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Quantitative Visualization of Two-Phase Acoustic Streaming Emitted from Ultrasonic Scaler

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2022年第3期10卷 87-97页

作者： Takayuki Yamagata Kota Kato naoki Takahashi Syuhei Mineo Koichi Tabeta Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Niigata Japan Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan

This study experimentally investigated two-phase acoustic streaming and droplet properties of aerosols, which were generated by a dental ultrasonic scaler. The velocity field of acoustic streaming was measured using particle image velocimetry with the generated liquid droplets as tracers, and the shadowgraph technique was adopted to measure the droplet diameter. In the PIV measurement of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, the injection of oil smoke substantially suppressed the number of invalid vectors. The acoustic streaming of the ultrasonic scaler showed maximum velocity at a region away from the scaler tip, and the maximum velocity increased with an increase in the liquid flow rate. The droplets of the ultrasonic scaler were generated by capillary waves and had a diameter on the order of tens of micrometers. These droplets effectively enhanced the velocity of the acoustic streaming in the two-phase case compared to the single-phase case without the droplets.

关键词： Acoustic Streaming Ultrasonic Scaler Aerosol Particle Image Velocimetry Shadowgraph Method

Prevaccination Antibody Confers Additional Immune Responses to Repeated Yearly Influenza Vaccination in an Elderly Population

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World Journal of Vaccines 2022年第2期12卷 11-19页

作者： Satoko Kitamura naoki Komatsu Masahide Matsushita Hiromi Seo Seisho Takeuchi Department of General Medicine Kochi Medical School Hospital Nankoku Japan Kochi General Rehabilitation Hospital Kochi Japan

Annual vaccination is necessary to maintain humoral immunity in the elderly population. However, the factors influencing the response to influenza vaccination have not been completely identified. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influenced antibody responses to repeated vaccination using measures that were both objective and quantitative. A total of 111 volunteers aged > 61 years were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of influenza vaccine from the 2005-2006 season through the 2009-2010 season. The factors that influenced antibody responses after vaccination were evaluated. The seroprotection rates (PRs) were significantly higher in responders (subjects with a higher antibody titer in the 2005-2006 season) than in nonresponders only in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons. PRs after vaccination were significantly higher in seropositive individuals (subjects with a higher prevaccination antibody titer in the 2006-2007 season) than in seronegative individuals for all three virus strains in almost all of the 5 years. Age, gender, and vaccination in the 2004-2005 season did not influence the response. These results suggest that an immune response at a certain time point would predict immune responses only in the near future. However, prevaccination antibody titer in the following season is the ideal predictor for future responses that last over several influenza seasons.

关键词： Influenza Vaccine Elderly Persons Repeated Vaccination Seroprotection Rate

Microstructural analyses of all-solid-state Li–S batteries using LiBH4-based solid electrolyte for prolonged cycle performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第11期29卷 424-429页

作者： Kazuaki Kisu Sangryun Kim Ryuga Yoshida Hiroyuki Oguchi naoki Toyama Shin-ichi Orimo Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversityKatahira 2-1-1Aoba-kuSendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Materials Research(IMR) Tohoku UniversityKatahira 2-1-1Aoba-kuSendai 980-8577Japan

Complex hydride materials have been widely investigated as potential solid electrolytes because they have good compatibility with the lithium metal anodes used in all-solid-state batteries. However, the development of all-solid-state batteries utilizing complex hydrides has been difficult as these cells tend to have short cycle lives. This study investigated the capacity fading mechanism of all-solid-state lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries using Li4(BH4)3I solid electrolytes by analyzing the cathode microstructure. Crosssectional scanning electron microscopy observations after 100 discharge–charge cycles revealed crack formation in the Li4(BH4)3I electrolyte and an increased cathode thickness. Raman spectroscopy indicated that decomposition of the Li4(BH4)3I solid electrolyte occurred at a constant rate during the cycling *** combat these effects, the cycle life of Li–S batteries was improved by increasing the amount of solid electrolyte in the cathode.

关键词： All-solid-state battery Complex hydride solid electrolyte Li metal anode Li–S battery Microstructure

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 654-659页

作者： LI Jun ZHANG Zhen-jia LI Zhi-rong HUANG Guang-yu naoki Abe School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Shenyang 110168 China GuangdongJiujiang Distillery Co. Ltd. Nanhai 528205 China Matsudo Research Laboratory Hitachi Plant Technologies. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

The distillery wastewater of Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery, which is characteristic of containing high organic matters and rich total nitrogen, was treated by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes. 80% of COD in the raw wastewater was removed by methane fermentation at the COD volumetric loading rate of 20 kg COD/（m^3·d） using the expanded granule sludge bed （EGSB） process. However, almost all the organic nitrogen in the raw wastewater was converted into ammonia by ammonification there. Ammonia and volatile fatty acids （VFA） remaining in the anaerobically treated wastewater were simultaneously removed utilizing VFA as an electron donor by denitrification occurring in the other EGSB reactor and nitrification using PEG-immobilized nitrifying bacteria with recirculation process. An aerobic biological contact oxidization reactor was designed between denitrification/nitrification reactor for further COD removal. With the above treatment system, 18000-28000 mg/L of COD in raw wastewater was reduced to less than 100 mg/L. Also, ammonia in the effluent of the system was not detected and the system had a high removal rate for 900-1200 mg/L of TN in the raw wastewater, only leaving 400 mg/L of nitrate nitrogen.

