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Updates in endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第2期19卷 202-212页

作者： Poorni M.Manohar nancy e.Davidson University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Seattle 98109WAUSA Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle 98109WAUSA

endocrine therapy(eT)remains the mainstay of treatment for steroid hormone receptor-positive,human epidermal growth factor 2(HeR2)-negative metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Tumor resistance to hormone therapy has led to the development of novel endocrine drug combinations,transforming the landscape of MBC *** options for eT are expanding,with promising agents in the *** MBC remains incurable,many patients can enjoy years of survival with good quality of life by cycling through the many available *** the plethora of available agents and rapid approvals,clinicians look to evidencebased guidelines to assist in treatment selection to maximize patient *** this review,we provide a contemporary review of the advances in eT and a suggested algorithm to guide clinicians in daily management of patients with hormone receptor-positive,HeR2-negative *** will discuss landmark trials and highlight their impact in reshaping treatment ***,we will provide a glimpse into advances on the horizon and the promise they bring to improve outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer.

关键词： endocrine therapy metastatic breast cancer

Traditional Taxation Systems in Western Tibet:A Comparative Perspective

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中国藏学 1992年第S1期 322-345页

作者： nancy e.Levine

This paper focuses on traditional systems of taxation in Ngari, or Western Tibet, and their in-tegration with the system of land tenure and related features of social structure. These systems dis-play tremendous regional diversity, due, no doubt, to particularities of history and idiosyncratic e-conomic and geographical factors. Despite some noteworthy differences, they share

关键词：留级洛阳义山

ReSPONSe OF THe eQUATORIAL WeSTeRN PACIFIC THeRMOHALINe STRUCTURe TO WIND VARIATION

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1986年第2期4卷 119-126页

作者：胡敦欣,David halpern Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica NOAA Pacific Marine environmental Laboratory

During the Global Weather experiment oceanographic measurements were recorded during winter and summer in the western Pacific region 5°S-5°N,160°e-175°e. The variations of the upper ocean temperature and salinity fields were produced by the large seasonal and spatial wind fluctuations. The vertical temperature structure of the thermocline at the equator, the meridional slope of the thermocline south of the equator, and the northward penetration of high salinity water were related to the direction and intensity of the zonal wind-stress.

关键词： ReSPONSe OF THe eQUATORIAL WeSTeRN PACIFIC THeRMOHALINe STRUCTURe TO WIND VARIATION

Sperm retrieval success and testicular histopathology in idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 555-559页

作者： Arighno Das Joshua A halpern Annie L Darves-Bornoz Mehul Patel James Wren Mary Kate Keeter Robert e Brannigan Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA

Prior studies have investigated sperm retrieval rates in men with non obstructive azoospermia(NOA)secondary to specific etiologies,yet most cases of NOA are *** compared sperm retrieval rates and testicular histopathology in idiopathic NOA(iNOA)and nonidiopathic NOA(niNOA).We performed a retrospective review of men with NOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction(microTeSe)between 2000 and *** with no history of malignancy or cryptorchidism and negative genetic evaluation were considered *** regression determined the association between idiopathic etiology and primary outcomes of sperm retrieval and active spermatogenesis on *** 224 men,86(38.4%)were idiopathic,75(33.5%)were nonidiopathic,and 63(28.1%)did not undergo genetic *** age and serum testosterone were higher among iNOA or no testing versus *** follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)was lower among iNOA or no testing versus niNOA.A higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA had a clinical *** retrieval rates were similar between iNOA,niNOA,and no testing(41.8%vs 48.0%vs 55.6%,respectively;P=0.255).Active spermatogenesis was seen in a higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA(31.4%and 27.0%vs 16.0%,P=0.073).On multivariable analysis,iNOA was not associated with sperm retrieval or spermatogenesis(P=0.430 and P=0.078,respectively).Rates of sperm retrieval and spermatogenesis on testis pathology were similar in men with iNOA and *** data will be useful to clinicians in preoperative counseling for men with NOA and negative genetic evaluation.

关键词： microdissection testicular sperm extraction nonobstructive azoospermia sperm retrieval rate

efficacious anti-cancer property of flavonoids from citrus peels

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2014年第3期3卷 104-109页

作者： nancy e.Rawson Chi-Tang Ho Shiming Li AFB International 3 Research Park DriveSt.CharlesMO 63304United States Department of Food Science Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Hubei Key Laboratory of economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina

Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal *** development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects,which can further deteriorate the patients’quality of *** development of natural product based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the field of functional foods,in which a few have demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity toward the prevention and treatment of *** multiple active molecular components,citrus peels and derived extracts have demonstrated potent efficacious properties against various cancers due in large part to the rich content of flavonoids present in citrus *** review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of citrus peel flavonoids,and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.

