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Direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus and lipid metabolism

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第31期23卷 5645-5649页

作者： tatsuo kanda mitsuhiko moriyama division of gastro-enterology and hepatology department of medicine nihon university school of medicine

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection induces steatosis and is accompanied by multiple metabolic alterations including hyperuricemia, reversible hypocholesterolemia and insulin resistance. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels are increased by peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy when a sustained virologic response(SVR) is achieved in patients with HCV. Steatosis is significantly more common in patients with HCV genotype 3 but interferon-free regimens are not always effective for treating HCV genotype 3 infections. HCV infection increases fatty acid synthase levels, resulting in the accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes. Of note, low-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 proteins are candidate receptors that may be involved in HCV. They are also required for the uptake of cholesterol from the external environment of hepatocytes. Among HCV-infected patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, changes in serum lipid profiles are observed during interferon-free treatment and after the achievement of an SVR. It is evident that HCV affects cholesterol metabolism during interferon-free regimens. Although higher SVR rates were achieved with interferon-free treatment of HCV, special attention must also be paid to unexpected adverse events based on host metabolic changes including hyperlipidemia.

关键词：胆固醇丙肝病毒没有干扰素类脂化合物新陈代谢

Do predators prefer toxic animals?A case of chemical discrimination by an Asian snake that sequesters firefly toxins

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 627-634页

作者： Masaya FUKUDA Rinako UJIIE Takato INOUE Qin CHEN Chengquan CAO Li DING naoki MORI Akira MORI Department of Zoology Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8502Japan Department of Applied Life Science Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8502Japan Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China College of Life Sciences Leshan Normal UniversityLeshanSichuan 614000China

Several Asian natricine snakes of the genus Rhabdophis feed on toads and sequester steroidal cardiac toxins known as bufadienolides(BDs)from them.A recent study revealed that species of the Rhabdophis nuchalis Group ingest lampyrine fireflies to sequester *** several species of fireflies are distributed in the habitat of the *** Group,only lampyrine fireflies,which have BDs,are included in the diet of these ***,we hypothesized that the *** Group chemically distinguishes fireflies that have BDs from those that do not have *** also predicted that the *** Group detects BDs as the chemical cue of toxin *** test these predictions,we conducted 3 behavioral experiments using Rhabdophis chiwen,which belongs to the *** *** the first experiment,*** showed a moderate tongue flicking response to cinobufagin,a compound of *** the other hand,the snake showed a higher response to the chemical stimuli of lampyrine fireflies(BD fireflies)than those of lucioline fireflies(non-BD fireflies).In the second experiment,in which we provided live BD and non-BD fireflies,the snake voluntarily consumed only the *** the third,a Y-maze experiment,the snake tended to select the chemical trail of BD fireflies more frequently than that of non-BD *** results demonstrated that *** discriminates BD fireflies from non-BD fireflies,but the prediction that BDs are involved in this discrimination was not fully *** identify the proximate mechanisms of the recognition of novel toxic prey in the *** Group,further investigation is necessary.

关键词： Bufadienolides chemical preference fireflies Rhabdophis toxin sequestration

Seeing Is Believing:A Wavy N-Heteroarene with 20 Six-Membered Rings Linearly Annulated in a Row

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第11期4卷 3491-3496页

作者： Zhongbo Zhang Zilong Wang naoki Aratani Xiaozhang Zhu Qichun Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798 Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara 630-0192 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Department of Materials Science and Engineering Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films(COSDAF)City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077

Structurally well-defined arenes with higher numbers of linearly-fused six-member rings(n≥10)are important and highly desirable not only because of their experimental challenges but also due to their fundamental interests and the curiosity of their structure-property *** this research,we successfully synthesized a novel large N-heteroarene(N20)with 20 linearly-fused six-membered rings,which is the longest N-heteroarene(4.7 nm)confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)analysis so *** as-prepared arene displays a wave-like framework rather than a rigid ***,N20 shows high molar absorptivity of 364,000 M^(−1) cm^(−1) with its fluorescence extended to the near-infrared region.

关键词： N-heteroarenes single-crystal structure linear annulation optical properties

3D reconstruction size effect on the quantification of solid oxide fuel cell nickel-yttria-stabilized-zirconia anode microstructural information using scanning electron microscopy-focused ion beam technique

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Science Bulletin 2016年第17期61卷 1317-1323页

作者： Zhenjun Jiao naoki Shikazono Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo

Self-made conventional nickel-yttria-stabilized zirconia composite anodes after reduction and 500 h operation were analyzed by three-dimensional microstructure reconstruction based on focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy *** area,threephases-boundary density and phase volume fraction were measured based on the three-dimensional microstructure reconstruction to quantitatively study the statistical characterization of solid oxide fuel cell nickel-yttria-stabilizedzirconia anode microstructure before and after *** is found that for anode operated with long time,it is necessary to increase the corresponding three-dimensional reconstruction size to suppress the influence of microstructure variation caused by Ni agglomeration in order to obtain more accurate microstructural quantification information.

关键词： FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction TPB density Tetragonal mesh

Cathodoluminescence of diamond synthesized from silicon-carbide

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第3期41卷 208-212页

作者：洪时明 kanda Hisao 芶立 National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan

As a wide energy gap semiconductor, diamond is expected to play a role in UV light-emitting diode or laser. However, the impurities and vacancies in diamond exert a great influence on optical properties of the crystals. It is important, therefore, to study the relation between impurities and the optical properties, and furthermore, to study the control of the impurities.

关键词： high pressure synthesis diamond cathodoluminescence optical centre.