关键词： ammonia COD VFA methane fermentation denitrification nitrification distillery wastewater immobilized nitrifyingbacteria

The Influence of Iron on Ammonium Ion Generation from Nitrate Ion in Liquid Phase

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第1期7卷 2673-2677页

作者： Youhei Kinoshita naoki Okumura Kazunori Takashima Shinji Katsura Akira Mizuno Department of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 JapanDepartment of Ecological Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan

Flue gas cleaning in discharge plasma process has been studied intensivelyand we have tried to remove the NO_x and SO_2 using the wet-type plasma reactor. In this system, NOis oxidized to NO_2 and absorbed as NO_3^-, and SO_2 is absorbed as SO_3^(2-) and oxidized in theliquid to SO_4^(2-). But the concentration of NO_3^- was saturated and the absorption of NO_x andSO_2 was inhibited. Then, the reduction of NO_3^- in the liquid is required. We examined thereductive reaction of NO_3^- to NH_4^+ using discharge above the liquid surface then the pH value ofthe liquid was changed to alkaline slightly. When the Fe plate was used as a ground electrode inthe liquid, NH_4^+ was generated. Then, the relation between the generation of NH_4^+ and Fe ions(Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+)) was studied. When Fe^(2+) was presented in the liquid, NH_4^+ was generatedand Fe^(2+) was oxidized to Fe^(3+). Fe^(2+) is required to generate NH_4^+ from NO_3^-. When NH_4^+was generated from NO_3^-, both the calculated pH value from NH_4^+ concentration and the measuredpH value indicated a similar value. From these results, the discharge above the liquid surface waseffective to convert NO_3^- to NH_4^+ and the reductive reaction leads to more absorption of NO_3^-.These results showed that the wet-type plasma reactor is effective for NO_x and SO_2 removalsystem.

关键词： discharge plasma reduction nitric acid ammonium

What will happen in patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 283-285页

作者： Takefumi Kimura naoki Tanaka Eiji Tanaka Molecular Signaling Section Laboratory of Bioorganic ChemistryNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan Department of Metabolic Regulation Shinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Food Industry Shinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)have been become globally major chronic liver diseases(1,2).NAFLD is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis,hepatic failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(3).A large number of retrospective studies reported the importance of hepatic fibrosis with NAFLD patients as the strongest factor of liver-related mortality(4,5).On the other hand,NAFLD patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis are thought to have higer risk of developing vascular events and extrahepatic cancers because of the high prevalence of coexisting cardiometabolic risk factors,such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,and obesity(6).However,since former literatures included only few NAFLD patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis,it is hard to estimate the accurate risk on the whole spectrum of these complications.

关键词： patients hepatic NAFLD

Structural Analysis of a New Phase of BaNdMnO_4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第S1期25卷 1-3页

作者： Hiromi Nakano Norikatsu Kawabata Hirohisa Satoh naoki Kamegashira Ryukoku University SetaOtsu520-2194Japan Toyohasi University of Technology 441-8580Japan

Single crystal of BaNdMnO4 with I4/mmm was synthesized by a floating zone method. A new phase of BaNdMnO4 was obtained by annealing the single crystal in a reducing atmosphere at 573 K for 10 d. The structural change was analyzed by four-circle X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The new phase has an orthorhombic unit cell (Fmmm) of a=0.5486(2) nm, b=0.5484(2) nm, and c=1.3059(2) nm.

关键词： rare earth manganite structure transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffractometry

Phase Behavior and Crystal Structure of Perovskite-Type Rare Earth Complex Oxides

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 668-672页

作者： Migaku Kobayashi Ryoko Katsuraya Tsubasa Nara Yusuke Tomita Hiromi Nakano naoki Kamegashira Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Numazu College of Technology 3600 Ooka Numazu 410-8501 Japan Ryukoku University Seta Otsu 520-2194 Japan Department of Materials Science Toyohashi University of Technology Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan

Several compounds of rare earth complex oxides containing manganese and titanium were synthesized in Ar, and their crystal structures were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld method. Structures of A0.67Ln0.33 Mn0.33Ti0.6703（A = Ca or Sr and Ln = rare earth） were found to have orthorhombic symmetry with the space group Pnrna, and their interatomic distances and bond angles were obtained. This space group was also derived from electron microscopic study. Electrical conductivity of Cao.67Ln0.33Mn0.33Ti0.6703 for several rare earth elements showed a semiconducting property with the activation energy of 0.4 eV. Some of these compounds of the strontium system show the antiferromagnetic properties below 10 K.

关键词： perovskite crystal structure X-ray diffraction alkaline earth rare earth manganese titanium oxide

Room temperature operation of all-solid-state battery using a closo-type complex hydride solid electrolyte and a LiCoO_(2) cathode by interfacial modification

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第4期29卷 47-51页

作者： Sangryun Kim Kentaro Harada naoki Toyama Hiroyuki Oguchi Kazuaki Kisu Shin-ichi Orimo Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan New Industry Creation Hatchery Center(NICHe) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan

We report on an all-solid-state battery that employs a closo-type complex hydride solid electrolyte and a LiCoO2 *** modification between the solid electrolyte and cathode with a LiNbO3 buffer layer enables reversible charge-discharge cycling with a cell voltage of 3.9V (***^+/Li) at room *** analyses clarify that the given modification effectively suppresses side reactions at the cathode/solid electrolyte *** interfacial resistance is lowered by ca.10 times with a 5 nm thick LiNbO3 buffer layer compared to that without a buffer layer,so that a discharge capacity of 109 mAh g^-1 is *** results suggest that interfacial modification can be a viable approach to the development of high-voltage all-solid-state batteries using closo-type complex hydride solid electrolytes and oxide cathodes.

关键词： All-solid-state batteries Closo-type complex hydride Solid electrolyte High-voltage cathodes Interfacial modification