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How Himalayan communities are changing cultivation practices in the context of climate change

Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 378-389页

作者： Ashma SUBEDI nani raut Smriti GURUNG Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre45200Nepal

Climate change can have significant impacts on crop yields and food *** study assessed the linkages between climate change and crop yields to obtain a better understanding on the drivers of food *** study was conducted in Pasagaun village of Lamjung District in Nepal,where household surveys and focus group discussions(FGDs)were used to collect data including crop cultivation,irrigation facilities,and adaptation ***,climate data(temperature and precipitation)from 1992 to 2020 were collected from the Khudi Bazar meteorological station and crop yield data were obtained from the Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics *** analysis of temperature and precipitation was conducted using MannKendall trend test and Sen’s slope method,and the results showed an increase in the average temperature of approximately 0.02℃/a and a decrease in the annual precipitation of 9.84 mm/*** cultivation of traditional varieties of rice and foxtail millet(Kaguno)has ***,there was no significant impact of the maximum temperature on the yield of rice and maize,the regression analysis revealed that there are negative relationships between rice yield and annual minimum temperature(r=-0.44),between millet yield and annual precipitation(r=-0.30),and between maize yield and annual minimum temperature(r=-0.31),as well as positive relationship between rice yield and annual precipitation(r=0.16).Moreover,average rice yield and millet yield have decreased by 27.0% and 57.0% in 2000-2020,*** other reasons for the decrease in crop yield such as the lack of irrigation facilities,out-migration of farmer,and increased pest infestation,respondents have adopted adaptation strategies(for example,shifts in cultivation time and changes in crop types)to minimize the impacts of climate *** investigation and community-based farming education are needed to understand and alleviate the harmful impacts of climate change on crop yield,

关键词： Climate change Crop yield Adaptation strategies Farming practices Food security Nepal

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Agroforestry Practices in Midhills of Nepal from Gender Perspective

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Open Journal of Forestry 2019年第4期9卷 323-340页

作者： Deepa Paudel Krishna Raj Tiwari nani raut Bishal K. Sitaula Prabin Poudel Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University Pokhara Nepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Science Kathmandu University Dhulikhel Nepal Department of International Environment and Development Studies Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway

Agroforestry practice is becoming compassionate option for rural communities to fulfil basic needs and generate income for households’ wellbeing. Gender consideration seems worthful to obtain optimum benefits from agroforestry practices in the scarcity of male labour in the locality. This paper has attempted to analyse tendency of gendered participation in agroforestry practice and their existence in gaining benefits. We selected three mid-hills districts of Nepal where people are adopting both traditional (fulfilling subsistence needs) and improved (commercial purpose along with fulfilling subsistence needs) practices. We organized focused group discussions (n = 9), randomly sampled (n = 420) households for interview from each practice (n = 210) to analyse gendered wise participation in farm establishment, management intervention, capacity building and access to information, known as major agroforestry promoting activities. Key informant interview (n = 18), focused group discussions (n = 9), randomly sampled (n = 420) households for interview from each practice (n = 210) was organized to analyse gendered wise participation in farm establishment, management intervention, capacity building and access to information, known as major agroforestry promoting activities. Women participation seemed to be higher in establishment activities than male in traditional practices whereas males were front in applying chemical fertilizer and pesticides and irrigation in improved practices. While changing in practices from traditional to improved, male participation during land tillage found to be significant. Male domination was observed in making decisions regarding species selection in traditional practices whereas women domination was observed in improved practices. Men’s involvement in species selection and plantation was found significant with changing in practices from traditional to improved. Men were ahead in capacity building and skill development activities in traditional

关键词： Traditional Improved Gender Benefits Technology

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Morphometric Analysis of Gilgit River Basin in Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan Province, Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第7期5卷 70-88页

作者： Karamat Ali Roshan M. Bajracharya Bishal Kumar Sitaula nani raut Hriday Lal Koirala Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Aquatic Ecology Center Kathmandu University Kathmandu Nepal Department of Environmental Sciences Karakoram International University Gilgit Pakistan Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) Akershus Norway Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal

Watershed morphometric analysis of a basin is key to understand the hydrological processes. The Gilgit river basin is situated in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan. The provincial capital of Gilgit-Baltistan is located in the lower part of the basin. Morphometric evaluation of the Gilgit river basin was carried out to study its drainage characteristics and overall water resource potential. The entire Gilgit river basin has been divided into six sub-basins to calculate and analyze the selected morphometric parameters. Morphometric parameters have been classified into linear, aerial and relief aspect. Geographic Information System (GIS) provides a viable method to extract and evaluate the characteristic of hydrological response behaviour of the basin. In the present study the utilization of remote sensing data such as Thermal Topography Mission and Global Elevation Model (ASTER-GDEM), Sentinel 2A image, coupled with geological and field data into GIS environment for morphometric analysis of Gilgit Basin. The drainage area of the basin is 13,538 km2 and shows a dendritic drainage pattern for all sub-basins. The analysis reveals that drainage network of entire Gilgit river basin constitutes a 7th order basin. Out of six sub-basins, Gilgit-Gahkuch (B1), Ishkoman (B2) and Phunder (B4) are 6th order sub-basins. Yasin (B3) and Gupis (B5) are 5th order sub-basins, while Bagrot (B6) is a 4th order sub-basin. The Gilgit Basin drainage density value is 0.50 km/km2, which indicates a well-drained basin. Morphometric parameters like stream number, order, length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, relief and relative relief, slope, length of overland flow, ruggedness number, and hypsometric integral are calculated. The results indicate that the entire drainage basin area reflects youthful to early mature stage of the fluvial geomorphic cycle and high potential of stream discharge which is domina

关键词： Drainage Morphometry Gilgit Basin Remote Sensing

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