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Effect of Biochar and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Biochemical Properties in Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya

Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第7期13卷 275-294页

作者： Doreen Mbabazize nancy w. mungai Josephine P. Ouma Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Declining soil fertility is a major constraint to potato farming, the second most important food crop in Kenya. The objective of the study w.s to determine the effect of different rates of biochar and inorganic fertilizer on some soil properties;soil pH, soil phosphomonoesterases, inorganic nitrogen and extractable phosphorus. The study w.s conducted for tw. seasons (short and long rains) at tw. locations (Egerton University agricultural field and farmer’s field in Mau Narok) using a split-plot design in a randomized complete block (RCBD) arrangement w.th variety as the main plot and soil amendments as the subplot. Biochar and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) at 0, 5, and 10 t⋅ha−1 and 0, 250, and 500 kg⋅ha−1 respectively, w.re applied, resulting in nine treatment combinations. Tw. potato varieties (Shangi and Destiny) w.re used in the study. A combination of 5 t⋅ha−1 biochar and 500 kg⋅ha−1 DAP and sole application of biochar at 5 t⋅ha−1 resulted in an increase of 1.25, 2.54 units in soil pH in tw. seasons, respectively. Similarly, a combination of 5 t⋅ha−1 biochar and 250 kg⋅ha−1 DAP increased soil available phosphorus by 105 units from 30.7 mg⋅kg−1 to 136 mg⋅kg−1. The application rate of 5 t⋅ha−1 biochar w.th 250 or 500 kg⋅ha−1 DAP significantly increased soil nitrate by 102.11 and 116.14 units, respectively. Soils amended w.th biochar at 5 t⋅ha−1 combined w.th 500 kg⋅ha−1 DAP, 10 t⋅ha−1 of biochar combined w.th either 250 kg or 500 kg of DAP gave the highest alkaline enzymes (mM pNP × kg−1 × h−1). How.ver, the highest acid soil phosphomonoesterases w.re obtained under the sole application of DAP at 500 ha−1. Thus, using biochar w.th chemical fertilizer seems a plausible option to ameliorate the declining nutrient base of farmland in Kenya, w.ich could sustainably support potato grow.h

关键词： Biochar Inorganic Nitrogen Phosphorus Soil pH Phosphomonoesterases

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Influence of Land Use Activities on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Nutrient Deposition in Mw.nza Region: Implication to the Atmospheric Loading to the Lake Victoria

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 224-234页

作者： Said Ali Hamad Vuai John D. Ibembe nancy w. mungai Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Department of Crop Science Egerton University Kenya Department of Humanities Busoga University Uganda

Increase in population grow.h and the associated activities have increased the nutrient input to the Lake Victoria through atmosphere and river discharge. Atmospheric input of nutrient is believed to exceed that of river discharge due to relatively higher contribution of w.ter mass to the Lake from atmosphere. How.ver, precipitation characteristics w.th respect to nutrients have not been w.ll studied to allow.qualification and quantification of atmospheric contribution to the Lake Victoria. This study w.s conducted to investigate influence of land use activities on spatial and temporal variation of nutrient inputs from atmosphere and to estimate atmospheric loading to the Lake Victoria. The results revealed that there is significant spatial and temporal variation of nutrient deposition in the study area. High concentrations of nutrients w.re observed during short rains starting from September to December. This w.s attributed to dissolution of nutrients from soil particals and ash residues due to biomass burning accumulated in the atmosphere during dry season of June to August. Spatial variation of nutrients reflects land use activities. Urban and peri-urban areas show.d very high concentration of nitrate nitrogen due to industrial and vehicle emission w.ile rural area show.d high concentration of phosphorous species and reduced forms of nitrogen species reflecting agricultural activities and animal keeping. Generally, nutrient deposition load w.s higher in rural area compared to urban w.th respective values of 15.5 and 13.9 kg·haˉ1·yˉ1 for total nitrogen and 6.1 and 2.8 kg·haˉ1·yˉ1 for total phosphorous. These results suggest that in order to realize significant reduction of nutrient input to the Lake Victoria, measures should be taken to control agricultural activities through proper land use planning. The measure may be directed to reduce biomass burning, emission from industries and vehicle as w.ll as animal residue.

关键词： Nutrient Landuse Lake Victoria Precipitation Atmospheric Pollution

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Zai Pit Effects on Selected Soil Properties and Cow.ea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) Grow.h and Grain Yield in Tw. Selected Dryland Regions of Kenya

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第1期11卷 39-57页

作者： Sillus O. Oduor nancy w. mungai Seth F. O. Ow.do Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Erratic rainfall and temperature regimes, strongly affect agricultural productivity. To address the reduction in production, this study assessed the effect of Zai pit depths on selected soil properties and cow.ea grow.h and grain yield. “Zai” pit technology w.s tested in tw. locations falling under Agroecological Zone IV (relatively dry areas) i.e. Katumani in Machakos County and Naivasha in Nakuru County, Kenya, aiming to determine the combined effect of four “Zai” pit depths and tw. levels of manure (plots w.th manure and plots w.thout manure) on selected soil properties, grow.h and yield of cow.ea. Experiment w.s laid out in split plot arrangement, w.th manure levels as the main plot factor and “Zai” pit depths (Flat: Z0, 30 cm: Z30, 45 cm: Z45 and 60 cm: Z60) as subplot factor, replicated four times. Cow.ea (M66 variety) w.s used as the test crop. Inorganic N and extractable P w.re significantly (P ⋅kg−1 for Nin and 80.4 mg⋅kg−1 for Pex in Zai pits compared to flat plots w.ich w.re at 0.91 mg⋅kg−1 for Nin and 47.1 mg⋅kg−1 for Pex. The values of Nin and Pex also varied depending on depths, w.t

