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Descriptive IoT Based Design and Implementation of a 3-Input Automatic Transfer Switch with Data Logging Features

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第11期11卷 1-22页

作者： Wirdzeyii Johan Mengnemo narcisse Serge Nouadjep Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Electricity is crucial for critical sectors such as banking, healthcare, education, and business. However, in developing nations like Cameroon, persistent power fluctuations and outages present significant challenges, leading to communication disruptions, food spoilage, water supply interruptions, and financial losses. This study proposes a novel solution: a three-input automatic transfer switch integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) and data logging capabilities. The system automatically switches between three independent power sources based on priority and availability, employing electromechanical contactors, relays, and timers for seamless switching. It incorporates ATMEGA328P microcontrollers, a GSM module for communication, and an SD card module for efficient data logging. Safety measures, such as miniature circuit breakers, voltage monitoring relays, and proper grounding, ensure user protection and system integrity. A user-friendly mobile application enables remote manual switching and real-time system information requests, while SMS notifications inform consumers about power source changes. The system has a power rating of 4.752 kW, accommodating a maximum continuous load of the same value. Voltage dividers provide a reliable 3.37 VDC output from a 12 VDC input, and data logging operates effectively by storing system data onto an SD card every 1.5 seconds. Comprehensive testing validates the system’s performance, with an average percentage error of 2.31% compared to actual values, falling within an acceptable range. This solution distinguishes itself by incorporating modern technologies like data logging and IoT, addressing the limitations of existing alternatives.

关键词： Automatic Transfer Switch GSM Module Solar Microcontroller Power Re-lay Sensor

Relationship Between the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dominant Small Pelagic Fishes and Environmental Factors in Mauritanian Waters

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第2期19卷 393-408页

作者： EBANGO NGANDO narcisse SONG Liming CUI Hongxing XU Shuangquan College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China Collaboration Innovation Center for National Distant-Water Fisheries Shanghai 201306China

The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes,including chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus),horse mackerel(Trachurus trecae)and round sardinella(Sardinella aurita),and the environmental factors in Mauritanian waters were analyzed by using 4 years of logbook data of commercial purse seine fisheries to improve the efficiency of fishery and management of sustainable exploitation.A Tweedie-generalized additive model(GAM)of 8-day average catches and the monthly geostatistical analysis of daily catches were used in this study to analyze the influence of environmental factors on catch per unit of effort(CPUEs)and to map the spatial distribution of three mixed dominant small pelagic fishes,respectively.A 10'×10' grid was used,and environmental factors were processed from remote sensing,including 8-day average sea surface temperature(SST),the nearest distance between SST fronts and CPUE position(Df),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,salinity,and eddy kinetic *** showed that 1)the distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes might be related to the intensity of upwelling in Mauritanian waters;2)oceanic fronts might play a key role in the ecology of chub mackerel,horse mackerel,and round sardinella;3)Chl-a concentration might be associated with the feeding grounds of chub mackerel;4)the target species distribution appeared sensitive to gradient changes in the amount of salinity;5)three zones(northern,central,and southern)with variable abundances were delineated;and 6)a high concentration of the center of gravity in the central zone might be related to the strong upwelling of nutrient-rich *** study can provide new insights to enhance the fishery efficiency and sustainable exploitation management of purse seiners in certain area off Mauritania.

关键词： aggregation environmental factors small pelagic fish light purse seiner Mauritanian waters

Role of water on the H-abstraction from methanol by ClO

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 89-98页

作者： Shanshan Tang narcisse T.Tsona Junyao Li Lin Du Environment Research Institute Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

The influence of a single water molecule on the reaction mechanism and kinetics of hydrogen abstraction from methanol （CH3OH） by the CIO radical has been investigated using ab initio calculations. The reaction proceeds through two channels： abstraction of the hydroxyl H-atom and methyl H-atom of CH30H by CIO, leading to the formation of CH30 ＋ HOC1 （＋H20） and CH20H ＋ HOC1 （＋ H20）, respectively. In both cases, pre- and post-reactive complexes were located at the entrance and exit channel on the potential energy surfaces. Results indicate that the formation of CH2OH ＋ HOC1 （＋H20） is predominant over the formation of CH30 ＋ HOC1 （＋H20）, with ambient rate constants of 3.07 x 10^-19 and 3.01 x 10^-23 cm^3/（***）, respectively, for the reaction without water. Over the temperature range 216.7-298.2 K, the presence of water is seen to effectively lower the rate constants for the most favorable pathways by 4-6 orders of magnitude in both cases. It is therefore concluded that water plays an inhibitive role on the CH30H ＋ ClO reaction under tropospheric conditions.