关键词： Citrus peels Flavonoids Polymethoxyflavones efficacy Cancer

Life cycle cost and economic assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario, Canada

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Forest ecosystems 2017年第1期4卷 12-21页

作者： Krish Homagain Chander Shahi nancy Luckai Mahadev Sharma Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University 955 Oliver Rd. Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada Ontario Forest Research Institute 1235 Queen Street E Sault Ste. Marie ON P6A 2E5 Canada.

Background： Replacement of fossil fuel based energy with biochar-based bioenergy production can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions while mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and global warming. However, the production of biochar-based bioenergy depends on a sustainable supply of biomass. Although, Northwestern Ontario has a rich and sustainable supply of woody biomass, a comprehensive life cycle cost and economic assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production technology has not been done so far in the region. Methods： In this paper, we conducted a thorough life cycle cost assessment （LCCA） of biochar-based bioenergy production and its land application under four different scenarios： 1） biochar production with low feedstock availability; 2） biochar production with high feedstock availability; 3） biochar production with low feedstock availability and its land application; and 4） biochar production with high feedstock availability and its land applicationusing SimaPro, eIOLCA software and spreadsheet modeling. Based on the LCCA results, we further conducted an economic assessment for the break-even and viability of this technology over the project period. Results： It was found that the economic viability of biochar-based bioenergy production system within the life cycle analysis system boundary based on study assumptions is directly dependent on costs of pyrolysis, feedstock processing （drying, grinding and pelletization） and collection on site and the value of total carbon offset provided by the system. Sensitivity analysis of transportation distance and different values of C offset showed that the system is profitable in case of high biomass availability within 200 km and when the cost of carbon sequestration exceeds CAD S60 per tonne of equivalent carbon （CO2e）. Conclusions： Biochar-based bioenergy system is economically viable when life cycle costs and environmental assumptions are accounted for. This study provides a medium scale slow-pyrolysis pla

关键词： LCA LCCA SimaPro Biochar Biomass Pyrolysis Bioenergy Wood Pellets

Biochar-based bioenergy and its environmental impact in Northwestern Ontario Canada: A review

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 737-748页

作者： Krish Homagain Chander Shahi nancy Luckai Mahadev Sharma Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay ON Canada P7B 5E1 Ministry of Natural Resources Ontario Forest Research Institute (OFRI) 1235 Queen St E Sault Ste. Marie ON Canada P6A 2E5

Biochar is normally produced as a by-product of bioenergy. However, if biochar is produced as a co-product with bioenergy from sustainably managed forests and used for soil amendment, it could pro- vide a carbon neutral or even carbon negative solution for current envi- ronmental degradation problems. In this paper, we present a comprehen- sive review of biochar production as a co-product of bioenergy and its implications. We focus on biochar production with reference to biomass availability and sustainability and on bioehar utilization for its soil amendment and greenhouse gas emissions reduction properties. Past studies confirm that northwestern Ontario has a sustainable and sufficient supply of biomass feedstock that can be used to produce bioenergy, with biochar as a co-product that can replace fossil fuel consumption, increase soil productivity and sequester carbon in the long run. For the next step, we recommend that comprehensive life cycle assessment of bio- char-based bioenergy production, from raw material collection to bioehar application, with an extensive economic assessment is necessary for making this technology commercially viable in northwestern Ontario.

关键词： biomass life cycle assessment, LCA C02 carbon sequestra-tion greenhouse gas emissions soil amendment

Life cycle environmental impact assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and utilization in Northwestern Ontario,Canada

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 799-809页

作者： Krish Homagain Chander Shahi nancy Luckai Mahadev Sharma Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Ontario Forest Research Institute

Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.

关键词： Woody biomass Carbon sequestration environmental impact assessment Greenhouse gasemissions Life cycle analysis Soil amendment

Successful sperm retrieval in prune belly syndrome

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Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第4期7卷 376-378页

作者： Joshua A.halpern Arighno Das Robert e.Brannigan Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA

Dear editor,eagle-Barrett or prune belly syndrome(PBS)is a rare congenital condition with an estimated incidence of 3.8 cases per 100000 live births in the United States[1].The syndrome is characterized by cryptorchidism,upper and lower urinary tract dilation,and either absence or deficiency of the abdominal wall *** much of the literature has focused upon urinary tract malformation and cryptorchidism,fertility is a crucial aspect of urologic evaluation and care in these patients.

关键词： fertility Barrett eagle