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Ultrasound-mediated targeted microbubbles： a new vehicle for cancer therapy

Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 20-28页

作者： Junxiao YE Huining HE Junbo GONG Weibing DONG Yongzhuo HUANG Jianxin WANG Guanyi cHEN Victor c YANG School of chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Fudan University Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education & PLA Shanghai 201203 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics School of Pharmacy Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1065 USA

With the hope of overcoming the serious side effects, great endeavor has been made in tumor-targeted chemotherapy, and various drug delivery modalities and drug carriers have been made to decrease systemic toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Scientists from home and abroad focus on the research of targeted microbubbles contrast agent, and the use of the targeted ultrasound microbubble contrast agent can carry gene drugs and so on to the target tissue, as well as mediated tumor cell apoptosis and tumor microvascular thrombosis block, etc., thus plays the role of targeted therapy. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanisms of drug release and absorption, however, much work remains to be done in order to develop a successful and optimal system. In this review, we summarized the continuing efforts in under-standing the usage of the ultrasound triggered target microbubbles in cancer therapy, from release mechanism to preparation methods. The latest applications of ultra-sound-triggered targeted microbubbles in cancer therapy, especially in gene therapy and antiangiogenic cancer therapy were discussed. Moreover, we concluded that as a new technology, ultrasound-triggered targeted microbubbles used as drug carriers and imaging agents are still energetic and are very likely to be translated into clinic in the near future.

关键词： ultrasound-mediated targeted microbubbles cancer

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The double helium-white dwarf channel for the formation of AM cVn binaries

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第1期18卷 101-112页

作者： Xian-Fei Zhang Jin-Zhong Liu c.Simon Jeffery Philip D.Hall Shao-Lan Bi Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill School of Physics Trinity College Dublin

Most close double helium white dwarfs will merge within a Hubble time due to orbital decay by gravitational wave ***,a significant fraction with low mass ratios will survive for a long time as a consequence of stable mass *** stable mass transfer between two helium white dwarfs（He WDs） provides one channel for the production of AM cVn binary *** previous calculations of double He WD progenitors,the accreting He WD was treated as a point *** have computed the evolution of 16 double He WD models in order to investigate the consequences of treating the evolution of both components in *** find that the boundary between binaries having stable and unstable mass transfer is slightly modified by this *** comparing with observed periods and mass ratios,we redetermine masses of eight known AM cVn stars by our double He WDs channel,*** cnc,AM cVn,V406 Hya,J0926,J1240,GP com,Gaia14 aae and V396 *** propose that central spikes in the triple-peaked emission spectra of J1240,GP com and V396 Hya and the surface abundance ratios of N/c/O in GP com can be explained by the stable double He WD *** mass estimates derived from our calculations are used to discuss the predicted gravitational wave signal in the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna（LISA） project.

关键词： stars:peculiar(helium) stars:white dwarfs binaries:close gravitational waves

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Patterns of magpie nest utilization by a nesting raptor community in a secondary forest

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1253-1259页

作者： Tong Zhou a,Haitao Wang a,c,Yu Liu b,Fumin Lei c,Wei Gaoa,a Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology,Ministry of Education,School of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,changchun 130024,china b Natural History Museum,Northeast Normal University,changchun 130117,china c Institute of Zoology,chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,china [a]Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China [b]Natural History Museum Northeast Normal University Changchun 130117 China [c]Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

For a total of 9 years,we examined the patterns of a nesting raptor community that utilized European Magpie(Pica pica) nests in the Zuojia Natural Reserve,northeast *** raptor species and two other bird species were recorded nesting in magpie *** reuse rate of abandoned magpie nests was 51.6%,and the number of reused nests was positively correlated with their *** utilized 83.3% of the reused abandoned magpie *** followed for more than 1 year were reused by raptors an average of 1.13 ***-specific nest usurpation was common,with 17.3% of new magpie nests being usurped by raptors,and four cases of usurpation occurred among different raptor *** the community level,8 of 11 raptor species took over magpie nests to breed in the study area,and 91.9% of their nests came from magpie *** Magpies represent the core species in the nest web of the local raptor community that utilizes magpie *** the forest stand level,closer proximity to forest edges and greater distances from occupied raptor nests were the best predictors of nest *** the nest-site level,arbor density and canopy coverage were the best predictors of nest reuse.

关键词： European Magpie Nest reuse Nest usurpation Raptor community

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MATHEMATIcAL MODEL FOR THE ENTERPRISE cOMPETITIVE ABILITY AND PERFORMANcE THROUGH A PARTIcULAR EMDEN-FOWLER EQUATION u〞-n^(-q-1)u(n)~q=0

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2018年第4期38卷 1311-1321页

作者： Yue-Loong cHANc Meng-Rong LI c. Jack YUE Yong-Shiuan LEE Tsung-Jui cHIANG-LIN Department of Phycology National Chengchi University Taipei China Department of Mathematical Sciences National Chengchi University Taipei China Department of Statisitics National Chengchi University Taipei China Graduate Institute of Finance National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei China

In this article, we work with the ordinary equation u″-n-q-1u（n）q=0 and learn some interesting phenomena concerning the blow-up and the blow-up rate of solution to the equation.

