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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第47期11卷 7457-7460页

作者： Mei-Juan Zou Gang Cheng Hirokazu okamoto Xiu-Hua Hao Feng An Fu-De Cui Kazumi Danjo School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 Liaoning Province China Faculty of Pharmacy Meijo University 150 Yagotoyama Tempaku-ku Nagoya 468-8503 Japan

AIM： To investigate the release of cyclodextrin-S-amino- salicylic acid （CyD-S-ASA） in cecum and colon. METHODS： An anti-inflammatory drug 5-ASA was conjugated onto the hydroxyl groups of α-, β- and γ-cydodextrins （CyDs） through an ester linkage, and the in vivo drug release behavior of these prodrugs in rat＇ s gastrointestinal tract after the oral administration was investigated. RESULTS： The 5-ASA concentration in the rat＇s stomach and small intestine after the oral administration of CyD- 5-ASA conjugate was much lower than that after the oral administration of 5-ASA alone. The lower concentration was attributable to the passage of the conjugate through the stomach and small intestine without significant degradation or absorption, followed by the degradation of the conjugate site-specific in the cecum and colon. The oral administration of CyD-S-ASA resulted in lower plasma and urine concentration of 5-ASA than that of 5-ASA alone. CONCLUSION： CyD-5-ASA conjugates may be used as prodrugs for colon-specific drug delivery system.

关键词： Cyclodextrin 5-Aminosalicylic acid In vivo Colon-specific

Acoustic Resonance in Exhaust Gas Economizer Tube Bundles Prediction and Suppression of Resonance

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第10期4卷 770-780页

作者： Satoru okamoto Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Shimane University Matsue 690-8504 Japan

The tendency for air column resonance generation in structures with a constant volume behind a tube array like that of an exhaust gas economizer has been reported, but many points remain unclear with respect to the mechanism and conditions that generate acoustical resonance. When acoustical resonance is generated, in reality, prevention and suppression measures are implemented by inserting a baffle plate into the ducts through a process of trial and error. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of generation of acoustical resonance, and to establish an appropriate measure to prevent such resonance. Noise generated in an exhaust gas economizer was correlated with the flow inside the tube array and experimentally analyzed, and the mechanism for resonance generation was considered. In addition, the effectiveness of a baffle plate positioned in order to prevent resonance was investigated. We have successfully employed a single baffle plate to suppress resonance.

关键词： Flow-induced vibration baffle plate aerodynamic acoustics resonance noise suppression exhaust gas economizer.

Rectosigmoid findings are not associated with proximal colon cancer: Analysis of 6 196 consecutive cases undergoing total colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第15期11卷 2249-2254页

作者： Makoto okamoto Takao Kawabe Yutaka Yamaji Jun Kato Tsuneo Ikenoue Goichi Togo Haruhiko Yoshida Yasushi Shiratori Masao Omata Department of Gastroenterology

AIM: To review the risk of proximal colon cancer in patients undergoing ***: We estimated the risk of advanced proximal adenomas and cancers in 6 196 consecutive patients that underwent colonoscopy (mean age 60 years, 65% males,without prior history of colorectal examination). Neoplasms were classified as diminutive adenoma (5 mm or less),small adenoma (6-9 mm), advanced adenoma (10 mm or more, with villous component or high-grade dysplasia)and cancer (invasive adenocarcinoma). The sites of neoplasms were defined as rectosigmoid (rectum and sigmoid colon) and proximal colon (from cecum to descending colon).RESULTS: The trend of the prevalence of advanced proximal adenoma was to increase with severe rectosigmoid findings, while the prevalence of proximal colon cancer did not increase with severe rectosigmoid findings. Among the 157 patients with proximal colon cancer, 74% had no neoplasm in the rectosigmoid colon. Multivariate logisticregression analysis revealed that age was the main predictor of proximal colon cancer and existence of rectosigmoid adenoma was not a predictor of proximal colon ***: Sigmoidoscopy is inadequate for colorectal cancer screening, especially in older populations.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Advanced adenoma Rectosigmoid colon Proximal colon

Impact of obesity on the surgical outcome following repeat hepatic resection in Japanese patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第10期14卷 1553-1558页

作者： Tohru Utsunomiya Masahiro okamoto Toshihumi Kameyama Ayumi Matsuyama Manabu Yamamoto Megumu Fujiwara Masaki Mori Shiomi Aimitsu Teruyoshi Ishida Department of Surgery Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital Hiroshima Japan Department of Pathology Hiroshima RedCross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital Hiroshima730-8619 Japan Department of Radiology Hiroshima Red CrossHospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital Hiroshima730-8619 Japan Department of Internal Medicine of the Liver Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb SurvivorsHospital Hiroshima 730-8619 Japan

