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CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai Yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance Xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng Huajie Cheng Shan Cheng Tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi Ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui University HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu University Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Bandirma Beihang University Beijing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research Institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal University Beijing Brown University ProvidenceRI Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo University Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central China Normal University WuhanHubei Central South University ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan China academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan China building materials academy Beijing China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China Jiliang University HangzhouZhejiang China Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing China University of Geosciences Beijing China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei China University of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu China West Normal University NanchongSichuan Chongqing University Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn University Bangkok City University of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Cornell University IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian Minzu University DalianLiaoning Dalian University of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP JINR) Dubna East China University Of Science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A−a performance study

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 518-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China 230026 HefeiAnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina School of Physics Peking University100871 BeijingChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University510006 GuangzhouGuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen University519000 ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University530004 NanningGuangxiChina Hebei Normal University 050024 ShijiazhuangHebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University450001 ZhengzhouHenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University266237 QingdaoShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences200030 ShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University610031 ChengduSichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina School of Physics and Tec

A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 *** though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of *** this paper,we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray *** detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May *** the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection *** energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14).(E/20 TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02syscm^(-2) s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other *** opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula extensive air showers cosmic rays

Geometrical reconstruction of fluorescence events observed by the LHAASO experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 416-425页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.DEtorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang J.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y..Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Saiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.F.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Paricle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui 230026China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519000China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi 530004China Hebei Normal University ShijiazhuangHebei 050024China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdaoShandong 266237China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasaTibet 850000China School of physics and technology Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072Ch

The LHAASO-WFCTA experiment,which aims to observe cosmic rays in the sub-EeV range using the fluorescence technique,uses a new generation of high-performance *** ensure that the experiment has ex-cellent detection capability associated with the measurement of the energy spectrum,the primary composition of cosmic rays,and so on,an accurate geometrical reconstruction of air-shower events is *** paper de-scribes the development and testing of geometrical reconstruction for stereo viewed events using the WFCTA(Wide Field of view Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array)*** approaches,which take full advantage ofthe WFCTA *** *** is the stereo-angular method,which uses the pointing of triggered SiPMs in the shower trajectory,and the other is the stereo-timing method,which uses the triggering time of the fired *** results show that both methods have good geometrical resolution:the resolution of the stereo-timing method is slightly better than the stereo-angular method because the resolution of the latter is slightly limited by the shower track length.

关键词： cosmic ray fluorescence telescope stereo observation geometrical reconstruction

Prospects for a multi-TeV gamma-ray sky survey with the LHAASO water Cherenkov detector array

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第6期44卷 123-132页

作者： F.Aharonian V.Alekseenko Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri9 X.J.Bi H.Cai Zhe Cao Zhen Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang S.P.Chao B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.L.Chen M.J.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli J.Fang J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan C.F Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He J.C.He M.Heller S.L.He Y.He C.Hou D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang H.B.Hu S.Hu H.Y.Jia K.Jiang F.Ji C.Jin X.L.Ji K.Levochkin E.W.Liang Y.F Liang Cheng Li Cong Li F.Li H.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.M.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Z.Li Z.Li B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.D.Liu H.Liu J.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood X.H.Ma W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei B.Q.Qiao M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi Y.Stenkin V.Stepanov Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian D.D.Volpe C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang L.Y.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang X.J.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.N.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu G.M.Xiang G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.Xing R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Q.Yuan Y.H.Yu Z.J.Jiang H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Yi Zhang Yong Zhang Y.F.g Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduShichuanChina University of Science and Technology of China 230026 HefeiAnhuiChina Tsinghua University 100084 BeijingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina School of Physics Peking University100871 BeijingChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University510006 GuangzhouGuangdongChina Sun Yat-sen University 519000 ZhuhaiGuangdongChina Shool of Physics and Technology Guangxi University530004 NanningGuangxiChina Hebei Normal University 050024 ShijiazhuangHebeiChina School of Physics and Engineering Zhengzhou University450001 ZhengzhouHenanChina Nanjing University 210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210034 NanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University266237 QingdaoShandongChina Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences200030 ShanghaiChina School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University610031 ChengduSichuanChina Sichuan University 610065 ChengduSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina School of physics and technology Wuhan university430072 WuhanChina Yunnan University 650091 KunmingYunnanChina Yunnan Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences650216 KunmingYunnanChina Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde GenéveGenevaSwitzerland Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam PlaceDublin 2Ireland Max-Planc

