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Diet medication and beta-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble betaglucan molecular weight,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis vaccinated broiler chickens given wheatbased diets

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 288-296页

作者： Namalika D.Karunaratne Henry L.Classen Andrew Gvan Kessel Michael R.Bedford nancy p.ames Rex W.Newkirk Department of Animal and poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N5A8Canada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada

Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic resistance.The objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotics)andβ-glucanase(BGase)on digesta solubleβ-glucan depolymerization,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets.A total of 1,782 broilers were raised on litter floor pens,and each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of the9 rooms.The 3 dietary treatments were based on wheat as the sole grain(control,control+medication and control+0.1%BGase),and the birds were fed the respective treatments ad libitum from 0 to 33 d.Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and analyzed as a one-way ANOVA.Beta-glucanase reduced the peak molecular weight,weight average molecular weight(Mw)and maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)in ileal digesta at d 11and 33,whereas diet medication reduced Mw and MW-10%at d 33 compared to the control(ppared to the control(p=0.010).Ileal propionic acid concentration at d 11 and caecal total SCFA,acetic,and butyric acid concentrations at d 33 were lower in the BGase-supplemented diet than in the control(pp H compared to the control at d 33(p=0.026).The effect of medication on carbohydrate fermentation was minimal.Diet medication increased weight gain after d 11,whereas BGase increased the gain for the total trial period compared to the control(pproved feed efficiency after d 11 compared to the control(pponse to diet medication was larger than BGase,considering weight gain and feed efficiency after d 11(ppolymerized high molecular weight ileal solubleβ-glucan and increased overall bird performance.Die

关键词： Beta-glucan prebiotic Non-starch polysaccharide Soluble fiber Feed antibiotic

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Hulless barley and β-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble β-glucan molecular weight and digestive tract characteristics of coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 595-608页

作者： Namalika D.Karunaratne Rex W.Newkirk nancy p.ames Andrew G.Van Kessel Michael R.Bedford Henry L.Classen Department of Animal and poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5A8SaskatchewanCanada Agriculture and Agri-food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

Exogenousβ-glucanase(BGase)in barley-based feed has been shown to reduce digesta viscosity in chickens,and thereby improve performance.Less well studied is the potential for BGase to convert barleyβ-glucan into low molecular weight carbohydrates,which might influence digestive tract function and enteric disease.Coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens were fed graded levels of hulless barley(HB)and BGase to determine their effects onβ-glucan depolymerization and digestive tract characteristics.Broilers were fed highβ-glucan HB(0%,30%and 60%replacing wheat)and BGase(0%,0.01%and 0.1%)in a 3×3 factorial arrangement.A total of 5,346 broilers were raised in litter floor pens and vaccinated for coccidiosis on d 5.Each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of 9 rooms.The significance level was set at p≤0.05.At both 11 and 33 d of broiler ages,peak molecular weight ofβ-glucan in ileal digesta decreased with increasing BGase for 30%and 60%HB.The maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)decreased with BGase at both ages for 30%and 60%HB;for birds fed 0%HB,only 0.1%BGase decreased MW-10%.The 0.1%BGase increased caecal short chain fatty acids(SCFA)compared to the 0.01%BGase at d 11 only for the 60%HB.Ileal pH increased with increasing HB and BGase at d 11 and 33.Caecal pH was lower for 0.1%BGase than 0%BGase for 60%HB at d 11.Relative mRNA expression of interleukin 6(IL-6)and IL-8 in the ileum increased with 0.1%BGase at d 11 and 33,respectively,whereas expression of ileal mucin 2(MUC2)decreased with 0.1%BGase at d 33.In the caeca,interactions between HB and BGase were significant for monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)on d 11,but no treatment effects were found at d 33.In conclusion,BGase depolymerized high molecular weightβ-glucan in HB in a dose-dependent manner.Hulless barley and BGase did not increase SCFA concentrations(except for 60%HB with 0.1%BGase at d 11)and caused minor effects on digestive tract histomorphological measurements and relative mRNA gene expression.

关键词： prebiotic Non-starch polysaccharide Fermentation Short-chain fatty acid Feed enzyme

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Use of patient-Specific “4D” Tele-Education to Enhance Actual and perceived Knowledge in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) patients

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 5-17页

作者： Molly Clarke Karin Hamann nancy Klein Laura Olivieri Yue-Hin Loke Department of Inpatient Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBoston02115USA Department of Cardiology Children’s National HospitalWashington20001USA Department of Cardiology Noninvasive Cardiac ImagingUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburgh15224USA

