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Climate Change Impact on Aquifer System of Essaouira Basin during the Past 4 Decades (Morocco)

Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第1期6卷 19-33页

作者： Salah Ouhamdouch Mohammed Bahir Paula Carreira najiba chkir Abdelmalek Goumih Hamid Chamchati 3GEOLAB Department of Geology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco Departement of Geology E.N.S. of Marrakech Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco Química Analítica e Ambiental IST/ITN Universidade Técnica of Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax Radio-Analyses et Environnement Sfax Tunisie

Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the climate of the globe, the warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, the decrease in the extent of snow and ice, and rising sea levels. In addition to the demographic pressure, the Maghreb countries are suffering from the drought, which accentuates the phenomenon of desertification and soil erosion, as well as their salinity, which leads to the salinization and depletion of water resources. In Morocco, the climate change leads to the erosion of the soil under the effect of desertification resulting in siltation of reservoirs and the increased salinization of soil and water resources. The Essaouira basin, which is the subject of this study, is located at the Western extremity of the High Atlas to the Southeast of the Essaouira city;between 31°20' to 31°30'N and between 9°00' to 9°46'W. The basin is characterized by a semi-arid climate with average annual rainfall of around 300 mm·year-1 and an average temperature of 20°C. Considering the importance of the aquifer in Essaouira in the supply of the region's groundwater, a study was conducted to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of climate change on water resources in this area. The aquifers present in this region are one of cenomano-turonian upstream and plio-quaternary downstream, separated by the diaper of Tidzi. A piezometric map of the basin was made (1990-2009) and the hydrochemical method of the waters shows that they present a facies Na-Cl with an electrical conductivity ranging from 700 to 7000 μs/cm. The isotopic tracers like 18O, 2H, 3H and 14C were analyzed to determine the age of groundwater, and a right local meteoric close to the right meteoric world characterizing the precipitation of oceanic origin has been determined. The Essaouira basin turns out to be very vulnerable and sensitive to climate change because its recharge is entirely dependent on the rainwater. These results should be ta

关键词： Climate Change Drought Essaouira Basin Hydrochemistry Isotopy Piezometry Semi-Arid Water Resources

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Groundwater Chemical Evolution in the Essaouira Aquifer Basin—NW Morocco

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2013年第3期3卷 130-137页

作者： Mohammed Bahir Rachid El Moukhayar najiba chkir Hamid Chamchati Paula Galego Fernandes Paula Carreira Geodynamics Laboratory Magmatic Géoressources and Georisks Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Morocco Geography Departement Faculty of Letters and Humanities Sfax University Sfax Tunisia Nuclear Technology Institute Sacavém Portugal.

The sustainability of groundwater resources for drinking water supplies, agriculture, and industry a prime concern in countries dominated by arid and semi-arid climates such as Morocco. The growing demand for groundwater coupled with impacts from land use and climate change make sustainability an even more important water management goal. In order to make sound decisions about water use and protection of water quality, managers and policy makers must have a sound understanding of such factors as the location and amount of groundwater recharge and groundwater ages. Due to the population growth and climate change (causing long periods of drought) in the world, many countries have intensively increased their use of water sources for supplying potable water to population and for their agricultural (irrigation) and industrial developments. Due to the lack of surface waters, people exploit mainly underground water reservoirs. So, it is necessary to study and characterize these water reservoirs to avoid any excess of exploitation. The water resources of the Essaouira basin are characteristic of a semi-arid climate, and are severely impacted by the climate (quantity and quality). Considering the importance of the Essaouira aquifer in the groundwater supply of the region, a study was conducted in order to comprehend this aquifer groundwater evolution. It is an aquifer located on the Atlantic coastline, southern (Morocco), corresponding to a sedimentary basin with an area of near200 km2. Covering the Palaeozoic bedrock, the sedimentary series range from the Triassic to the Quaternary. The geological structures delineate a syncline bordered by the Tidzi diapir of Triassic age which outcrops to the East and South. In the Essaouira basin a multi-aquifer was identified constituted by detrital deposits of the Plioquaternary and dolomitic limestones of the Turonian. The Plioquaternary is unconfined below the Senonian marls. However, in some places it can be in direct contact with t

关键词： Essaouira Basin Aquifer Hydrogeochemistry Mass Balance Model

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Ammonia borane at high pressures

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第36期59卷 5227-5234页

作者： Jiuhua Chen Vadym Drozd Yongzhou Sun Shah najiba Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Jilin University Center for the Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA

Ammonia borane has received tremendous research attention in the past decade because of its potential for chemical hydrogen storage. This paper reviews recent studies about the behavior of ammonia borane at high pressures. While much work is still needed to comprehensively understand the pressure influence on this molecular crystal, a phase diagram based on the available experimental and theoretical data is constructed. Raman spectroscopy studies indicate five transitions upon compression up to 65 GPa at ambient temperature. Diffraction experiments and theoretical studies demonstrate that three of these transitions are first-order phase transformations in the sequence of I4mm-Cmc21-P21-(different) P21, and two are iso-structural. A low-temperature phase(Pmn21) and a high-temperature high-pressure phase(Pmna) are also recognized.