AIM: To evaluate the impact of obesity on the posto- perative outcome after hepatic resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Data from 328 consecutive patients with primary HCC and 60 patients with recurrent HCC were studied. We compared the surgical outcomes between the non-obese group (body mass index: BMI < 25 kg/m2) and the obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). RESULTS: Following curative hepatectomy in patients with primary HCC, the incidence of postoperative complications and the long-term prognosis in the non- obese group (n = 240) were comparable to those in the obese group (n = 88). Among patients with recurrent HCC, the incidence of postoperative complications after repeat hepatectomy was not significantly different between the non-obese group (n = 44) and the obese group (n = 16). However, patients in the obese group showed a significantly poorer long-term prognosis than those in the non-obese group (P < 0.05, five-yearsurvival rate; 51.9% and 92.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Obesity alone may not have an adverse effect on the surgical outcomes of patients with primary HCC. However, greater caution seems to be required when planning a repeat hepatectomy for obese patients with recurrent HCC.

关键词： Body mass index Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatectomy Prognosis

Pancreatic cancer with a high serum IgG4 concentration

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第38期12卷 6225-6228页

作者： Terumi Kamisawa Pong Yui Chen Yuyang Tu Hitoshi Nakajima Naoto Egawa Kouji Tsuruta Atsutake okamoto Tsunekazu Hishima Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital Bukyo-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Pathology Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan

Differentiation between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer is sometimes difficult. It has been reported that serum IgG4 concentrations are significantly elevated and particularly high (>135 mg/dL) in autoimmune pancreatitis. Measurement of serum IgG4 has become a useful tool for differentiating between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, we present a 74-year-old female with a markedly elevated serum IgG4 (433 mg/dL) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Elevated serum IgG4 levels continued after the resection. On histology, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas accompanied with moderate lymphoplasmacytic infiltration infiltrated the lower bile duct and duodenum, but there were no findings of autoimmune pancreatitis. Although a small metastasis was detected in one parapancreatic lymph node, regional lymph nodes were swollen. Abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells infiltrated the cancerous areas of the pancreas, but only a few IgG4-positive plasma cells were detected in the noncancerous areas. Pancreatic cancer cells were not immunoreactive for IgG4. An abundant infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells was detected in the swollen regional lymph nodes and in the duodenal mucosa. We believe that the serum IgG4 level was elevated in this patient with pancreatic cancer as the result of an IgG4-related systemic disease that had no clinical manifestations other than lymphadenopathy.

关键词： IgG4 Pancreatic cancer Autoimmune pancreatitis

MRCP and MRI findings in 9 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2919-2922页

作者： Terumi Kamisawa Pong-Yui Chen Yuyang Tu Hitoshi Nakajima Naoto Egawa Kouji Tsuruta Atsutake okamoto Noriko Kamata Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital Bukyo-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan

AIM： To evaluate magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （HRCP） findings in conjunction with magnetic resonance （MR） images in autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP） patients. METHODS： Nine patients with AIP underwent HRI, HRCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. The HRCP and MR images taken before and after steroid therapy were reviewed and compared with other imaging modalities. The HRCP findings of the AIP cases were compared to those of 10 cases with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.RESULTS： On MRCP, the narrowed portion of the main pancreatic duct noted on ERCP was not visualized, while the non-involved segments of the main pancreatic duct were visualized. The degree of upstream dilatation of the proximal main pancreatic duct was milder than that seen in cases of pancreatic carcinoma. Stenosis or obstruction of the lower bile duct was detected in 8 patients. MR images showed enlargement of the pancreas with decreased signal intensity on T1- weighted MR images, increased signal intensity on T2- weighted MR images, and, in 3 patients, a hypointense capsule-like rim. After steroid therapy, the previously not visualized portion of the main pancreatic duct was seen, along with improvement of the bile duct stenosis. Pancreatic enlargement decreased, and the abnormal signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MR images became isointense.CONCLUSION： MRCP cannot differentiate irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct seen with AIP from stenosis of the main pancreatic duct seen with pancreatic carcinoma. However, MRCP findings in conjunction with MR imaging of pancreatic enlargement that shows abnormal signal intensity on T1- and T2- weighted MR images are useful in supporting a diagnosis of AIP.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Magnetic resonance

The social life of the Japanese language

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The social life of the Japanese language

