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Seed Zone Properties and Crop Performance as Affected by Three No-Till Seeders for Permanent Raised Beds in Arid Northwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第10期11卷 1654-1664页

作者： HE Jin LI Hong-wen Allen David McHugh WANG Qing-jie LI Hui Rabi gautam Rasaily Khokan Kumer Sarker Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment/College of Engineering China Agricultural University National Center for Engineering in Agriculture University of Southern Queensland

The no-till seeders of various soil opener configurations have been shown to produce various soil physical responses in relation to soil and climate conditions, thus affecting crop performance in permanent raised beds （PRB） systems. This is particularly important in arid Northwest China where large volumes of residue are retained on the soil surface after harvest. In Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, a field trial assessed the effects of three typical （powered-chopper, powered-cutter and powered-disc） PRB no-till seeders and one traditional seeder on soil disturbance, residue cover index, bulk density, fuel consumption, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In general, seedbed conditions and crop performance for PRB no- till seeders seeded plots were better than for traditional seeded plots. In PRB cropping system, the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders. However, the results indicated that soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less. This was attributed to greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbeds. Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better （non-significant） than powered- chopper treatment. So powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions. Considering the precision requirements for soil disturbance and residue cover, the powered strip-chopping no-till seeder could be a suitable option for PRB cropping system in Northwest China. Although these results are preliminary, they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till seeders for PRB cropping systems in arid Northwest China.

关键词： no-till seeder permanent raised beds crop growth seedbed yield

Calibration after bootstrap for accurate uncertainty quantification in regression models

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1092-1100页

作者： Glenn Palmer Siqi Du Alexander Politowicz Joshua Paul Emory Xiyu Yang Anupraas gautam Grishma Gupta Zhelong Li Ryan Jacobs Dane Morgan Department of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Obtaining accurate estimates of machine learning model uncertainties on newly predicted data is essential for understanding the accuracy of the model and whether its predictions can be trusted.A common approach to such uncertainty quantification is to estimate the variance from an ensemble of models,which are often generated by the generally applicable bootstrap *** this work,we demonstrate that the direct bootstrap ensemble standard deviation is not an accurate estimate of uncertainty but that it can be simply calibrated to dramatically improve its *** demonstrate the effectiveness of this calibration method for both synthetic data and numerous physical datasets from the field of Materials Science and *** approach is motivated by applications in physical and biological science but is quite general and should be applicable for uncertainty quantification in a wide range of machine learning regression models.

关键词： ensemble applicable uncertainty

Preparation of novel magnetic noble metals supramolecular composite for the reduction of organic dyes and nitro aromatics

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中国化学快报:英文版 2023年第8期34卷 189-195页

作者： Aadil Nabi Chishti Zhiyuan Ma Junjie Zha Muhammad Ahmad Peisen Wang Jagadis gautam Ming Chen Lubin Ni Guowang Diao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China

By considering the exceptional properties of supramolecular,noble metals(NM)and magnetic nanoparticles(NPs),we successfully synthesized a novel magnetic,metals and supramolecular ***,the Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)core-shell spheres were first modified with gold(Au)and palladium(Pd)NPs and then with mono-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin(SH-β-CD).The synthesized Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-Au-Pd@SH-β-CD nanocomposite shows a good magnetic response(42.3 emu/g).The nanocomposite showed good performance for the reductive degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)and 4-nitrophenol(4-NP).The calculated rate constant(k)values for the reduction of 4-NP and RhB were 0.062±0.02 s^(−1)and 0.027±0.01 s^(−1),*** high catalytical performance was supposed to be due to the host-guest interaction ofβ-CD and also due to the NM synergic *** nanocomposite structural and chemical morphology was investigated by various spectroscopic ***,the catalyst was recycled six times and it maintains morphology,chemical nature,and high magnetic behavior,as demonstrated by FTIR and TEM analysis of the recycled *** results demonstrate a very efficient,cost-effective,and recyclable catalyst in the field of catalysis technology development.