关键词：高温高压硼烷氨衍射实验分子晶体理论数据拉曼光谱环境温度

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Dimethoate Induced Oxidative Damage and Histopathological Changes in lung of Adult rats:Modulatory Effects of Selenium and/or Vitamin E

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期25卷 340-351页

作者： Ibtissem Ben AMARA Nejla SOUDANI Afef TROUDI Ahmed HAKIM Khaled Mounir ZEGHAL Tahia BOUDAWARA najiba ZEGHAL Animal Physiology Laboratory Faculty of ScienceBP11713000 SfaxUniversity of SfaxTunisia Laboratory of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine3029 SfaxUniversity of Sfax Tunisi Anatomopathology Laboratory CHU Habib Bourguiba 3029 SfaxUniversity of SfaxTunisia

Objective To determine the efficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E to alleviate lung oxidative damage induced by dimethoate, an organophosphorus compound. Methods Adult Wistar rats were exposed during 30 days either to dimethoate （0.2 g/L of drinking water）, dimethoate＋selenium （0.5 mg/kg of diet）, dimethoate＋vitamin E （100 mg/kg of diet）, or dimethoate＋selenium＋vitamin E. Results Exposure to dimethoate caused oxidative stress in lung evidenced by an increase of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products. An increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, glutathione, non-protein thiols and vitamins C levels were observed. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were noted as emphysema, hemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits. Co-administration of selenium or vitamin E to the diet of dimethoate treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters as well as histological impairments. The joint effect of these elements was more powerful in antagonizing dimethoate-induced lung oxidative damage. Conclusion We concluded that selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effects of this pesticide in lung tissue suggesting their role as potential antioxidants.

关键词： Dimethoate Selenium Vitamin E Rats Lung Antioxidant status Histopathological studies

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Nitrate-induced Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in the Liver of Rats:Ameliorative Effect of Hyparrhenia hirta

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期27卷 695-706页

作者： Hanen BOUAZIZ-KETATA Ghada BEN SALAH Hichem BEN SALAH Rim MARREKCHI Kamel JAMOUSSI Tahia BOUDAWARA Faiza FAKHFEKH najiba ZEGHAL Animal Physiology Laboratory UR/11 ES70Sfax Faculty of SciencesUniversity of SfaxBP1171Sfax 3000Tunisia Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics Faculty of MedicineSfax 3029Tunisia Laboratory of Chemistry Sfax Faculty of SciencesUniversity of SfaxBP1171Sfax 3000Tunisia Laboratory of Biochemistry CHU Hedi ChakerSfax 3029Tunisia Histopathology Laboratory University of SfaxCHU Habib BourguibaSfax 3029Tunisia

Objective The present study investigated the protective role of Hyparrhenia hirta （H. hirta） against sodium nitrate （NaNO3）-induced hepatoxicity. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： a control group and two treated groups during 50 d with NaNO3 administered either alone in drinking water or co-administered with H. hit＇to. Results NaNO3 treatment induced a significant increase in serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride while serum total protein level decreased significantly. Transaminases and lactate deshydrogenase activities in serum were elevated indicating hepatic cells＇ damage after treatment with NaNO3. The hyperbilirubinemia and the increased serum gamma glutamyl transferase activities suggested the presence of cholestasis in NaNO3 exposed rats. In parallel, a significant increase in malondialdehyde level along with a concomitant decrease in total glutathione content and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed in the liver after NaNO3 treatment. Furthermore, nitrate caused a significant induction of DNA fragmentation. These modifications in NaNO3-treated rats corresponded histologically with hepatoceltular necrosis and mononuclear cells infiltration. H. hirta supplementation showed a remarkable amelioration of the abnormalities cited above. Conclusion The results concluded that the treatment with H. hirta had a significant role in protecting the animals from nitrate-induced liver dysfunction.

关键词： Antioxidant Hyparrhenia hirta Liver Nitrate toxicity Oxidative stress Rat

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C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and sporadic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2013年第4期2卷 132-134页

作者： Leila Mansouri Sarra Klai najiba Fekih-Mrissa Nasreddine Gritli Ridha Mrissa Department of Neurology Military Hospital Tunis Tunisia Laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Hematology Military Hospital Tunis Tunisia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder. Although the clinical manifestations and the pathological features have been well elucidated, a clear etiology of AD is still unknown to this day. In the past few decades, investigations have elucidated that both the genetic and the environmental factors are capable of causing the development of AD. We report a patient with clinically diagnosed earlyonset Alzheimer's disease, age of onset 45 years. Genetic analysis revealed two MTHFR heterozygous polymorphisms C677T and A1298C.

关键词： A1298C MTHFR Mutation C677T MTHFR Mutation Early-Onset Alzheimer

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