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A limit equilibrium fracture zone model to investigate seismicity in coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第5期28卷 745-753页

作者： Daniel Malan John napier Department of Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and IT University of Pretoria

This paper explores possible synergies between techniques used to minimise seismicity in deep South African gold mines and their applicability to control coal bumps. The paper gives a summary of the techniques used in the deep gold mines and a critical appraisal if these are useful in coal mines. The techniques typically include control of mining rate, preconditioning, optimisation of extraction sequences and centralised blasting. Of particular interest to the coal bump problem is an experimental limit equilibrium fracture zone model implemented in a displacement discontinuity code. This was recently developed for the gold mines to enable the interactive analysis of complex tabular mine layout extraction sequences. The model specifically accommodates energy dissipation computations in the developing fracture zone near the edges of these excavations. This allows the released energy to be used as a surrogate measure of ongoing seismic activity and addresses a number of the weaknesses in the traditional usage of this quantity as a criterion for the design of seismically active layouts. This paper investigates the application of the model to a hypothetical coal longwall layout and the specific problem of coal bumps.

关键词： Coal bumps Limit equilibrium model Mining rate Seismicity

Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第5期6卷 112-120页

作者： Kyle J napier Mary Scheerer Subhasis Misra Department of Surgery Texas Tech University Health Science Center School of Medicine Division of Surgical Oncology Chief of GastroIntestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Texas Tech University Health Science Center School of Medicine

Esophageal cancer is a serious malignancy with regards to mortality and prognosis. It is a growing health concern that is expected to increase in incidence over the next 10 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in developing nations. With the increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity in developed nations, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has dramatically increased in the past 40 years. Esophageal cancer is staged according to the widely accepted TNM system. Staging plays an integral part in guiding stage specific treatment protocols and has a great impact on overall survival. Common imaging modalities used in staging include computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography scans. Current treatment options include multimodality therapy mainstaysof current treatment include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Tumor markers of esophageal cancer are an advancing area of research that could potentially lead to earlier diagnosis as well as playing a part in assessing tumor response to therapy.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Esophageal cancer staging Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Esophageal adenocarcinoma Surgery

What is the Difference Between a Five-star and a Six or Sevenstar Hotel?

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饭店现代化 2007年第7期 40-42页

作者： Barry napier

In 2006 I outlined the new national star- rating system for UK Hotels,which ranges from one-star basic to five-star *** another article I quoted an hotel owner in the south of England,who said that the new system was ... 详细信息

关键词： What is the Difference Between a Five-star and a Six or Sevenstar Hotel

Metabolic Engineering of Plant-derived (E)-β-farnesene Synthase Genes for a Novel Type of Aphid-resistant Genetically Modified Crop Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第5期54卷 282-299页

作者： Xiu-Dao Yu John Pickett You-Zhi Ma Toby Bruce Johnathan napier Huw D.Jones Lan-Qin Xia Institute of Crop Sciences(ICS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Rothamsted Research HarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK

Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses of crop plants each year. Excessive dependence on insec- ticides for long-term aphid control is undesirable because of the development of insecticide resistance, the potential negative effects on non-target organisms and environmental pollution. Transgenic crops engineered for resistance to aphids via a non-toxic mode of action could be an efficient alternative strategy. （E）-β-Farnesene （EβF） synthases catalyze the formation of EβF, which for many pest aphids is the main component of the alarm pheromone involved in the chemical communication within these species. EβF can also be synthesized by certain plants but is then normally contaminated with inhibitory compounds. Engineering of crop plants capable ofsynthesizing and emitting EβF could cause repulsion of aphids and also the attraction of natural enemies that use EβF as a foraging cue, thus minimizing aphid infestation. In this review, the effects of aphids on host plants, plants＇ defenses against aphid herbivory and the recruitment of natural enemies for aphid control in an agricultural setting are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the plant-derived EβF synthase genes cloned to date along with their potential roles in generating novel aphid resistance via genetically modified approaches are discussed.

关键词： Aphids (E)-β-farnesene sythase genetic-modified crops terpenoid.

Functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus Biodiversity

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第5期28卷 291-302页

作者： Jozef I Nissimov Mark Jones Johnathan A napier Colin B Munn Susan A Kimmance Michael J Allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place University of Nottingham School of BiosciencesSutton Bonington Campus Department of Biological Chemistry Rothamsted Research School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the major capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the majority of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

关键词： Coccolithovirus Major capsid protein Serine palmitoyltransferase Functional biodiversity

Anatomy of the 3D Innovation Production With the Cobb-Douglas Specification

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Sociology Study 2013年第1期3卷 69-78页

作者： Quan Hoang Vuong Nancy K. napier Universite Libre de Bruxelles Belgium Boise State University USA/Aalborg University Denmark

This paper focuses on verifying the relevance of two theoretical propositions and related empirical investigation about the relationship between creativity and entrepreneurship. It draws upon a creativity process that considers three ＂dimensions＂ or ＂disciplines＂（3D） critical for creative organizations--within discipline expertise, out of discipline knowledge, and a disciplined creative process. The paper first explores the Cobb-Douglas production function as a relevant tool for modeling the 3D creative process. The next part discusses the 3D process as a production function, which is modeled following the well-known Cobb-Douglas specification. Last, the paper offers implications for future research on disciplined creativity/innovation as a method of improving organizations＇ creative performance. The modeling shows that labor and investment can readily enter into the 3D creativity process as inputs. These two inputs are meaningful in explaining where innovation outputs come from and how they can be measured, with a reasonable theoretical decomposition. It is not true that the more capital investments in the creativity process, the better the level of innovation production, but firm＇s human resource management and expenditures should pay attention to optimal levels of capital and labor stocks, in a combination that helps reach highest possible innovation output.

关键词： Organization of production firm behavior business economics creativity/innovation processes Cobb-Douglas productionfunction

It Takes Two to Tango： Entrepreneurship and Creativity in Troubled Times--Vietnam 2012

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Sociology Study 2012年第9期2卷 662-674页

作者： Nancy K. napier Dang Le Nguyen Vu Quan Hoang Vuong Boise State University USA/Aalborg University Denmark Trung Nguyen Coffee Group Vietnam Universite Libre de Bruxelles Belgium

This study focuses on perceived values of entrepreneurship and creativity within a turbulent environment. The initial hypothesis is that a typical entrepreneurial process carries with its ＂creativity-enabling elements＂. In a normal situation, businesses focus on optimizing their resources for commercial gains, thus perceptions about values of entrepreneurial creativity are usually vague. However, in difficult times, the difference between survival and failure may be creativity. This paper examines many previous findings on entrepreneurship and creativity, and suggests a highly possible ＂organic growth＂ of creativity in an entrepreneurial environment and reinforcing value of entrepreneurship when creativity power is present. In other words, the authors see each idea reinforcing the other. The authors survey Vietnamese firms during the chaotic year of 2012 to learn about the ＂entrepreneurship-creativity nexus＂, looking at influential cultural values, namely risk tolerance, relationship, and dependence on resources--to assess how they influence entrepreneurial decisions. A set of 137 qualified responses was obtained for this statistical examination. A categorical data analysis is performed to confirm that creativity and entrepreneurial spirit could hardly be separate, for both entrepreneurial and accomplished companies. Although the most important factor during implementation is still ＂relationship＂, business people are increasingly aware of the need of creativity/innovation in troubled times.

关键词： Creativity entrepreneurship economic transition Vietnam

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普通内科的全球现状及发展趋势(英文)

普通内科的全球现状及发展趋势(英文)

中华医学会第11届全国内科学术会议

作者： napier Thomson Professor Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourne PresldentRoyal Australasian College of Physicians

Internal Medicine-Global Perspective Definition of Internal Medicine Global health issues Practice of Internal Medicine Education/training in Internal Medicine International Society for Internal Medicine (ISIM)

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农业综合企业全球发展趋势和领先农场的反应

农村．社会．经济 2000年第2期52卷 25-32页

作者： napier,R 杨静等澳大利亚悉尼大学ORANGE农学院北京农学院经贸系