关键词： Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-Au-Pd@SH-β-CD composite Catalysis Reduction Degradation Synergistic effect

Inflammatory bowel disease in India- Past, present and future

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第36期22卷 8123-8136页

作者： gautam Ray Gastroenterology Unit Department of Medicine B.R.Singh Hospital

There is rising incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) in India topping the Southeast Asian(SEA) countries. The common genes implicated in disease pathogenesis in the West are not causal in Indian patients and the role of "hygiene hypothesis" is unclear. There appears to be a North-South divide with more ulcerative colitis(UC) in north and Crohn's disease(CD) in south India. IBD in second generation Indian migrants to the West takes the early onset and more severe form of the West whereas it retains the nature of its country of origin in migrants to SEA countries. The clinical presentation is much like other SEA countries(similar age and sex profile, low positive family history and effect of smoking, roughly similar disease location, use of aminosalicylates for CD, low use of biologics and similar surgical rates) with some differences(higher incidence of inflammatory CD, lower perianal disease, higher use of aminosalicylates and azathioprine and lower current use of corticosteroids). UC presents more with extensive disease not paralleled in severity clinically or histologically, follows benign course with easy medical control and low incidence of fulminant disease, cancer, complications, and surgery. UC related colorectal cancer develop in an unpredictable manner with respect to disease duration and site questioning the validity of strict screening protocol. About a third of CD patients get antituberculosis drugs and a significant number presents with small intestinal bleed which is predominantly afflicted by aggressive inflammation. Biomarkers have inadequate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for both. Pediatric IBD tends to be more severe than adult. Population based studies are needed to address the lacunae in epidemiology and definition of etiological factors. Newer biomarkers and advanced diagnostic techniques(in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy, molecular pathology and genetics) needs to be developed for proper disease definiti

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease India Review

Study of Aerosol Direct and Indirect Effects and Auto-conversion Processes over the West African Monsoon Region Using a Regional Climate Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 182-194页

作者： Zeinab SALAH Ahmed SHALABY Allison L. STEINER Ashraf S. ZAKEY Ritesh gautam Mohamed M. ABDEL WAHAB The Egyptian Meteorological Authority Cairo 11784 Egypt University of Michigan Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Ann Arbor M148109-2143 USA Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering and Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Bombay 400076 India Cairo University Department of Astronomy Space Science and Meteorology Giza 12613 Egypt Environmental Defense Fund Washington DC 20009 USA

This study assesses the direct and indirect effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosols （e.g., black carbon and sulfate） over West and Central Africa during the West African monsoon （WAM） period （June-July-August）. We investigate the impacts of aerosols on the amount of cloudiness, the influences on the precipitation efficiency of clouds, and the associated radiative forcing （direct and indirect）. Our study includes the implementation of three new formulations of auto-conversion parameterization [namely, the Beheng （BH）, Tripoli and Cotton （TC） and Liu and Daum （R6） schemes] in RegCM4.4.1, besides the default model＇s auto-conversion scheme （Kessler）. Among the new schemes, BH reduces the precipitation wet bias by more than 50% over West Africa and achieves a bias reduction of around 25% over Central Africa. Results from detailed sensitivity experiments suggest a significant path forward in terms of addressing the long-standing issue of the characteristic wet bias in RegCM. In terms of aerosol-induced radiative forcing, the impact of the various schemes is found to vary considerably （ranging from -5 to -25 W m-2）.

关键词： aerosol, cloud West African monsoon auto-conversion RegCM

Room-Temperature Humidity Sensing Using Graphene Oxide Thin Films

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Graphene 2016年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： gautam Naik Sridhar Krishnaswamy Center for Quality Engineering Northwestern University Evanston USA

In this article, we report on a room-temperature humidity sensing device using graphene oxide (GO) thin films synthesized by chemical exfoliation. Changes in the device conductivity are measured for varying relative humidity in the experimental chamber. Experiments are carried out for relative humidity varying from 30% to 95%. We observe a difference in the results obtained for low relative humidity (50%), and propose a sensing mechanism to explain this difference. Although the sensor exhibits some hysteresis at high relative humidities, a method to “reset” the sensor is also proposed. The sensing device has high sensitivity and fast response time.