Background:patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)will transition to lifelong adult congenital cardiac care.However,their structural heart disease is challenging to convey via two-dimensional drawings.This study utilized a tele-educational environment,with personalized three-dimensional(3D)modeling and health Details(3D+Details=“4D”),to improve actual and perceived knowledge,both important components of transition readiness in CHD patients.Methods:participants aged≥13 years with a history of CHD and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)studies were eligible.Cardiac MRI datasets were then used to segment and create 3D heart models(using Mimics,Materialize Inc.).participantsﬁrst completed the MyHeart Questionnaire,a validated survey of actual knowledge.A tele-educational session was then scheduled,during which participants were shown a 3D model of a normal heart,followed by their personal 3D heart model and speciﬁc health details.participants then repeated the actual knowledge survey,in addition to questionnaires assessing perceived knowledge pre-and post-session,as well as a satisfaction survey.Results:Twenty-two patients were included.Actual knowledge increased from 75%±15%to 89%±20%(p=0.00043)and perceived knowledge increased inﬁve of seven questions.Actual knowledge correlated with perceived knowledge(r=0.608,ppercent of participants ranked the 3D model as“very satisfactory”and ninety-ﬁve percent ranked the educational session as“very help-ful”or“extremely helpful.”Conclusions:The use of“4D”tele-education increased both actual and perceived knowledge and may help improve transition readiness in CHD patients.

关键词： Congenital heart disease tele-education transition

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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.De Donato M.-p.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees.One possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced leaves.However,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly documented.An experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period.The aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for trees.Monitoring nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(i.***.resorption efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing season.This result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study site.Reduced foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(p)were also observed.In addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree nutrition.The calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study site.Our results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf pool can be modified by drought events,and may

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

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Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics:The Study of Muscle,Mobility and Aging(SOMMA)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Terri L.Blackwell peggy M.Cawthon paul M.Coen Steven R.Cummings Giovanna Distefano Samaneh Farsijani Daniel E.Forman Bret H.Goodpaster Stephen B.Kritchevsky Theresa Mau Frederico G.S.Toledo Anne B.Newman nancy W.Glynn Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Research Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA Department of Medicine(Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age,and physical activity(pA)has been shown to offset these declines in older adults.Yet,many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported pA or structured exercise interventions.Therefore,we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported pA and sedentary behavior(SB)with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which pA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle energetics.Methods:As part of the Study of Muscle,Mobility and Aging,enrolled older adults(n=879),810(age=76.4±5.0 years old,mean±SD;58%women)had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution re spirometry of permeabilized myofibers(maximal oxidative phosphorylation(maxOXpHOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy(maximal adenosine triphosphate(ATp_(max))).Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior,light activity,and moderate-to-vigorous pA(MVpA)were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 days.Self-reported sedentary behavior,MVpA,and all pA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities Model program for Seniors(CHAMpS)questionnaire.Linear regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and pA with muscle energetics,as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by MVp A and sedentary behavior.As a sensitivity analysis,we also examined activpAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle energetics.Results:Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured MVpA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)higher maxOXpHOS and 0.012 mM/s higher ATp_(max)after adjusting for age,site/technician,and sex(ppHOS or ATp_(max).Meanwhile,every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lower maxOXpHOS and0.006 mM/s lower ATp_(max)(p<0.05).Only associatio

关键词： Aging Exercise Mitochondria

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Updates in endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第2期19卷 202-212页

作者： poorni M.Manohar nancy E.Davidson University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Seattle 98109WAUSA Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle 98109WAUSA

Endocrine therapy(ET)remains the mainstay of treatment for steroid hormone receptor-positive,human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Tumor resistance to hormone therapy has led to the development of novel endocrine drug combinations,transforming the landscape of MBC management.The options for ET are expanding,with promising agents in the pipeline.Although MBC remains incurable,many patients can enjoy years of survival with good quality of life by cycling through the many available agents.With the plethora of available agents and rapid approvals,clinicians look to evidencebased guidelines to assist in treatment selection to maximize patient well-being.In this review,we provide a contemporary review of the advances in ET and a suggested algorithm to guide clinicians in daily management of patients with hormone receptor-positive,HER2-negative MBC.We will discuss landmark trials and highlight their impact in reshaping treatment approaches.Finally,we will provide a glimpse into advances on the horizon and the promise they bring to improve outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer.

关键词： Endocrine therapy metastatic breast cancer

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Management of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial in-farction in patients aged≥80 years:a meta-analysis of ran-domized controlled trials

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第10期19卷 789-790页

作者： Connor J Matthews Joshua Kirby Jonathan M Blaxill John p Greenwood Abdul M Mozid Jennifer A Rossington Murugapathy Veerasamy nancy Wassef Stephen B Wheatcroft Heerajnarain Bulluck Yorkshire Heart Centre Leeds General InfirmaryLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom

Coronary artery disease(CAD)is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients.^([1])Despite this,elderly patients are under-represented in most trials of CAD.Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)is a common cause of hospitalization among patients≥80 years of age,^([2])and with an aging global population,there is a pressing need to establish the optimal management strategy for these patients.Therefore,we conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized control trials(RCTs)performed to date in patients≥80 years of age,comparing an initial invasive versus conservative strategy to provide insights into their optimal initial management strategy.