关键词： Radical-molecule complex H-abstraction reaction Reaction rate constants Quantum chemical calculations

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毛里塔尼亚海域沙丁鱼耳石微量元素特征分析

海洋渔业 2022年第4期44卷 385-395页

作者：宋利明周旺王迪 Ebango Ngando narcisse 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院上海201306 上海海洋大学国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心上海201306

鱼类耳石元素含量受栖息环境影响,因此通过分析鱼类耳石元素含量比值可以研究其栖息环境。根据2018年10月至12月在毛里塔尼亚海域(20°10′N~21°10′N、17°10′W~17°40′W)采集的219尾沙丁鱼(Sardina pilchardus),筛选58枚沙丁鱼耳石... 详细信息

鱼类耳石元素含量受栖息环境影响,因此通过分析鱼类耳石元素含量比值可以研究其栖息环境。根据2018年10月至12月在毛里塔尼亚海域(20°10′N~21°10′N、17°10′W~17°40′W)采集的219尾沙丁鱼(Sardina pilchardus),筛选58枚沙丁鱼耳石,利用激光剥蚀电感等离子质谱仪(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LA-ICP-MS)测定不同年龄耳石元素含量并分析其比值的差异,探讨毛里塔尼亚海域沙丁鱼不同年龄栖息环境的变化情况。结果显示,毛里塔尼亚海域沙丁鱼耳石共检测到44种元素,主要为钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、锶(Sr)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、钡(Ba)等;所有样本中不同性别沙丁鱼耳石主要微量元素(Na、Sr、Fe、Mg、Ba)含量与Ca含量比值差异不显著(P>0.05);毛里塔尼亚海域沙丁鱼耳石微量元素Na、Sr、Mg、Ba含量与Ca含量的比值核心区跟1龄区相比差异不显著(P>0.05),1龄区与2龄区、2龄区与边缘区差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,毛里塔尼亚海域不同性别的沙丁鱼栖息环境相同;毛里塔尼亚海域沙丁鱼0龄与1龄栖息环境差异不显著,1龄与2龄及2龄与被捕获时栖息环境差异显著。

关键词：沙丁鱼耳石微量元素毛里塔尼亚海域

Anthropogenic Effects on Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第7期38卷 1053-1084页

作者： Li XU Lin DU narcisse T.TSONA Maofa GE Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Chinese Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Anthropogenic emissions alter biogenic secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formation from naturally emitted volatileorganic compounds(BVOCs).We review the major laboratory and field findings with regard to effects of anthropogenicpollutants(NO_(x),anthropogenic aerosols,SO_(2),NH_(3))on biogenic SOA ***_(x) participate in BVOC oxidationthrough changing the radical chemistry and oxidation capacity,leading to a complex SOA composition and yield sensitivitytowards NO_(x) level for different or even specific hydrocarbon *** aerosols act as an importantintermedium for gas-particle partitioning and particle-phase reactions,processes of which are influenced by the particlephase state,acidity,water content and thus associated with biogenic SOA mass ***_(2)modifies biogenic SOAformation mainly through sulfuric acid formation and accompanies new particle formation and acid-catalyzedheterogeneous *** new SO_(2)-involved mechanisms for organosulfate formation have also been ***_(3)/amines,as the most prevalent base species in the atmosphere,influence biogenic SOA composition and modify theoptical properties of *** response of SOA formation behavior to these anthropogenic pollutants varies amongdifferent BVOCs *** on anthropogenic-biogenic interactions in some areas of China that aresimultaneously influenced by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are *** on this review,somerecommendations are made for a more accurate assessment of controllable biogenic SOA formation and its contribution tothe total SOA *** study also highlights the importance of controlling anthropogenic pollutant emissions witheffective pollutant mitigation policies to reduce regional and global biogenic SOA formation.

关键词： biogenic volatile organic compounds anthropogenic pollutants secondary organic aerosol anthropogenic-biogenic interactions China

Microstructure of Fine Clay Soils Stabilized with Sugarcane Molasses

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2022年第2期12卷 247-269页

作者： narcisse Malanda Nice Ngouallat Mfoutou Erman Eloge Nzaba Madila Paul Louzolo-Kimbembe National Upper Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Physics and Hydrogen Research Institute University of Quebec in Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières Canada National Upper Education School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Sugar cane molasses has proved cohesive and excellent performance on soil aggregates (fine particles). However, the microstructure of consolidated soil by the molasses is not yet subjected to research. The analysis results of sample without molasses (0%) and consolidated samples at 8%, 12%, and 16% show that the molasses acts on the structure of clayey fine soil developing its microstructure of airy matrix type (sample without molasses (0%) to a microstructure of a qualified type, more solid. Consolidated samples to 8%, 12%, 16% of molasses). We also observe the presence of inter-aggregate pores (mesopores) of similar size in all samples. The results of porosimetrical analyses (BJH) of the sample without molasses and consolidated samples to 8%, 12%, and 16% show that simultaneous porous volumes of samples are reduced with the increasing of molasses quantity. This latter, therefore, acts on the porous volume (micropore 2 nm and mesopore 9 nm) by reducing them which really means, molasses occupies the porous volume of the sample. However, this sample seems not to have any effect on the size of mesopores 9 nm. Thus, this product induces the evolution of the soil structure towards the highly dense and condensed structure. Consequently, materials in consolidated soil by molasses will have mechanical properties far superior to those of materials consolidated soil without molasses.

