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Preliminary Results of Cochlear Implantation in Underdeveloped Countries: The Experience of Cameroon

International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第4期12卷 232-249页

作者： Andjock Nkouo Yves Christian Lekassa Pierrette Meva’a Biouele Roger Christian Kuifo Cedric nanci eliane Ngono Ateba Gladys Abdelaziz Raji Njock Richard Djomou Francois Ndjolo Alexis Ophthalmology-Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT)-Stomatology Department Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon ENT-Cervico-Facial-Surgery (CFS) Service Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon ENT-CFS Service Miltary Teaching Hospital Libreville Gabon ENT-CFS Service Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon ENT-CFS Service Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Anesthesiology and Reanimation Service Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon ENT-CFS Mohammed VI Marrakech Teaching Hospital Marrakecch Morroco ENT-CFS Service Yaounde Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Deafness, is the most common neurosensory deficit in humans. The origins can be diverse: congenital or acquired and sometimes of an etiology that is difficult to specify. The main risk is social exclusion. The advent of cochlear implants is a solution of choice for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. This innovative therapeutic modality is new to Cameroon, so we proposed to evaluate the preliminary results of cochlear implantation at the General Hospitals of Yaoundé and Douala, by addressing the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical, surgical, and prosthetic aspects. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and prospective cross-sectional study over a period of two years and eight months, from January 2019 to 31 August 2021. The study sites were: the general hospitals of Yaounde and Douala, as well as the private practices of speech therapists in the said cities. We collected socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical variables and data on surgical, prosthetic and speech therapy management which were processed. Results: We recruited 15 cochlear implant patients, one adult and 14 children. The sex ratio was 1.14 in favour of girls, the average age of the child population was 4.9 years and one subject was 57 years old. These children were mostly in school (85.7%) and mostly (86.7%) living in urban areas. The average period of sound deprivation was 3.9 years. The deafness of the children was 100% prelingual and the acquired cause was evoked in front of the risk factors (prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, jaundice, meningitis, neuromalaria) for 57.7% of them. The adult deafness was postlingual and post-traumatic. The associated clinical conditions found in 4 (26.8%) of the patients were an ocular refraction disorder, a chronic otitis media sequelae, cerebral palsy and minor head trauma injuries. There was no syndromic or malformative picture. The deafness was bilateral in all cases, asymmetric in 22.2% of cases and severe to profound sensorineural. The threshold of the deafn

关键词： Cochlear Implants Deafness Cameroon

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