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Reliability, Accuracy, and Use Frequency of Evaluation Methods for Amount of Tongue Coating

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期25卷 378-385页

作者： su-Ryun Kim Dong-Hyun nam Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnosis College of Korean MedicineSangji UniversityWonju 26339Republic of Korea

Objective: To classify the evaluation methods for amount of tongue coating(TC) and investigate their reliability, accuracy, and frequency of use. Methods: Articles published from 1985 to 2015 were searched for evaluation methods for the amount of TC in PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Only clinical researches were included except protocol articles. The methods were classi?ed according to their characteristics. Results: Finally,113 articles were selected. The evaluation method for the amount of TC from the articles was classi?ed into 4 types: intuitive, specificative, computerized, and weighing TC. The reliability in the intuitive and specificative methods(κ=0.33–0.92) showed varying levels among the studies. In general, the amount of TC calculated by the speci?cative method(Spearman's r=0.68–0.80) was more strongly related to the directly measured value than to the value estimated by the computerized method(Pearson's r=0.442). The number of articles published on this topic has increased consistently, and the speci?cative method was the most frequently used. Despite the higher reliability of the computerized method, it has not been widely used. Conclusions: The high prevalence of the speci?cative method would continue in clinical practice because of its convenience and accuracy. However,to establish higher reliability, the limitation of the subjectivity of the assessors should be overcome through calibration training. In the computerized method, novel algorithms are needed to obtain a higher accuracy so that it can help the practitioners con?dently estimate the amount of TC.

关键词： tongue coating evaluation methods reliability accuracy frequency

UBP12/UBP13-mediated deubiquitination of salicylic acid receptor NPR3 suppresses plant immunity

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Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 232-244页

作者： Yu Zhou su-Hyun Park nam-Hai Chua Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory National University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore 117604Singapore Disruptive&sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore

Salicylic acid(SA),a defense hormone produced after pathogen challenge,is critical for plant *** NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1(NPR1)and its paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 can bind SA and mediate SA signal ***1 functions as a transcriptional co-activator to promote defense gene expression,whereas NPR3 and NPR4 have been shown to function as negative regulators in the SA signaling *** the mechanism about NPR1 regulation has been well studied,how NPR3/NPR4 proteins are regulated in immune responses remains largely ***,we show that the stability of NPR3/NPR4 is enhanced by *** the absence of pathogen challenge,NPR3/NPR4 are unstable and degraded by the 26S proteasome,whereas the increase in cellular SA levels upon pathogen infection suppresses NPR3/NPR4 *** found that UBP12 and UBP13,two homologous deubiquitinases from a ubiquitin-specific protease subfamily,negatively regulate plant immunity by promoting NPR3/NPR4 *** genetic results further showed that UBP12/UBP13-mediated immunity suppression is partially dependent on NPR3/NPR4 *** interacting with NPR3 in the nucleus in an SA-dependent manner,UBP12 and UBP13 remove ubiquitin from polyubiquitinated NPR3 to protect it from being *** stabilization of NPR3/NPR4 promoted by UBP12/UBP13 is essential for negative regulation of basal and SA-induced immunity.

关键词： plant immunity salicylic acid NPR3 UBP12/UBP13

Omnidirectional color wavelength tuning of stretchable chiral liquid crystal elastomers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1062-1074页

作者： Seungmin nam Wontae Jung Jun Hyuk Shin su Seok Choi Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangKorea

Wavelength-tunable structural colors using stimuli-responsive materials,such as chiral liquid crystals(CLCs),have attracted increasing attention owing to their high functionality in various tunable photonic ***,on-demand omnidirectional wavelength control is highly desirable from the perspective of wavelength-tuning ***,despite numerous previous research efforts on tunable CLC structural colors,only mono-directional wavelength tuning toward shorter wavelengths has been employed in most studies to *** this study,we report the ideally desired omnidirectional wavelength control toward longer and shorter wavelengths with significantly improved tunability over a broadband wavelength *** using areal expanding and contractive strain control of dielectric elastomer actuators(DEAs)with chiral liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),simultaneous and omnidirectional structural color-tuning control was *** breakthrough in omnidirectional wavelength control enhances the achievable tuning freedom and versatility,making it applicable to a broad range of high-functional photonic applications.

关键词： tuning tunable directional

Automatic Discontinuity Classification of Wind-turbine Blades Using A-scan-based Convolutional Neural Network

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第1期9卷 210-218页

作者： Jiyeon Choung sun Lim Seung Hwan Lim su Chung Chi Mun Ho nam Korea Electronics Technology Institute 401-402Bucheon Technopark655Pyeongcheon-roWonmi-guBucheon-siGyeonggi-do 14502Korea Sam Yong Inspection Engineering Co.Ltd.

