla narender Kumar Magu Roop singh Ashish Devgun Reetadyuti Mukhopadhyay Paritosh Gogna Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Paraplegia & Rehabilitation PtBD Sharma PGIMSRohtak 124001(Haryana)India

Radial nerve palsy is the most common neurological involvement in humeral shaft *** combined radial and median nerve injury in a closed diaphyseal fracture of the humerus is *** injury to both radial and median nerve can cause significant disability. A detailed clinical examination is therefore necessary following humeral shaft *** report a patient with closed diaphyseal humeral fracture(AO 12A-2.3) together with radial and median nerve palsy,its management and review of the *** the patient had two nerves involved,surgical exploration was *** was reduced and fixed with a 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression *** was no external injury to both radial and median nerves on surgical *** recovery started at 3 weeks’ *** recovery was seen at 12 *** clinical examination is of the utmost importance in early diagnosis of combined nerve injuries,which allows better management and rehabilitation of the patient.

关键词： Humeral fractures Radial nerve Median nerve Diaphyses Paralysis

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Missed ulnar nerve injury and closed forearm fracture in a child

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第4期16卷 246-248页

作者： Batra Amit Devgan Ashish Verma Vinit singh Raj Batra Shivan Magu narender Singla Rohit Gogna ParitoshGupta Navdeep Department of Orthopedics PGIMS Rohtak HaryanaIndia

Ulnar nerve injury in closed fracture of lbrearnl in children is uncommon. Commonly, neurapraxia is the reason for this palsy but other severe injuries or nerve entrapment has been reported in some cases. The impor- tance of diagnosis concerning the types of the nerve injury lies in the fact that they have totally different management. We present a case of ulnar nerve deficit in a child following a closed fracture of the forearm bones. It is imperative to diagnose exact cause of palsy as it forms the basis for treatment. MR1 scan can help diagnosis and accordingly guide the management. Simple nelwe contusion should be treated conservatively, and exploration with fixation of the fracture should be done in lacerations and entrapments of the nerve. Surgery is not the treatment of choice in cases that could be managed conserwltively.

关键词： Ulnar nerve Peripheral nerve injuries Forearm injuries Child

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Fracture Bilateral Talus in Children

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Surgical Science 2013年第9期4卷 405-409页

作者： Vinit Verma Amit Batra Pradeep Kamboj Suresh Bhuriya Raj singh Sumit Kumar Rakesh Gupta narender Kumar Magu Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak Rohtak India

Talar body injuries are rare, particularly in children. To our knowledge, there has not been a single case report of bilateral talus fracture in a child till date. We report two cases of fracture bilateral talus in children. The first case is of a fracture separation of the distal tibial epiphysis and a fracture of the body of the talus with subluxation of ankle on right side and a fracture neck of talus on left side. The second is fracture bilateral talus with epiphyseal injury of left distal tibia. A minimal or undisplaced fracture of talus is less likely to undergo avascular necrosis than a displaced fracture but even with optimal treatment, avascular necrosis may still occur. It is of prime significance that these fractures should be diagnosed well in time to avert complications. Therefore an appropriate length of follow-up is required.

关键词： Paediatric Talus Fracture Bilateral Avascular Necrosis

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Mechanized Transplanting of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Nonpuddled and No-Till Conditions in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Haryana,India

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 2409-2413页

作者： Baldev Raj Kamboj Dharam Bir Yadav Ashok Yadav narender Kumar Goel Gurjeet Gill Ram K.Malik Bhagirath singh Chauhan Krishi Vigyan Kendra CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityYamuna NagarIndia Regional Research Station CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityKarnalIndia Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisarIndia School of Agriculture Food&WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia CIMMYT-IRRI CSISA Bihar Hub PatnaIndia Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

The common practice of establishing rice in the rice-wheat system in India is manual transplanting of seedlings in the puddled soil. Besides being costly, cumbersome, and time consuming, puddling results in degradation of soil and the formation of a hard pan, which impedes root growth of subsequent upland crops. In addition, decreased availability and increasing cost of labor have increased the cost of rice cultivation through conventional methods. Because of these concerns, there is a need for mechanized transplanting of rice which is less labor-intensive and can ensure optimum plant population under nonpuddled and/or no-till conditions. A large number of on-farm trials were conducted at farmers’ fields in Haryana, India, from 2006 to 2010 to evaluate the performance of the mechanical transplanted rice (MTR) under nonpuddled and no-till situations as compared to conventional puddled transplant rice (CPTR). Compared with CPTR, nonpuddled MTR produced 3%-11% higher grain yield in different years. Rice cultivars, viz. HKR47, HKR127, PR113, PR114, PB1, PB1121, CSR30, and Arize6129, performed consistently better under nonpuddled MTR as compared to CPTR. Performance of different cultivars (PR113, PR114, HKR47, and Pusa 44) was also better under no-till MTR as compared to CPTR. The “basmati” cultivar CSR30 performed equally in no-till MTR and CPTR systems. The results of our study suggest that rice can be easily grown under nonpuddled and no-till conditions with yield advantages over the CPTR system. Even in the case of similar yield between CPTR and MTR systems, the MTR system will help in reducing labor requirement and ultimately, will increase overall profits to farmers.

关键词： Farmer Participatory Research Self Propelled Paddy Transplanter Double No-Till Rice-Wheat System Nonpuddled Transplanted Rice

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