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WebFLex:A Framework for Web Browsers-Based Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning Systems Using WebRTC

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4177-4204页

作者： Mai Alzamel Hamza Ali Rizvi najwa Altwaijry Isra Al-Turaiki Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarhIndia

Scalability and information personal privacy are vital for training and deploying large-scale deep learning *** learning trains models on exclusive information by aggregating weights from various devices and taking advantage of the device-agnostic environment of web ***,relying on a main central server for internet browser-based federated systems can prohibit scalability and interfere with the training process as a result of growing client ***,information relating to the training dataset can possibly be extracted from the distributed weights,potentially reducing the privacy of the local data used for *** this research paper,we aim to investigate the challenges of scalability and data privacy to increase the efficiency of distributed training *** a result,we propose a web-federated learning exchange(WebFLex)framework,which intends to improve the decentralization of the federated learning *** is additionally developed to secure distributed and scalable federated learning systems that operate in web browsers across heterogeneous ***,WebFLex utilizes peer-to-peer interactions and secure weight exchanges utilizing browser-to-browser web real-time communication(WebRTC),efficiently preventing the need for a main central *** has actually been measured in various setups using the MNIST *** results show WebFLex’s ability to improve the scalability of federated learning systems,allowing a smooth increase in the number of participating devices without central data *** addition,WebFLex can maintain a durable federated learning procedure even when faced with device disconnections and network ***,it improves data privacy by utilizing artificial noise,which accomplishes an appropriate balance between accuracy and privacy preservation.

关键词： Federated learning web browser privacy deep learning

Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol under P-modified TiO2/UV system: Kinetics, intermediates, phytotoxicity and acute toxicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 479-487页

作者： Kais Elghniji Olfa Hentati najwa Mlaik Ayman Mahfoudh Mohamed Ksibi University of Sfax Laboratoire EauEnergie et Environnement ENISB.P 11733038 SfaxTunisia Institut Supe'rieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax B.P 1175 3038 SfaxTunisia

A series of phosphorus-modified titanium dioxide samples with varying P/Ti atomic ratio were conveniently prepared via a conventional solgel route. The effects of phosphorus content and calcination temperature on the crystalline structure, grain growth, surface area, and the photocatalytic activity of P-modified TiO2 were investigated. The XRD results showed that P species slow down the particle growth of anatase and increase the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperature to more than 900°C. Kinetic studies on the P-modified TiO2 to degraded 4-chlorophenol had found that the TP5500 prepared by adopting a P/Ti atomic ratio equal to 0.05 and calcined at 500°C had an apparent rate constant equal to 0.0075 min 1, which is superior to the performance of a commercial photocatalyst Degussa P25 Kapp = 0.0045 min 1 and of unmodified TiO2 （TP0500） Kapp = 0.0022 min 1. From HPLC analyses, various hydroxylated intermediates formed during oxidation had been identified, including hydroquinone （HQ）, benzoquinone （BQ） and （4CC） 4-chlorocatechol as main products. Phytotoxicity was assessed before and after irradiation against seed germination of tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） whereas acute toxicity was assessed by using Folsomia candida as the test organism. Intermediates products were all less toxic than 4-chlorophenol and a significant removal of the overall toxicity was accomplished

关键词： P-modified TiO2 photocatalyst 4-chlorophenol acute toxicity germination

Data Structures in Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第6期27卷 1197-1210页

作者： najwa Altwaijry Mohamed El Bachir Menai Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178 Riyadh 11453Saudi Arabia

Data structures used for an algorithm can have a great impact on its performance, particularly for the solution of large and complex problems, such as multi-objective optimization problems （MOPs）. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms （MOEAs） are considered an attractive approach for solving MOPs~ since they are able to explore several parts of the Pareto front simultaneously. The data structures for storing and updating populations and non-dominated solutions （archives） may affect the efficiency of the search process. This article describes data structures used in MOEAs for realizing populations and archives in a comparative way, emphasizing their computational requirements and general applicability reported in the original work.