关键词： Graphene Thin Film Sensor Humidity Hysteresis

两种草蛉对取食棉花的扶桑绵粉蚧的嗅觉反应(英文)

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昆虫学报 2010年第5期53卷 497-507页

作者： Sudhida gautam Ashok Kumar SINGH Ram Dass gautam Insect Bchaviour Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Delhi New Delhi110005 India Biological Control Laboratory Division of Entomology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110012 India

捕食性的普通草蛉Chrysoperla sp.(carnea group)和安平草蛉Mallada desjardinsi(Navas)(脉翅目:草蛉科)的寄主-生境定位取决于其觅食行为以及对各阶段释放的植物气味的行为反应。本研究调查了这两种交配的草蛉成虫以及取食棉花的扶桑... 详细信息

捕食性的普通草蛉Chrysoperla sp.(carnea group)和安平草蛉Mallada desjardinsi(Navas)(脉翅目:草蛉科)的寄主-生境定位取决于其觅食行为以及对各阶段释放的植物气味的行为反应。本研究调查了这两种交配的草蛉成虫以及取食棉花的扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis的反应,以便了解它们之间的三重营养关系。结果表明:草蛉雄虫和雌虫均能感受到棉花植株释放的绿叶挥发物;植株的各个阶段均可使捕食性昆虫和绵粉蚧定位。在受绵粉蚧为害的棉叶上饱和烃含量高,说明草蛉成虫的反应更为强烈;在植株受为害期和开花期释放捕食性昆虫,可提高田间捕食性昆虫的作用。这些结果提示有效的生物防治取决于捕食性昆虫在植株上的天然定殖能力以及对害虫的吞食能力。

关键词：普通草蛉安平草蛉扶桑绵粉蚧三重营养关系棉花绿叶挥发物

A Comprehensive Overview of the Paradigm of Laboratory Findings in the Diagnosis of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India

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Open Journal of Pathology 2022年第1期12卷 12-21页

作者： Ravi gautam Anshu Gupta Department of Pathology Swami Dayanand Hospital Delhi India Department of Pathology and In-Charge Emergency Laboratory Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences (IHBAS) Delhi India

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2. As this disease is highly contagious and rapidly spreading, so all countries have to increase their level of preparedness, alert, and response to identify, manage, and care for new cases of COVID-19;laboratory testing is an integral part of this strategy. Accurate results by laboratory diagnosis are beneficial for public health.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Diagnosis Molecular Testing Diagnosis Diagnostic Tests

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煅烧黏土反应活性及其影响机理

建筑材料学报 2023年第2期26卷 179-185,220页

作者：胡传林陶永征 TARIQ Jamil BISHNU gautam 王发洲武汉理工大学硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室湖北武汉430070 武汉理工大学材料科学与工程国际化示范学院湖北武汉430070 NED工程技术大学机械工程系信德卡拉奇74200 尼泊尔国家科学技术院巴格马蒂拉利特普尔44700

采用煅烧黏土在碱性溶液中的反应热试验,探明了氢氧化钙含量、反应温度、煅烧温度和高岭石含量等因素对煅烧黏土反应活性的影响规律及其机理.结果表明:反应热试验能够实现煅烧黏土反应活性的快速表征,且累计放热量与黏土中高岭石含量具... 详细信息

采用煅烧黏土在碱性溶液中的反应热试验,探明了氢氧化钙含量、反应温度、煅烧温度和高岭石含量等因素对煅烧黏土反应活性的影响规律及其机理.结果表明:反应热试验能够实现煅烧黏土反应活性的快速表征,且累计放热量与黏土中高岭石含量具有良好的线性相关性;随着煅烧温度的升高,黏土颗粒逐渐破碎,结构无序化程度增大,反应活性出现并逐渐增长到峰值,随后黏土颗粒粒径进一步增大,导致反应活性显著下降.

关键词：辅助性胶凝材料煅烧黏土反应活性反应温度碱含量煅烧温度高岭石含量