关键词： estimate life-span blow-up blow-up rate competitive ability performance

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Purinergic contraction of the rat vas deferens in L-NAME-induced hypertension：effect of sildenafil

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 415-421,I0012页

作者： Serap Gur Suresh c. Sikka Gillian E. Knight Geoffrey Bumstock Wayne J.G. Hellstrom Department of Urology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA Autonomic Neuroscience centre Royal Free and University College Medical School Rowland Hill Street London NW32PF UK

Hypertension （HTN） is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction, but its effect on vas deferens （VD） contractility and the ejaculatory response has not been delineated. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, was used for induction of nitric oxide （NO）-deficient HTN. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of L-NAME-induced HTN on rat VD contractility and to determine whether sildenafil affects VD contractility. A total of 36 male rats were divided into （1） control, （2）L-NAME-HTN, （3） sildenafil treated L-NAME-HTN groups. Group 2 was treated with L-NAME （40 mg kgI per day） in drinking water for 4 weeks. Group 3 received sildenafil （1.5 mg kg^-1 per day, by oral gavage） concomitantly with L-NAME. The prostatic portion of the VD was subjected to electrical field stimulation （EFS, 1-20 Hz）, and the P2X1 agonist α,β-methylene ATP （α,β meATP, 100 μmol L^-1-1 μmol L-1） and the al-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine （Phe, 100 μmol L^-1-1 mmol L^-1） were used to construct concentration-response curves. These experiments were repeated in the presence of P2X receptor antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2＇,4＇-disulfonic acid （PPADS, 30 μmol L-1）. VD contractions in response to EFS, a,β-meATP and Phe were significantly enhanced by L-NAME. Sildenafil treatment in the L-NAME group improved the contractile response of VD to EFS （20 Hz）. In the presence of PPADS, the enhanced contractile response of VD to EFS and a,β-meATP in hypertensive rats was reversed. In the rat model of chronic NO depletion, the purinergic and adrenergic components and EFS affect VD contractility. The VD contractile response may be mediated more by the purinergic system than the adrenergic system, and sildenafil may alter the ejaculatory response in men with PE.

关键词： hypertensive rat NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester purinergic receptors P2X sildenafil vas deferens

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Primary parasitoids of red scale （Aonidiella aurantii） in Australia and a review of their introductions from Asia

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 150-168页

作者： Hang T. Dao G. Andrew c. Beattie Robert Spooner-Hart Markus Riegler Paul Holford University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia Plant Protection Research Institute Chem Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam

We used morphological and molecular differences to confirm the identities of red scale （Aonidiella aurantii） and yellow scale （A. citrina）, and their primary parasitoids, in Australia. An extension to the distribution of yellow scale was confirmed. Six primary parasitoids of red scale were identified： Aphytis chrysomphali, A. lingnanensis, A. melinus, comperiella bifasciata, Encarsia citrina, and E. perniciosi. With the exception of A. lingnanensis, these parasitoids, and a species of Aphelinus, were detected in association with red scale during studies in citrus orchards in coastal New South Wales between 2009 and 2012. Two races ofA. melinus were recorded： one from the Indian Subcontinent, the other previously only recorded in china. The studies, and reviews of historical records, led us to conclude that 4 parasitoids, A. lingnanensis, c. bifasciata, and both species of Encarsia, were present in Australia before successful or unsuccessful formal introductions between 1902 and 1970. The A. melinus race previously recorded in china may also have been present before the Indian Subcontinent race was formally introduced in 1961. We suggest the possibility that the natural distribution of some of the parasitoids may include East and Southeast Asia, and parts of Australasia. We found no reports of native armored scales being recorded on species and hybrids of citrus introduced to Australia, and no reports of introduced armored scales being recorded on native Rutaceae, including 6 species of citrus. However, we subsequently recorded yellow scale on Geijera parviflora, a native rutaceous tree.

关键词： Aonidiella Aphytis citrus comperiella Encarsia red scale

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Synthesis and graphitization of resole resins by ferrocene