关键词： patients mortality analysis

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Hepatic transcriptome profiling reveals early signatures associated with disease transition from non-alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis

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Liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 238-250页

作者： nancy Magee Forkan Ahamed Natalie Eppler Elizabeth Jones priyanka Ghosh Lily He Yuxia Zhang Department of pharmacology Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA Liver Center University of KansasKansas CityKSUSA

Background and aim:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.The molecular events that influence disease progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)to aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)remain incompletely understood,leading to lack of mechanism-based targeted treatment options for NASH.This study aims to identify early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to NASH in mice and humans.Materials and methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat,-cholesterol,and-fructose(HFCF)diet for up to 9 months.The extent of steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis was evaluated in liver tissues.Total RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was conducted to determine liver transcriptomic changes.Results:After being fed the HFCF diet,mice sequentially developed steatosis,early steatohepatitis,steatohepatitis with fibrosis,and eventually spontaneous liver tumor.Hepatic RNA-seq revealed that the key signatures during steatosis progression to early steatohepatitis were pathways related to extracel-lular matrix organization and immune responses such as T cell migration,arginine biosynthesis,C-type lectin receptor signaling,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.Genes regulated by transcription factors forkhead box M1(FOXM1)and negative elongation factor complex member E(NELFE)were significantly altered during disease progression.This phenomenon was also observed in patients with NASH.

关键词： Liver Transcriptome Steatosis Inflammation Fibrosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)

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Early Cambrian Ichnofossils from the Mussoorie Syncline and revision of Trace Fossil Biozonation of the Lesser Himalaya, India

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第2期88卷 380-393页

作者： Birendra p. Singh Kapesa Lokho Naval Kishore nancy Virmani Center of Advanced Study in Geology Panjab University Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

A new locality bearing ichnofossils of the Cruziana Assemblage Zone-Ⅲ from the Mussoorie syncline,Lesser Himalaya,is located in rocks of Member-B of the Dhaulagiri Formation,Tal Group,exposed along the Maldewta-Chhimoli fresh road cut section.The site yielded ichnofossils Bergaueria perata,Cochlichnus anguineus,？Diplocraterion isp.,Dimorphichnus obliquus,diplichnitiform Cruziana bonariensis,Diplichnites gouldi,Glockeria isp.,Helminthopsis isp.,Monomorphichnus lineatus,phycodes palmatum,palaeophycus striatus,planolites beverleyensis,planolites montanus,Treptichnus cf.T.pedum,scratch marks and an undetermined worm impression.An Early Cambrian age （Cambrian Series 2） is assigned to the ichnofossil-bearing strata based on the stratigraphic position between the Drepanuroides and palaeoolenus trilobite zones.A revised Cambrian ichnofossil zonation is presented for the Tal Group of the Mussoorie syncline.Together with their occurrence on rippled surfaces,and the lateral displacement of some trackways （due to current action）,a sub-aqueous shallow-marine depositional setting is proposed for the rocks of Member-B.

关键词： Ichnology Cruziana Assemblage Zone Cambrian Series 2 shallow-marine northern India

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Effect of Biochar and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Biochemical properties in Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第7期13卷 275-294页

作者： Doreen Mbabazize nancy W. Mungai Josephine p. Ouma Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Declining soil fertility is a major constraint to potato farming, the second most important food crop in Kenya. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different rates of biochar and inorganic fertilizer on some soil properties;soil pH, soil phosphomonoesterases, inorganic nitrogen and extractable phosphorus. The study was conducted for two seasons (short and long rains) at two locations (Egerton University agricultural field and farmer’s field in Mau Narok) using a split-plot design in a randomized complete block (RCBD) arrangement with variety as the main plot and soil amendments as the subplot. Biochar and Diammonium phosphate (DAp) at 0, 5, and 10 t⋅hap>−1p> and 0, 250, and 500 kg⋅hap>−1p> respectively, were applied, resulting in nine treatment combinations. Two potato varieties (Shangi and Destiny) were used in the study. A combination of 5 t⋅hap>−1p> biochar and 500 kg⋅hap>−1p> DAp and sole application of biochar at 5 t⋅hap>−1p> resulted in an increase of 1.25, 2.54 units in soil pH in two seasons, respectively. Similarly, a combination of 5 t⋅hap>−1p> biochar and 250 kg⋅hap>−1p> DAp increased soil available phosphorus by 105 units from 30.7 mg⋅kgp>−1p> to 136 mg⋅kgp>−1p>. The application rate of 5 t⋅hap>−1p> biochar with 250 or 500 kg⋅hap>−1p> DAp significantly increased soil nitrate by 102.11 and 116.14 units, respectively. Soils amended with biochar at 5 t⋅hap>−1p> combined with 500 kg⋅hap>−1p> DAp, 10 t⋅hap>−1p> of biochar combined with either 250 kg or 500 kg of DAp gave the highest alkaline enzymes (mM pNp × kgp>−1p> × hp>−1p>). However, the highest acid soil phosphomonoesterases were obtained under the sole application of DAp at 500 hap>−1p>. Thus, using biochar with chemical fertilizer seems a plausible option to ameliorate the declining nutrient base of farmland in Kenya, which could sustainably support potato growth.

关键词： Biochar Inorganic Nitrogen phosphorus Soil pH phosphomonoesterases

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