The Water Cherenkov Detector Array(WCDA) is a major component of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Array Observatory(LHAASO), a new generation cosmic-ray experiment with unprecedented sensitivity, currently under construction. WCDA is aimed at the study of TeV γ-rays. In order to evaluate the prospects of searching for TeV γ-ray sources with WCDA, we present a projection of the one-year sensitivity of WCDA to TeV γ-ray sources from TeVCat using an all-sky approach. Out of 128 TeVCat sources observable by WCDA up to a zenith angle of 45°, we estimate that 42 would be detectable in one year of observations at a median energy of 1 TeV. Most of them are Galactic sources, and the extragalactic sources are Active Galactic Nuclei(AGN).

关键词： TeVγ-ray astronomy observational prospect LHAASO-WCDA

Line-of-shower trigger method to lower energy threshold for GRB detection using LHAASO-WCDA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 531-541页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chan B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Chen Y.D.Chen S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Don J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fan C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Fen Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Gen G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huan W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Shen J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wan C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wan R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wan X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wan Y.J.Wan Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yan R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhan X.Zhang X.P.Zhan Y.Zhan Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhan B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physic

Purpose Observation of high energy and very high emission from Gamma Ray Bursts(GRBs)is crucial to study the gigantic explosion and the underline *** a large field-of-view and almost full duty cycle,the Water Cherenkov Detector Array(WCDA),a sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),is appropriate to monitor the very high energy emission from unpredictable transients such as *** Nevertheless,the main issue for an extensive air shower array is the high energy threshold which limits the horizon of the *** address this issue a new trigger method is developed in this article to lower the energy threshold of WCDA for GRB *** The proposed method significantly improves the detection efficiency of WCDA for gamma-rays around the GRB direction at 10-300 *** sensitivity of the WCDA for GRB detection with the new trigger method is *** achieved sensitivity of the quarter WCDA array above 10 GeV is comparable with that of *** data analysis process and corresponding fluence upper limit for GRB 190719C is presented as an example.

关键词： LHAASO WCDA GRB

Reconstruction of Cherenkov image bymultiple telescopes of LHAASO-WFCTA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第4期6卷 544-557页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai Zhe Cao Zhen Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang E.S.Chen Liang Chen Liang Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen H.L.Cheng N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu Ddella Volpe K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao L.Q.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li Cheng Li Cong Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li WLLi XRLi Xin Li Xin Li YZLi Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu Q.Luo H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri Y.C.Nan Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi Y.Q.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz C.Y.Shao L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.Y.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang H.W.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang L.X.Zhang Li Zhang Lu Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zhang S.R.Zhang S. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelovia Cinthia80126 NapoliItaly School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève

Introduction One of main scientiﬁc goals of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)is to accurately measure the energy spectra of different cosmic ray compositions around the‘knee’*** Wide Field-of-View(FoV)Cherenkov Telescope Array(WFCTA),which is one of the main detectors of LHAASO and has 18 telescopes,is built to achieve this *** telescopes are put together and point to connected directions for a larger *** Telescopes are deployed spatially as close as possible,but due to their own size,the distance between two adjacent telescopes is about 10 ***,the Cherenkov lateral distribution and the parallax between the two telescopes should be considered in the event building process for images crossing over the boundaries of FoVs of the *** event building method for Cherenkov images measured by multiple telescopes of WFCTA is *** performance of the shower measurements using the combined images is evaluated by comparing with showers that are fully contained by a virtual telescope in *** and conclusion It is proved that the developed event building process can help to increase the FoV of WFCTA by 30%while maintaining the same reconstruction quality,compared to the separate telescope reconstruction method.

关键词： method directions conclusion

A dynamic range extension system for LHAASOWCDA-1

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 520-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physics

Purpose The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 *** observe high-energy shower events,especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV,a dynamic range extension system(WCDA++)is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in *** The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events,which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary *** and Conclusion The system has been running for more than one *** this paper,the details of the design and performance of WCDA++are presented.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA WCDA++ Water Cherenkov detector Performance

Performance of LHAASO-WCDA and observation of the Crab Nebula as a standard candle

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第8期45卷 166-181页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Saiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University