Long-term renal function, complications and life expectancy in living kidney donors

作者： Shigeko okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto-Smith

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World Journal of Transplantation 2012年第1期2卷 5-8页

作者： Masahiko okamoto Department of Surgery Akita Hospital Chiryu 472-0056 Japan Department of Transplantation and General Surgery Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto 602-8566 Japan

Living kidney transplantation is now a widely accepted treatment for end stage renal disease(ESRD) because it provides excellent outcomes for recipients. However, long-term outcomes of living kidney donors have not been well understood. Because securing the safety of the donor is essential to the continued success of this procedure, we reviewed articles discussing long-term outcomes of living kidney donors. Most studies found no decrease in long-term survival or progressive renal dysfunction in previous kidney donors. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension was comparable to that expected in the general population, although some did report otherwise. Urinary protein showed small increases in this population and was associated with hypertension and a lower glomerular filtration rate. Quality of life following living kidney donation seems to be better than the national norm. We also encountered several reports of ESRD in previous living kidney donors. Regular follow-up of kidney donors is recommended and future controlled, prospective studies will better delineate risk factors which cause health problems following living kidney donation.

关键词： Living kidney donor Long-term survival Hypertension Proteinuria Renal function Quality of life

Gas Temperature Distribution and Fluctuation in a Lab-Scale Fire Whirl

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2023年第2期11卷 15-29页

作者： Mariko Watanabe Koki okamoto Faculty of Science and Technology Sophia University Tokyo Japan

Fire whirls cause an increase in fire damage. This study clarified the unsteady behavior of fire whirls, considering that instantaneous changes in the temperature and flame shape of fire whirls can affect the damage to the surrounding area. Numerical simulations of a lab-scale flame that simulates a fire whirl were performed to investigate the changes in gas temperature and velocity fields under various fuel inflow velocities. The flow field was obtained by solving a continuity equation and a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation, and the turbulence was resolved using a large eddy simulation. A chemical equilibrium partially premixed combustion model was used, and radiation effects were considered. The time-averaged gas temperature distribution along the burner central axis revealed that the gas temperature decreased monotonically from upstream to downstream. The time-averaged velocity distribution along the burner central axis showed that the velocity decreased as one moved downstream, but the decrease was uneven. The time variation of the gas temperature demonstrated that the higher the fuel inflow velocity, especially near the burner, the greater the gas temperature flutter. Furthermore, the larger the fuel inflow velocity, the larger the flame swell and wobble. The results showed that the fuel inflow velocity affected temperature fluctuation and flame undulating movement.

关键词： Fire Whirl Numerical Simulation

Benefits of early postoperative jejunal feeding in patients undergoing duodenohemipancreatectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第1期12卷 89-93页

作者： Takehiro Okabayashi Michiya Kobayashi Isao Nishimori Tekeki Sugimoto Toyokazu Akimori Tsutomu Namikawa Ken okamoto Saburo Onishi Keijiro Araki Department of Tumor Surgery Kochi Medical SchoolNankokuKochi 783-8505Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kochi Medical SchoolNankokuKochi 783-8505Japan

AIM： To study whether early postoperative enteral nutrition reduces the incidence of complications and/or improves nutritional status following duodenohernipancre atectomy （DHP）. METHODS： We studied 39 patients who underwent DHP for a peri-ampullary mass. Twenty-three patients received total parental nutrition and then started to have an oral intake of nutrition between postoperative day （POD） 7 and 14 [late postoperative enteral nutrition （LPEN） group]. Sixteen patients started to have enteral feeding through a jejunostomy catheter the day after the operation [early postoperative enteral nutrition （EPEN） group]. The incidence of complications and laboratory data at the early postoperative stage were studied in comparison between LPEN and EPEN groups. RESULTS： Serum levels of albumin and total protein in the EPEN group were significantly higher than those in the LPEN group. The loss of body mass index was significantly suppressed in the EPEN group as compared to the LPEN group. The lymphocyte count decreased immediately after the operation was restored significantly faster in the EPEN group than in the LPEN group. The EPEN group showed significantly fewer incidences of postoperative pancreatic fistulas, as well as a significantly shorter length of hospitalization than the LPEN group. There were no significant differences in the incidences of other postoperative complications between the two groups, such as delayed gastric emptying, surgical site infection, cholangitis, and small bowel ***： EPEN is a safe and beneficiaopportunity for patients who have undergone DHP for a peri-ampullary mass.

关键词： Nutrition Postoperative jejunal feeding Pancreaticoduodenectomy Enteral nutrition