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第1期29卷 71-80页

作者： S.I.Talabi A.P.Luz V.c.Pandolfelli J.S.Bernardes A.A.Lucas Federal University of S?o carlos Materials Engineering Department University of Ilorin Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano) National Center for Energy and Materials (CNPEM)

commercial(Rs) and laboratory synthesized resoles(LSRs) containing 3–5 wt% ferrocene have been used to study the development of thermosetting resin compositions as binder materials for carbon-containing refractories(ccRs) production. The LSRs were developed based on formaldehyde to phenol 1.5 mol.%(1.5 Rs) and 2.0 mol.%(2 Rs). Microstructure and oxidation resistance of carbons derived from plain and modified resins have been compared. chemical structure of the resins was studied using Fourier Transform InfraRed-Attenuated Total Reflection(FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine chemical changes during heat treatment of the modified products. Flow behavior of plain and formulated resins has been measured under isothermal condition. Rheology measurement results show that the selected amount of ferrocene did not affect the resin near-Newtonian fluid behavior and processability during refractory production. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis and transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) were used to characterize the derived carbon samples after thermal treatment of the resins. The results demonstrate that ferrocene is an excellent additive for crystallizing resoles carbon. The presence of fringes in TEM images indicates the graphitized carbon microstructure. The carbon reactivity in an oxidizing environment was also determined via thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA). Several factors, such as bond strength and atoms arrangement, have been found to control the carbonized modified-resin oxidation resistance.

关键词： Resole resins Synthesis Graphitization Microstructure Oxidation resistance

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An analysis of quantitative PcR reliability through replicates using the c_(t)method

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第5期3卷 459-469页

作者： chris c.Stowers Frederick R.Haselton Erik M.Boczko Bioprocess R&D Division Dow AgroSciences LLc Indianapolis IndianaUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville NashvilleUSA Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical center Nashville NashvilleUSA

There is considerable interest in quantitatively measuring nucleic acids from single cells to small populations. The most commonly employed laboratory method is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PcR) analyzed with the crossing point or crossing threshold (ct) method. Utilizing a multiwell plate reader we have performed hundreds of replicate reactions each at a set of initial conditions whose initial number of copies span a concentration range of ten orders of magnitude. The resultant ct value distributions are analyzed with standard and novel statistical techniques to assess the variability/reliability of the PcR process. Our analysis supports the following conclusions. Given sufficient replicates, the mean and/or median ct values are statistically distinguishable and can be rank ordered across ten orders of magnitude in initial template concentration. As expected, the variances in the ct distributions grow as the number of initial copies declines to 1. We demonstrate that these variances are large enough to confound quantitative classi?cation of the initial condition at low template concentrations. The data indicate that a misclassi?cation transition is centered around 3000 initial copies of template DNA and that the transition region correlates with independent data on the thermal wear of the TAQ polymerase enzyme. We provide data that indicate that an alternative endpoint detection strategy based on the theory of well mixing and plate ?lling statistics is accurate below the mis- classi?cation transition where the real time method becomes unreliable.

关键词： Misclassification Transition Single Molecule counting Rank Ordering Running Title PcR Replicates and Reliability

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Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene composites Reinforced with Macadamia Nutshell Fibers

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第10期7卷 1047-1053页

作者： Joyce de P.cipriano N.c.Zanini I.R.Dantas D.R.Mulinari Faculdade de Tecnologia/FAT/UERJ Rodovia Presidente Dutra km 298 Polo IndustrialResende27537-000Brazil Universidade Federal Fluminense Avenida dos Trabalhadores420Vila Santa CecíliaVolta Redonda27255-125Brazil

The use of natural fibers as an additive in polymeric matrices has attracted interest of the automotive industries,for its low cost,mechanical properties,biodegradability and ***,the hydrophilic nature of the fiber makes polymer compatibility *** surface treatments can be used to enhance the fiber/matrix *** the present work,polypropylene(PP)composites reinforced with fibers from macadamia nutshell were obtained and *** nutshell fibers were treated by an alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide(NaOH 4%)to improve adhesion between fibers and *** were characterized by techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD).The PP was mixed with the macadamia fibers(treated and untreated),in proportions of 5 and 10%(wt/wt)using a thermokinetic *** tensile,flexural and impact specimens(Pure PP and composites)were prepared by an injection molding process and tested for evaluation of mechanical *** results showed that the insertion of treated fibers in the PP matrix increased the stiffness of the ***,the composites reinforced with untreated fibers presented higher impact energy absorption when compared to composites reinforced with treated fibers.

关键词： Macadamia nutshell polypropylene alkaline treatment mechanical properties

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EFFEcTS OF cu and Mg ON MIcROSTRUcTURE AND PROPERTIES OF -Al(3-4 Wt%)Li ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第6期9卷 659+657-663页

作者： c.G.Jiao G.F. Yu and M.G. Yan(Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ) Beijing Inst of Aeronautical materials Beijing China

The influences of cu and Mg on the microstructure and properties of rapidly solidified Al(3-4 wt% )Li alloys prepared by atomization technique have been studied in the present *** results showed that additions of cu and Mg in high lithium content RS Al-Li alloys are limited due to the formation of coarse intermetallics during solution treatment. With certain addition of cu,Mg and conventional heat treatment, the cu and Mg containing phase S(Al_2cuMg)was found to co-precipitate with δ' (Al_3Li) in the alloys. However the acceptable combinations of strength and ductility of the alloy could not be acquired. Optimizations of cu and Mg content added in high lithium RS Al-Li alloys are given and the reasons are discussed in detail.

关键词： Al-Li alloy microstructure and pruperty rapid solidification

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