关键词： Zai Pits ASALs Soil Moisture Dryland Agriculture Cattle Manure Inorganic Nitrogen Extractable Phosphorus

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Low.mtDNA diversity among w.despread Australian diamondback moth Plutella xylostella （L,） suggests isolation and a founder effect

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 365-373页

作者： JESSLYN SAw.nancy M. ENDERSBY STEPHEN w. MCKECHNIE Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research (CESAR) School of Biological Sciences Monash University Australia

Populations of Australian diamondback moth （DBM） Plutella xylostella （L.）, a serious pest of cruciferous crops, display extremely low.levels of genetic differentiation across Australia and New.Zealand sample locations, as determined previously using microsatellite markers. These data suggest high levels of contemporary gene flow.that is consistent w.th Australian DBM being a vagile species. Here w. examine Australian DBM samples for haplotype variation using the mitochondrial DNA sequences of a 257 bp fragment of the CO1 gene. w. compare this variation to equivalent mtDNA sequence variation in samples from New.Zealand, Kenya and Korea. Using 42 moths collected throughout Australia w. show.that Australian DBM have both low.mtDNA haplotype and nucleotide diversities. The three Australian haplotypes detected are closely related and they cluster w.th the common haplotype group from Indonesia. In addition the Australian haplotype frequency distribution resembled more that from Indonesia than that from Kenya or Korea. These data are consistent w.th an original strong Australian/New.Zealand founder effect, from a south-eastern Asian source, w.th subsequent continued isolation. In a single season, the frequency of PXMt01, the most common Australian haplotype, w.s estimated at 15 locations spread across southern Australia and New.Zealand using a polymerase chain reaction BiPASA method. The PXMt01 haplotype frequency variation w.s heterogenous, suggesting a small degree of population isolation that w.s not detected using microsatellites. Differentiation w.s not a function of geographical distance. These data suggest transient and sporadic local colonisation events by small numbers of founding females.

关键词： Australia CO1 mtDNA diamondback moth diversity Plutella xylostella population structure

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Pharmacogenomics: The Significance of Genetics in the Metabolism of Natural Medicines

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 452-461页

作者： nancy w. Hanna College of Pharmacy California Northstate University Rancho Cordova USA

Natural products have been implemented in medicine through use as herbal medications, chemical compound extraction for prescription medication, or a natural source of food to fight various infections and diseases. Genetics has played a role in identifying various interactions betw.en existing drugs and side effects. In addition, various food allergies have been identified w.th children in recent years, suggesting genetic associations betw.en certain populations carrying specific genetic alleles. The recent availability of genomic data and our increased understanding of the effects of genetic variations permit a quantitative examination of the contribution of genetic variation to efficacy or toxicity of compounds derived from natural sources. The identification of target molecules relevant for diseases allow. screening for natural products capable of inhibiting targets w.ich can lead to the development of rational treatment of various diseases including neurobiological disorders, cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. This allow. for more opportunities to predict the response of individual patients. Identification of genetic variations that arose as a consequence of naturally occurring compounds w.ll help identify gene alleles, or protein ligands that can affect the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics of the natural products in question. In addition, diet modification and precautions to food products can be identified to help consumers limit or increase certain food intake. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and their modification by genetic variation is expected to result in the development of new.drugs that optimize individual health. w. expect that strategies for individualized therapies w.ll lead to improved results for patients.

关键词： Pharmacogenomics Natural Medicine Polyphenols Lycopenes Folic Acid Tobacco Vitamin E Curcumin Soy Vitamin D Digoxin

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Linguistic Single-Valued Neutrosophic Pow.r Aggregation Operators and Their Applications to Group Decision-Making Problems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 546-558页

作者： Harish Garg nancy School of Mathematics Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Deemed University

Linguistic single-valued neutrosophic set(LSVNS)is a more reliable tool,w.ich is designed to handle the uncertainties of the situations involving the qualitative *** the present manuscript,w. introduce some pow.r aggregation operators(AOs)for the LSVNSs,w.ose purpose is to diminish the influence of inevitable arguments about the decision-making *** it,first w. develop some averaging pow.r operators,namely,linguistic single-valued neutrosophic(LSVN)pow.r averaging,w.ighted average,ordered w.ighted average,and hybrid averaging AOs along w.th their desirable ***,w. extend it to the geometric pow.r AOs for *** on the proposed w.rk;an approach to solve the group decision-making problems is given along w.th the numerical ***,a comparative study and the validity tests are present to discuss the reliability of the proposed operators.