关键词： Microstructure Consolidated Clayey Fine Soil Molasses of Sugar Cane Mesopore Micropore Specific Surface Area

Thermo-Mechanical Properties Study of Stabilized Soil Bricks to Sugar Cane Molasses and Cassava Starch Binders

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 240-260页

作者： narcisse Malanda Jean Albin Nkaya Gilbert Ganga Ngambara Emamou Nondel Durvy Paul Louzolo-Kimbémbé Polytechnic National Superior School (ENSP) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Superior Normal School (ENS) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Institute for Research in Engineering Sciences Innovation and Technology (INRSIIT) Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

The current study deals Swith thermo-mechanical properties of stabilized soil small bricks with the help of organic binders of sugar cane molasses and cassava starch. Different formulations of soil concrete have been suggested after the geotechnical characterization of samples of soil was taken. From these, it arises that the studied soil is the most plastically clay (of type A3) according to GTR classification. Samples made of small bricks and measured out at 4%, 6% and 8% of binders (molasses, starch or molasses + starch) have been warmed up to different temperatures (100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C) for the rising of the thermic behavior under different conditions and submitted to crushing testings for the estimation of characteristic resistances to the compression. According to the mechanical behavior, we note an improvement of resistances for small bricks measured 4%, 6% and 8%, of molasses respectively of 32.44%, 32.06% and 23.43% against the value of reference for small bricks without molasses. In the same way, the binder (molasses + starch) also reveals an improvement of resistance to the compression of 13.27%, 26.17% and 26.17%. On the contrary, the stabilization with the starch binder did not bring a significative improvement. According to the thermic influence, the heating at 100°C of stabilized small bricks at 4%, 6% and 8% of molasses, reveals a significative improvement of resistances. Moreover, the stabilization with the starch reveals on the contrary a good behavior for heatings at 150°C and 250°C. In short, for the binder (molasses + starch), it is the heating at 200°C that shows some improvements of remarkable resistances. Different analyses of realized statistics also show the effectivity of obtained results. For all realized formulations, the measuring out at 6% of binders (molasses, or molasses + starch) seems as optimal in front of the best thermo-mechanical revealed properties.

关键词： Clay Molasses Cassava Starch Heating Compressed Soil Brick Mechanical Resistance

Effect of NOx and SO2 on the photooxidation of methylglyoxal:Implications in secondary aerosol formation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期32卷 151-162页

作者： Shuyan Wang Lin Du narcisse T.Tsona Xiaotong Jiang Bo You Li Xu Zhaomin Yang Wenxing Wang Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityBinhai Road 72Qingdao266237China School of Life Science Shandong UniversityBinhai Road 72Qingdao266237China

Methylglyoxal(CH3COCHO,MG),which is one of the most abundant α-dicarbonyl compounds in the atmosphere,has been reported as a major source of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this work,the reaction of MG with hydroxyl radicals was studied in a 500 L smog chamber at(293±3)K,atmospheric pressure,(18±2)%relative humidity,and under different NOx and *** size distribution was measured by using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS)and the results showed that the addition of SO2 can promote SOA formation,while different NOx concentrations have different influences on SOA *** NOx suppressed the SOA formation,whereas the particle mass concentration,particle number concentration and particle geometric mean diameter increased with the increasing NOx concentration at low NOx concentration in the presence of *** addition,the products of the OH-initiated oxidation of MG and the functional groups of the particle phase in the MG/OH/SO2 and MG/OH/NOx/SO2 reaction systems were detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and attenuated total reflection fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)*** products,glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid,were detected by *** mechanism of the reaction of MG and OH radicals that follows two main pathways,H atom abstraction and hydration,is *** is provided for the formation of organic nitrates and organic sulfate in particle phase from IR *** of NOx and SO2 influence suggested that SOA formation from anthropogenic hydrocarbons may be more efficient in polluted environment.

关键词： Secondary organic aerosol Methylglyoxal OH-Initiated oxidation NOx SO2

Copper-Catalyzed C-C(O)C Bond Cleavage of Monoalkylated β-Diketone: Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2023年第2期13卷 41-49页

作者： Tony Wheellyam Pouambeka Victor N’goka narcisse Nicaise Obaya Guy Crépin Enoua Hubert Makomo Qian Zhan Laboratory of Plant and Life Chemistry Unit: Equipe de Chimie Organique et Analytique des Substances Bioactives Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville The Republic of Congo Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China

A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition metal in a weakly basic medium (K3PO4) at room temperature. To carry out this study, we first had to synthesize the monoalkylated β-diketones 1. Afterwards, α,β-unsaturated ketones 2 were obtained with high yields around 80%. Finally, all the products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. .

关键词： Monoalkylated β-diketone α β-Unsaturated Ketones Copper-Catalyzed C-C(O)C Bond Cleavage