Recent development trends in wind power generation have increased the importance of the safe operation of wind-turbine blades(WTBs). To realize this objective, it is essential to inspect WTBs for any defects before they are placed into operation. However, conventional methods of fault inspection in WTBs can be rather difficult to implement, since complex curvatures that characterize the WTB structures must ensure accurate and reliable inspection. Moreover, it is considered useful if inspection results can be objectively and consistently classified and analyzed by an automated system and not by the subjective judgment of an inspector. To address this concern,the construction of a pressure-and shape-adaptive phased-array ultrasonic testing platform, which is controlled by a nanoengine operation system to inspect WTBs for internal defects, has been presented in this paper. An automatic classifier has been designed to detect discontinuities in WTBs by using an A-scanimaging-based convolutional neural network(CNN). The proposed CNN classifier design demonstrates a classification accuracy of nearly 99%. Results of the study demonstrate that the proposed CNN classifier is capable of automatically classifying the discontinuities of WTB with high accuracy, all of which could be considered as defect candidates.

关键词： Wind-turbine blade(WTB) blade inspection platform convolutional neural network(CNN) discontinuity phased-array ultrasonic testing(PAUT) A-scan

Evaluation of immobilizing agents as soil quality conditioners in addition to their metal(loid) immobilizing effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 307-316页

作者： Chaw su LWIN Mina LEE Young-nam KIM Gary OWENS Kwon-Rae KIM Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural UniversityYezinNaypyitaw 15013Myanmar Department of Smart-Agro Industry Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Science(IALS) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Environmental Contaminants Group Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustralianMawson Lakes SA 5095Australia

In trace metal (TM)-contaminated agricultural soils,management of TM availability is important for safe crop *** addition,maintenance or improvement of soil quality is vital for sustainable crop *** TM phytoavailability and increased soil quality can be achieved by the application of various immobilizing agents to soil,which can supply both macronutrients and organic *** study investigated the long-term influences of four common immobilizing agents on soil biogeochemical properties and the phytoavailability of TMs in mixed metal-contaminated soil from a cultivated upland near an abandoned mining *** (L),gypsum (G),fly ash (F),and animal manure-based compost (C) were applied to pots containing contaminated soil,either individually or in *** incubation for three years under sequential cultivation of two crops and fallow,soil biogeochemical properties were determined,and Brassica rapa plant bioassay was *** phytoavailability of all TMs (both cationic metals and anionic metalloids) remained significantly lower in soils treated with immobilizing agents even after three years,when compared with the no-agent control (CK) *** addition,the soil quality was significantly improved by treatment with immobilizing *** instance,the C and L+C treatments were the most effective in improving soil physical (bulk density,porosity,and water-resistant aggregate stability),chemical (pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,cation exchange capacity,and plant-available phosphorus,magnesium,and potassium),and biological (microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity) *** improvement of soil properties and lowering of TM bioavailability were also consistent with the most significant increase in *** biomass production observed in the C treatment,followed by the L+C,G+F,L,G,F,and L+G treatments,as compared with that in *** results indicate that the function of the TM-immobilizing agent as a soil qualit

关键词： crop production metal bioavailability metal immobilization metal phytoavailability soil amendments soil biogeochemical properties soil remediation trace metals

A Unified Buffering Management with Set Divisible Cache for PCM Main Memory

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2016年第1期31卷 137-146页

作者： Mei-Ying Bian su-Kyung Yoon Jeong-Geun Kim Sangjae nam Shin-Dug Kim Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 Korea

This research proposes a phase-change memory （PCM） based main memory system with an effective combi- nation of a superblock-based adaptive buffering structure and its associated set divisible last-level cache （LLC）. To achieve high performance similar to that of dynamic random-access memory （DRAM） based main memory, the superblock-based adaptive buffer （SABU） is comprised of dual DRAM buffers, i.e., an aggressive superblock-based pre-fetching buffer （SBPB） and an adaptive sub-block reusing buffer （SBRB）, and a set divisible LLC based on a cache space optimization scheme. According to our experiment, the longer PCM access latency can typically be hidden using our proposed SABU, which can significantly reduce the number of writes over the PCM main memory by 26.44%. The SABU approach can reduce PCM access latency up to 0.43 times, compared with conventional DRAM main memory. Meanwhile, the average memory energy consumption can be reduced by 19.7%.