关键词： Aggregation operator(AO) group decision making linguistic neutrosophic numbers neutrosophic set pow.r operators

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Concatenated deleting machines and their characteristics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第3期75卷 48-55页

作者： A nancy S Balakrishnan Department of Physics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014Tamil NaduIndia

In this w.rk,w. study the performance of one shot and concatenated deleting machines(DMs).w. show.that the output state of one shot DMs are mixed inseparable,and do not violate Bell's inequality but can be used as a teleportation channel for all values of the input state *** the other hand,w. observe in the concatenation of different DMs that the output states are mixed inseparable and do not violate Bell's inequality,and cannot be used as a teleportation ***,some important attributes such as inseparability,violation of Bell's inequality,and teleportation fidelity of the DMs remain unchanged under the order of *** this context of a teleportation channel,one shot DMs are useful w.en compared to concatenated DMs.

关键词： Pati-Braunstein deleting machine concatenated deleting machine teleportation fidelity Bell's inequality

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Enhancing Netw.rk Intrusion Detection Model Using Machine Learning Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 979-990页

作者： nancy Aw.dallah Aw.d Department of Computer and Information Systems Sadat Academy for Management SciencesCairo11742Egypt

After the digital revolution,large quantities of data have been generated w.th time through various *** netw.rks have made the process of data analysis very difficult by detecting attacks using suitable *** Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)secure resources against threats,they still face challenges in improving detection accuracy,reducing false alarm rates,and detecting the unknow. *** paper presents a framew.rk to integrate data mining classification algorithms and association rules to implement netw.rk intrusion *** experiments have been performed and evaluated to assess various machine learning classifiers based on the KDD99 intrusion *** study focuses on several data mining algorithms such as;naïve Bayes,decision trees,support vector machines,decision tables,k-nearest neighbor algorithms,and artificial neural ***,this paper is concerned w.th the association process in creating attack rules to identify those in the netw.rk audit data,by utilizing a KDD99 dataset anomaly *** focus is on false negative and false positive performance metrics to enhance the detection rate of the intrusion detection *** implemented experiments compare the results of each algorithm and demonstrate that the decision tree is the most pow.rful algorithm as it has the highest accuracy(0.992)and the low.st false positive rate(0.009).

关键词： Intrusion detection association rule data mining algorithms KDD99

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Analyzing Customer Review. on Social Media via Applying Association Rule

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 1519-1530页

作者： nancy Aw.dallah Aw.d Amena Mahmoud Department of Computer and Information Systems Sadat Academy for Management SciencesCairo11742Egypt Faculty of computers and Information Department of Computer ScienceKafr el Sheikh UniversityKafr El Sheikh33511Egypt

The rapid grow.h of the use of social media opens up new.challenges and opportunities to analyze various aspects and patterns in ***-text mining,several techniques are available such as information clustering,extraction,summarization,*** this study,a text mining framew.rk w.s presented w.ich consists of 4 phases retrieving,processing,indexing,and mine association rule *** is applied by using the association rule mining technique to check the associated term w.th the Huaw.i P30 Pro *** review. are extracted from many w.bsites and Facebook groups,such as ***,*** and *** technology,w.ere customers from all over the w.rld placed their notes on cell *** this analysis,a total of 192 review. of Huaw.i P30 Pro w.re collected to evaluate them by text mining *** findings demonstrate that Huaw.i P30 Pro,has strong points such as the best safety,high-quality camera,battery that lasts more than 24 hours,and the processor is very *** paper aims to prove that text mining decreases human efforts by recognizing significant *** w.ll lead to improving the aw.reness of customers to choose their products and at the same time sales managers also get to know.w.at their products w.re accepted by customers suspended.

关键词： Machine learning text mining social media big data association rule document clustering

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Improving Reconstructed Image Quality via Hybrid Compression Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 3151-3160页

作者： nancy Aw.dallah Aw.d Amena Mahmoud Department of Computer and Information Systems Sadat Academy for Management SciencesCairo11742Egypt Department of Computer Science Kafr el Sheikh University33511Egypt

Data compression is one of the core fields of study for applications of image and video *** raw.data to be transmitted consumes large bandw.dth and requires huge storage space as a result,it is desirable to represent the information in the data w.th considerably few.r bits by the mean of data compression techniques,the data must be reconstituted very similarly to the initial *** this paper,a hybrid compression based on Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT),Discretew.velet Transform(Dw.)is used to enhance the quality of the reconstructed *** techniques are follow.d by entropy encoding such as Huffman coding to give additional *** coding is optimal prefix code because of its implementation is more simple,faster,and easier than other *** needs less execution time and it is the shortest average length and the measurements for analysis are based upon Compression Ratio,Mean Square Error(MSE),and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR).w. applied a hybrid algorithm on(Dw.–DCT 2×2,4×4,8×8,16×16,32×32)***,w. show.that by using a hybrid(Dw.–DCT)compression technique,the PSNR is reconstructed for the image by using the proposed hybrid algorithm(Dw.–DCT 8×8 block)is quite high than DCT.

关键词： Image compression discrete cosine transform PSNR discrete w.velet transform hybrid algorithm

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