关键词： multi-objective evolutionary algorithm data structure Pareto front archive population

In field control of Botrytis cinerea by synergistic action of a fungicide and organic sanitizer

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作者： najwa Zebian

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1401-1408页

作者： Fatima Ayoub najwa Ben oujji Mohamed Ayoub Athman Hafidi Rachid Salghi Shehdeh Jodeh Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment National School of Applied ScienceIbn Zohr University Ecolink International Zone Industrielle Department of Chemistry An-Najah National University

A new Integrated Pest Management program based on the combination of synthetic pesticide with a GRAS （generally recognized as safe）-classified sanitizer for the control of Botrytis cinerea in field conditions was described. The aim behind this research was to determine whether the use of this mixture would enhance the efficiency of pesticides while decreasing the recommended dose. Naturally infected tomato plants, grown in the greenhouse, were treated with two commonly used fungicides SWITCH （Syngenta, Switzerland） and SIGNUM （BASF, Germany） each alone or combined with a commercially available organic sanitizer PERACLEAN？5 （Evonik Industries, Germany）. A total of 27 treatments were tested consisting of three concentrations of synthetic fungicide （×1, ×1/2 and ×1/4 of the recommended dose） either applied separately or combined with three concentrations of the tested sanitizer （0.5, 1 and 1.5％）. The control efficacy achieved by the fungicides applied alone ranged between 0 and 66.7％ while all fungicide-sanitizer mixtures resulted in up to 70％ control of grey mould. The treatment that provides the maximum control of B. cinerea was the result mixture of ×1/4 of the recommended concentration of SWITCH （15 g L-1） with 0.5％ of PERACLEAN？5. This combination suppressed 85％ of grey mold infections while decreasing the usually used amount of this pesticide by 75％, reducing therefore the well known negative impacts of chemical pesticides on environment and consumers health.

关键词： Botrytis cinerea tomatoes peroxyacetic acid PERACLEAN^(■)5 SIGNUM SWITCH

A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第2期7卷 17-26页

作者： Khairatun najwa Mohd Amin Alireza Hosseinmardi Darren J.Martin Pratheep K.Annamalai Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) the University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072 Australia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PahangLebuhraya Tun Razak26300 Gambang KuantanPahang D.M.Malaysia

Cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)with distinctive shape-morphology,enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocom-posites through melt compounding at elevated *** study shows a mixed acid hy-drolysis method to produce CNC with improved thermal stability and high *** use of phosphoric acid(H_(3)PO_(4)),as a mild acid,in combination with a strong acid either sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))or hydrochloric acid(HCl)leads to reduced use of strong acids and low impact on our *** influences of acid combination and sequence of addition on the production yield were investigated by retaining the proportion of H_(3)PO_(4)to corrosive acid(H_(2)SO_(4)and HCl)4 to 1,and solid to liquid ratio 1꞉*** methodology has enabled to isolate CNC with higher thermal stability,dispersibility and productivity in terms of amount acid used 1 g of CNC,as compared with single acid *** CNC produced using the combination of H_(3)PO_(4)and HCl exhibits high thermal stability,dispersibility and rod-like shape morphology with length and width of(424±86)and(22±3)nm,***,this approach has reduced H_(3)PO_(4)consumption by 54%as compared with single acid hydrolysis method for the production of same amount of CNC.

关键词： Cellulose nanocrystal(CNC) Acid hydrolysis Thermal stability Mixed acid Crystallinity Production yield

Incipient sediment motion based on turbulent fluctuations

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第2期35卷 125-133页

作者： Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar Ji Wang Lee najwa Izzaty Mohammad Azha Nian-Sheng Cheng Department of Civil & Structural Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of EngineeringNanyang Technical University

The current study modifies the representation of the Shields parameter using turbulent strength,*** root-mean-square(rms) fluid *** were done under a steady,uniform flow using eight sediment sizes with particle Reynolds numbers(Rep) ranging between 1.0(fine sediment) and 183.4(coarse sediment).Utilising the peak rms horizontal(u) values,the critical Shields parameter,θ,was calculated and a trend similar to the well-established Shields curve was *** analysis was extended to the Shields curve obtained based on the critical shear velocity,Reynolds shear stress,and data extracted fro m the oscillating grid-turbulence *** show that turbulent fluctuations are crucial for the incipient sediment motion and are essentially better predictors than the commonly used critical shear velocity.A quadrant analysis to identify the role of turbulent bursting events in incipient sediment motion also was done where sweeps and ejections are dominant for finer and coarser sediment sizes,respectively.