关键词： memory hierarchy memory structure,cache memory buffer management

Advantage of endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap for rectal neuroendocrine tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第31期21卷 9387-9393页

作者： su Bum Park Hyung Wook Kim Dae Hwan Kang Cheol Woong Choi su Jin Kim Hyeong Seok nam Department of Internal Medicine Pusan National University School of Medicine Research institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital

AIM: To compare the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap(EMR-C) with those of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for the resection of rectal neuroendocrine ***: One hundred and sixteen lesions in 114 patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumor(NET) resected with EMR-C or ESD were included in the study. This study was performed at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between July 2009 and August 2014. We analyzed endoscopic complete resection rate,pathologic complete resection rate,procedure time,and adverse events in the EMR-C(n = 65) and ESD(n = 51) groups. We also performed a subgroup analysis by tumor ***: Mean tumor size was 4.62 ± 1.66 mm in the EMR-C group and 7.73 ± 3.14 mm in the ESD group(P < 0.001). Endoscopic complete resection rate was 100% in both groups. Histologic complete resection rate was significantly greater in the EMR-C group(92.3%) than in the ESD group(78.4%)(P = 0.042). Mean procedure time was significantly longer in the ESD group(14.43 ± 7.26 min) than in the EMR-C group(3.83 ± 1.17 min)(P < 0.001). Rates of histologic complete resection without complication were similar for tumor diameter ≤ 5 mm(EMR-C,96%; ESD,100%,P = 0.472) as well as in cases of 5 mm < tumor diameter ≤ 10 mm(EMR-C,80%; ESD,71.0%,P = 0.524).CONCLUSION: EMR-C may be simple,faster,and more effective than ESD in removing rectal NETs and may be preferable for resection of small rectal NETs.

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumor Endoscopic mucosal resection

Protective Effect of Brassica napus *** against Inflammation Response in RAW 264.7 Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期27卷 273-279页

作者： su-Hyeon Cho Song Rae Kim Myeong Seon Jeong Miri Choi SeonJu Park Kil-nam Kim Chuncheon Center Korea Basic Science InstituteChuncheon(24341)Republic of Korea

Objective:To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of Brassica napus ***(BNH)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 ***:Composition analysis of BNH was conducted via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after BNH were *** nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using the Griess *** E2(PGE2)production was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** effects of BNH on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)were evaluated using Western blot ***,phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B(N F-k B)and nuclear translocation of N F-k B p65 were evaluated with Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining,***:Compared with LPS-stimulated cells,BNH markedly decreased the generation of NO and PGE_(2)in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Moreover,BNH inhibited protein levels of iNOS and COX-2(P<0.01).Phosphorylation of NF-k B and nuclear translocation of NF-k B p65 was significantly inhibited by BNH(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory activities of BNH were mediated via blockage of the N F-k B signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

关键词： Brassica napus L. inflammation lipopolysaccharide RAW 264.7 cells hydrosols

Effect of solid-solution strengthening on deformation mechanisms and strain hardening in medium-entropy V_(1-x)Cr_(x)CoNi alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第13期108卷 270-280页

作者： Hyun Chung Dae Woong Kim Woo Jin Cho Heung nam Han Yuji Ikeda Shoji Ishibashi Fritz Körmann Seok su Sohn Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841South Korea Center for High Entropy Alloys Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea Institute for Materials Science University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 55Stuttgart 70569Germany Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Strabe 1Düsseldorf 40237Germany Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials(CD-Fmat) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)TsukubaIbaraki 305-8568Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg2Delft 2628 CDthe Netherlands

High-and medium-entropy alloys(HEAs and MEAs)possess high solid-solution *** investigations have been conducted on its impact on yield strength,however,there are limited reports regarding the relation between solid-solution strengthening and strain-hardening *** addition,no attempt has been made to account for the dislocation-mediated plasticity;most works focused on twinning-or transformation-induced plasticity(TWIP or TRIP).In this work we reveal the role of solidsolution strengthening on the strain-hardening rate via systematically investigating evolutions of deformation structures by controlling the Cr/V ratio in prototypical V_(1-x)Cr_(x)CoNi *** the TWIP of CrCoNi with the dislocation slip of V_(0.4)Cr_(0.6)CoNi,the hardening rate of CrCoNi was superior to slip-band refinements of V_(0.4)Cr_(0.6)CoNi due to the dynamic Hall-Petch ***,as V content increased further to V_(0.7)Cr_(0.3)CoNi and VCoNi,their rate of slip-band refinement in V_(0.7)Cr_(0.3)CoNi and VCoNi with high solid-solution strength surpassed that of *** it is generally accepted in conventional alloys that deformation twinning results in a higher strain-hardening rate than dislocation-mediated plasticity,we observed that the latter can be predominant in the former under an activated huge solid-solution strengthening *** high solid-solution strength lowered the cross-slip activation and consequently retarded the dislocation rearrangement rate,i.e.,the dynamic *** delay in the hardening rate decrease,therefore,increased the strain-hardening rate,results in an overall higher strain-hardening rate of V-rich alloys.

关键词： Medium-entropy alloy Tensile property Solid-solution strength Strain-hardening rate Stacking fault energy