The first Water Cherenkov detector of the LHAASO experiment(WCDA-1)has been operating since April *** data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard *** WCDA-1 achieves a sensitivity of 65 mCU per year,with a statistical threshold of 5 *** accomplish this,a 97.7%cosmic-ray background rejection rate around 1 TeV and 99.8%around 6 TeV with an ap proximate photon acceptance of 50%is achieved after applying an algorithm to separate gamma-induced *** angular resolution is measured using the Crab Nebula as a point source to be approximately 0.45°at 1 TeV and better than 0.2°above 6 TeV,with a pointing accuracy better than 0.05°.These values all match the design *** energy resolution is found to be 33%for gamma rays around 6 *** spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the range from 500 GeV to 15.8 TeV is measured and found to be in agreement with the results from other TeV gamma ray observatories.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA Crab Nebula angular resolution spectral energy distribution

Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during a thunderstorm on June 10,2021

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第1期47卷 193-203页

作者： F.Aharonian 安琪阿西克古白立新白云翔包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军毕玉江蔡金庭曹喆曹臻常进常劲帆陈恩生陈良陈亮陈龙陈明君陈玛丽陈素弘陈松战陈天禄陈学健陈阳程皓麟程宁程耀东崔树旺崔晓红崔昱东戴本忠代洪亮戴子高单增罗布 D.della Volpe 段凯凯樊军辉范一中范志香方军方堃冯存峰封莉冯少辉丰晓婷冯有亮高博高川东高林青高启高卫高伟康葛茂茂耿利斯龚光华苟全补顾旻皓郭福来郭俊广郭晓磊郭义庆郭莹莹韩毅昂何会海贺昊宁何思乐何新波何钰 M.Heller 贺远强侯超侯贤胡红波胡铨胡森胡世聪呼晓军黄代绘黄文昊黄性涛黄晓渊黄勇黄志成季筱璐贾焕玉贾康江琨姜泽军金敏康明铭柯通 D.Kuleshov 李兵兵李澄李骢李飞李海波李会财李华阳李军李剑李捷李凯李文龙李秀荣李昕李新李一卓李哲黎卓梁恩维梁云峰林苏杰刘冰刘成刘栋刘虎刘海东刘佳刘江来刘佳松刘金艳刘茂元柳若愚刘四明刘伟刘怡刘以农龙文杰鲁睿罗晴吕洪魁马伯强马玲玲马欣华毛基荣 A.Masood 闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 南云程区子维庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远齐孟尧祁业情乔冰强秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz 邵澄宇邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东石京燕宋慧超 Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬孙秦宁孙晓娜孙志斌谭柏轩唐泽波田文武王博东王超王辉王洪光王建成王界双王利苹王玲玉王冉王润娜王为王祥高王祥玉王阳王玉东王岩谨王亚平王忠海王仲翔王振王铮韦大明魏俊杰魏永健文韬吴超勇吴含荣武莎吴雪峰吴雨生席邵强夏捷夏君集项光漫肖迪泫肖刚辛广广辛玉良邢祎熊峥徐东莲徐仁新薛良闫大海颜景志杨朝文杨冯帆杨何文杨佳盈杨莉莉杨明洁杨睿智杨深邦姚玉华姚志国叶一锰尹丽巧尹娜游晓浩游智勇于艳红袁强岳华曾厚敦曾婷轩曾玮曾宗康查敏翟徐徐张彬彬张丰张海明张恒英张建立张丽霞张力张路张鹏飞张佩佩张瑞张少博张少如张寿山张潇张笑鹏张云峰张月雷张毅张勇赵兵赵静赵雷赵立志赵世平郑福郑应周斌周浩周佳能周平周荣周勋秀祝成光祝凤荣朱辉朱科军左雄 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University519000 Zhuhai&510275 GuangzhouGuangdongChina Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelovia Cinthia80126 NapoliItaly School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China D´epartement de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève24 Quai Ernest Ansermet1211 GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Depar

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has three sub-arrays,KM2A,WCDA,and *** flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during a thunderstorm on June 10,*** number of shower events that meet the trigger conditions increases significantly in atmospheric electric fields,with a maximum fractional increase of 20%.The variations in trigger rates(increases or decreases)were found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith *** flux of secondary particles increased significantly,following a trend similar to that of shower *** better understand the observed behavior,Monte Carlo simulations were performed with CORSIKA and G4KM2A(a code based on GEANT4).We found that the experimental data(in saturated negative fields)were in good agreement with the simulations,assuming the presence of a uniform electric field of-700 V/cm with a thickness of 1500 m in the atmosphere above the observation *** to the acceleration/deceleration by the atmospheric electric field,the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold was modified,resulting in the changes in shower detection rate.

关键词： thunderstorm cosmic rays extensive air showers LHAASO-KM2A