关键词： Incipient sediment motion Root-mean-square fluid velocity Grid-turbulence Quadrant analysis Turbulent fluctuations

Taurine protects against retinal and optic nerve damage induced by endothelin-1 in rats via antioxidant effects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 2014-2021页

作者： Natasha najwa Nor Arfuzir Renu Agarwal Igor Iezhitsa Puneet Agarwal Sabrilhakim Sidek Nafeeza Mohd Ismail Center for Neuroscience Research Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus Volgograd State Medical University Research Institute of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine International Medical UniversityIMU Clinical School

Endothelin-1（ET-1）, a potent vasoconstrictor, is involved in retinal vascular dysregulation and oxidative stress in glaucomatous eyes. Taurine（TAU）, a naturally occurring free amino acid, is known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Hence, we evaluated its neuroprotective properties against ET-1 induced retinal and optic nerve damage. ET-1 was administered intravitreally to Sprague-Dawley rats and TAU was injected as pre-, co-or post-treatment. Animals were euthanized seven days post TAU injection. Retinae and optic nerve were examined for morphology, and were also processed for caspase-3 immunostaining. Retinal redox status was estimated by measuring retinal superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels using enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay. Histopathological examination showed significantly improved retinal and optic nerve morphology in TAU-treated groups. Morphometric examination showed that TAU pre-treatment provided marked protection against ET-1 induced damage to retina and optic nerve. In accordance with the morphological observations, immunostaining for caspase showed a significantly lesser number of apoptotic retinal cells in the TAU pre-treatment group. The retinal oxidative stress was reduced in all TAU-treated groups, and particularly in the pre-treatment group. The findings suggest that treatment with TAU, particularly pre-treatment, prevents apoptosis of retinal cells induced by ET-1 and hence prevents the changes in the morphology of retina and optic nerve. The protective effect of TAU against ET-1 induced retinal and optic nerve damage is associated with reduced retinal oxidative stress.

关键词： endothelin-1 retina optic nerve taurine oxidative stress

In vivo hypoglycemic investigation, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of Pereskia bleo Kunth. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第2期9卷 73-79页

作者： Anis najwa Abdul Rani Roziahanim Mahmud Norliyana Amran Mohd Zaini Asmawi Nornisah Mohamed Shanmugapriya Perumal School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia

Objective: To elucidate the in vivo hypoglycemic capability, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Pereskia bleo(Kunth) leaves extracts and bioactive fraction. Methods: The various solvent extracts of Pereskia bleo were investigated for the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities using a relevant in vivo normal rat model and streptozotocininduced diabetic rat model with glibenclamide and metformin utilized as positive controls. The effects of the most potent extract and its bioactive fraction on the insulin level, lipid profile and body weight of the diabetic rats were also analyzed. Results: All the extracts showed no hypoglycemic effect while petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts demonstrated significant(P<0.05) reduction in blood sugar level in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Aqueous extract and aqueous fraction significantly(P<0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as early as day 6 compared to the diabetic control as well as significantly restored the serum insulin of diabetic rats. Moreover, the aqueous extract and aqueous fraction disclosed a significant(P<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels. An elevation in high-density lipoprotein as well as improved body weight loss of the diabetic rats were also observed. Conclusions: In summary, Pereskia bleo appears effective in the management of diabetes and correlated impairments arising from high blood sugar level. Further studies will possibly bring about the discovery of effective and secure plant derived antidiabetic drugs.

关键词： Antihyperglycemic Antihyperlipidemic Pereskia bleo Aqueous fraction Hypoglycemic