Molecules with a TEMPO-based head group as high-performance organic friction modifiers

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Friction 2023年第2期11卷 316-332页

作者： Jinchi HOU Masaki TSUKAMOTO Seanghai HOR Xingyu CHEN Juntao YANG Hedong ZHANG Nobuaki KOGA Koji YASUDA Kenji FUKUZAWA Shintaro ITOH naoki AZUMA Department of Complex Systems Science Graduate School of InformaticsNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8603Japan

High-performance organic friction modifiers(OFMs)added to lubricating oils are crucial for reducing energy loss and carbon *** establish a new class of OFMs,we measured the friction and wear properties of N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidinyl)dodecaneamide referred to as *** effect of its head group chemistry,which is characterized by a rigid six-membered ring sandwiched by an amide group and a terminal free oxygen radical,was also investigated with both experiments and quantum mechanical(QM)*** measurement results show that C12Amide-TEMPO outperforms the conventional OFMs of glyceryl monooleate(GMO)and stearic acid,particularly for load-carrying capacity,wear reduction,and stability of friction over *** friction and wear reduction effect of C12Amide-TEMPO is also greatly superior to those of C12Ester-TEMPO and C12Amino-TEMPO,in which ester and amino groups replace the amide group,highlighting the critical role of the amide *** QM calculation results suggest that,in contrast to C12Ester-TEMPO,C12Amino-TEMPO,and the conventional OFMs of GMO and stearic acid,C12Amide-TEMPO can form effective boundary films on iron oxide surfaces with a unique double-layer structure:a strong surface adsorption layer owing to the chemical interactions of the amide oxygen and free radical with iron oxide surfaces,and an upper layer owing to the interlayer hydrogen-bonding between the amide hydrogen and free radical or between the amide hydrogen and ***,the intralayer hydrogen-bonding in each of the two layers is also *** suggest that in addition to strong surface adsorption,the interlayer and intralayer hydrogen-bonding also increases the strength of the boundary films by enhancing the cohesion strength,thereby resulting in the high tribological performance of *** findings in this study are expected to provide new hints for the optimal molecular design of OFMs.

关键词： organic friction modifiers(OFMs) TEMPO friction and wear surface adsorption molecular reactivity boundary lubrication

Emerging evidence of the molecular landscape specific for hematogenous metastasis from gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第6期10卷 124-136页

作者： Dai Shimizu Mitsuro kanda Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya 466-8550Japan

Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most frequentlydiagnosed cancers in the world. Most GC patients are diagnosed when the cancer is in an advanced stage, and consequently, some develop metastatic lesions that generally cause cancer-related death. Metastasis establishment is affected by various conditions, such as tumor location, hemodynamics and organotropism. While digestive cancers may share a primary site, certain cases develop hematogenous metastasis with the absence of peritoneal metastasis, and vice versa. Numerous studies have revealed the clinicopathological risk factors for hematogenous metastasis from GC, such as vascular invasion, advanced age, differentiation, Borrmann type 1 or 2 and expansive growth. Recently, molecular mechanisms that contribute to metastatic site determination have been elucidated by advanced molecular biological techniques. Investigating the molecules that specifically participate in metastasis establishment in distinct secondary organs will lead to the development of novel biomarkers for patient stratification according to their metastatic risk and strategies for preventing and treating distinct metastases. We reviewed articles related to the molecular landscape of hematogenous metastasis from GC.

关键词： Gastric cancer Hematogenous metastasis Hepatic metastasis Molecular mechanism Biomarker Premetastatic niche

Long-lasting discussion: Adverse effects of intraoperative blood loss and allogeneic transfusion on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2743-2751页

作者： Koki Nakanishi Mitsuro kanda Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

Gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection is the most promising treatment avenue for patients with gastric cancer. However, this procedure sometimes induces excessive intraoperative blood loss and requires perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. There are lasting discussions and controversies about whether intraoperative blood loss or perioperative blood transfusion has adverse effects on the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. We reviewed laboratory and clinical evidence of these associations in patients with gastric cancer. A large amount of clinical evidence supports the correlation between excessive intraoperative blood loss and adverse effects on the prognosis. The laboratory evidence revealed three possible causes of such adverse effects: anti-tumor immunosuppression, unfavorable postoperative conditions, and peritoneal recurrence by spillage of cancer cells into the pelvis. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested the adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusions on prognostic parameters such as all-cause mortality, recurrence, and postoperative complications. There are two possible causes of adverse effects of blood transfusions on the prognosis: Anti-tumor immunosuppression and patient-related confounding factors (e.g., preoperative anemia). These factors are associated with a worse prognosis and higher requirement for perioperative blood transfusions. Surgeons should make efforts to minimize intraoperative blood loss and transfusions during gastric cancer surgery to improve patients’ prognosis.

关键词： Gastric cancer Blood loss Prognosis Transfusion Adverse effect Immunosuppression Mortality Recurrence Complication

Novel Phase Transition in BaPr_2Mn_2O_7

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第Z2期24卷 1-3页

作者： Hiromi Nakano naoki Kamegashira Ryukoku University SetaOtsu 520-2194Japan Toyohashi University of Technology Tenpaku-choToyohashi 441-8580Japan

The rare earth manganite BaLn2Mn2O7(Ln = rare earth element) has a Sr3Ti2O7-type layered perovskite structure with double-block oxygen octahedra belonging to the Ruddlesden-Popper-type homologous series AO(ABO3)2. In Pr-manganite, a novel phase transition was first observed in situ at 1040 K by a thermal transmission electron microscope. At 1040 K, reflections began to split along the c-direction in the selected area diffraction pattern. This indicates that a new phase appears in the original phase matrix; the c length of the new phase is 1.5% longer than that of the original phase. After about 5 min, the original phase disappears. No change in the crystal symmetry (space group 14/mmm) is observed above 1040 K.

关键词： rare earth manganite phase transition transmission electron microscope (TEM)