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Food Security： Where Are We Heading？

Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第7期10卷 357-364页

作者： Chua Kim Aik Fakhrul Anwar Zainol nalini arumugam Green Worm Genetics Sdn Bhd 40 Jalan KIP 10 Taman Perindustrial KIP Kepong 52200 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 21300 Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 21300 Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

The issues of food security are an important aspect of every country for its social and economic growth and the eradication of poverty. It is particularly crucial for satisfying the needs of the ever-growing population in developing countries. Agriculture is the backbone of the people and the economy for developing countries, particularly in highly populated countries such as India, China and South East Asia. The world population is anticipated to rise to 8.3 billion by 2030 and to 9.2 billion by 2050. By that time, to feed the growing population, food production must double to keep pace with the escalating food demand. Agricultural commodities showed increases of 58.9% in import dependency ratio （IDR） as compared to 32.2% in 2013. Thus, this study attempts to review and explore the challenges of food security as well as the opportunities of the seed industry in Malaysia.

关键词： Food security seed industry challenges opportunities Malaysia.

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Impact of TI Programmes Intervention under National AIDS Control Programme among Female Sex Workers in India: Evidence from Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey, 2014-15

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第2期12卷 83-96页

作者： Damodar Sahu Varsha Ranjan nalini Chandra Saritha Nair Anil Kumar Elangovan arumugam Bilali Camara Mendu Vishnu Vardhana Rao ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics New Delhi India UNAIDS India New Delhi India ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology Chennai Tamil Nadu India UNAIDS the Hague Netherlands

Background: A better understanding of the impact of Targeted Interventions (TI) services on Female Sex Worker (FSW) behaviours can help in informing and strengthening future TI efforts under National AIDS Control Programme (NACP). Methods: National Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey (IBBS) 2014-15 has been analysed in the paper. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to understand factors affecting condom use. Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to understand the impact of the TI services on condom use at the last act and consistent condom use in the last three months among FSWs. Results: Younger FSWs aged 15 - 25 years were 1.4 times (95% CI: 1.04 - 1.77) more likely to use consistent condoms in the last three months compared to older over 45 years after controlling for other socio-economic and programme variables. The matched samples estimate ATET i.e. the average treatment effect on treated for consistent condom use in the last three months shows that a 6.0% (CI: 4.7 - 7.3) increase in consistent condom use in the last three months in the FSWs who received information on STI/HIV from peer educator and outreach worker. There is also a 6.0% (4.7 - 7.2) increase in condom use in the last act for FSWs who received the referral services at STI clinics, HIV testing, and detox centres. Conclusions: It is evident that the TI programme has a positive impact on behavior change among FSWs which can prove beneficial to curtail the spread of HIV to the partners and onward transmission to the general population.

关键词： Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey (IBBS) Female Sex Worker (FSW) Propensity Score Matching (PSM) Targeted Intervention (TI) Evaluation

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