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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXTREME MANUFACTURING 2024年第4期6卷 21-60页

作者： Wang, Hao Pan, Cheng-Feng Li, Chi Menghrajani, Kishan s. schmidt, Markus A. Li, Aoling Fan, Fu Zhou, Yu Zhang, Wang Wang, Hongtao nair, parvathi nair s.s.ela Chan, John You En Mori, Tomohiro Hu, Yueqiang Hu, Guangwei Maier, stefan A. Ren, Haoran Duan, Huigao Yang, Joel K. W. Hunan Univ Coll Mech & Vehicle Engn Changsha 410082 Peoples R China singapore Univ Technol & Design Engn Prod Dev Singapore 487372 Singapore Hunan Univ Greater Bay Area Inst Innovat Guangzhou 511300 Peoples R China Natl Univ singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn 4 Engn Dr 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore Inst Mat Res & Engn A STAR Agcy Sci Technol & Res Singapore 138634 Singapore Monash Univ Fac Sci Sch Phys & Astron Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia Imperial Coll London Dept Phys London SW7 2AZ England Leibniz Inst Photon Technol D-07745 Jena Germany FsU Jena Abbe Ctr Photon D-07745 Jena Germany FsU Jena Fac Phys D-07745 Jena Germany Otto schott Inst Mat Res FSU Jena D-07745 Jena Germany Ind Technol Ctr Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama 6496261 Japan Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro- and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production, particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g. alignment-free fabrication, micro- and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances i

关键词： two-photon polymerization lithography 3D printing additive manufacturing imaging optics and nanophotonics REFRACTIVE-INDEX FREsNEL LENs ARRAY FABRICATION FEMTOsECOND LAsER NEURAL-NETWORKs LARGE-AREA 3D DEsIGN MICROsTRUCTUREs METALENsEs

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 66-68页

作者： Aswathi N Jincy M.Jose sreelata B.nair Prabha s.N Pappachan s Department of Medical Genetics Lifeline Super Specialty HospitalPathanamthittaKerala 691523India Lifeline super specialty Hospital PathanamthittaKerala 691523India

Alagille syndrome(ALGs;OMIM#118450)is a highlyvariable,multi-systemic,autosomal dominant disorder,caused by mutations in the Jagged Canonical Notch Ligand 1(JAG1)gene(20p12.2)or in the Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2(NOTCH2)gene(1p13).^(1)It primarily affects the liver,heart,eyes,face,kidney,skin,vertebrae,and skeleton.^(1,2)The JAG1 gene has 26 exons and about 90%of the ALGs cases result from pathogenic variants in the JAG1 and around 7%of cases have deletions in chromosome 20 that include this gene.

关键词： JAG1 cases Notch

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期 25-65页

作者： Hao Wang Cheng-Feng Pan Chi Li Kishan s Menghrajani Markus A schmidt Aoling Li Fu Fan Yu Zhou Wang Zhang Hongtao Wang parvathi nair s.s.ela nair John You En Chan Tomohiro Mori Yueqiang Hu Guangwei Hu stefan A Maier Haoran Ren Huigao Duan Joel K W Yang College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and Design Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation Hunan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore school of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of ScienceMonash University Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics Otto schott Institute of Material Research Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture school of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Department of Physics Imperial College London

Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication ***-dimensional(3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography(TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g. alignment-free fabrication, micro-and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances in mate

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Cellular interplay to 3D in vitro microphysiological disease model:cell patterning microbiota-gut-brain axis

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 320-357页

作者： Kamare Alam Lakshmi nair souvik Mukherjee Kulwinder Kaur Manjari singh santanu Kaity Velayutham Ravichandiran sugato Banerjee subhadeep Roy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Assam UniversitySilchar 788011India Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Guru Ghasidas UniversityKoniBilaspur 495009C.G.India school of Pharmacy and Biomolecular sciences RCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin D02 YN77Ireland Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative MedicineRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin D02 YN77Ireland Department of Pharmaceutics National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India

The microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA)has emerged as a key prospect in the bidirectional communication between two major organ systems:the brain and the *** between the two organ systems allows the body to function without disease,whereas dysbiosis has long-standing evidence of etiopathological *** most common communication paths are the microbial release of metabolites,soluble neurotransmitters,and immune ***,each pathway is intertwined with a complex *** the emergence of in vitro models and the popularity of three-dimensional(3D)cultures and Transwells,engineering has become easier for the scientific understanding of neurodegenerative *** paper briefly retraces the possible communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the *** further elaborates on three major diseases:autism spectrum disorder,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s disease,which are prevalent in children and the *** diseases also decrease patients’quality of ***,understanding them more deeply with respect to current advances in in vitro modeling is crucial for understanding the *** of MGBA in the laboratory uses many molecular technologies and biomaterial *** and organoids provide a more realistic picture of the cell and tissue structure than *** them with the Transwell system offers the advantage of compartmentalizing the two systems(apical and basal)while allowing physical and chemical cues between ***-edge technologies,such as bioprinting and microfluidic chips,might be the future of in vitro modeling,as they provide dynamicity.

关键词： Microbiota-gut-brain axis Neurodegeneration 3D disease model Organoid Transwell system

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Multiplexed fluorescence and scatter detection with single cell resolution using on-chip fiber optics for droplet microfluidic applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 207-218页

作者： Preksha Gupta Ambili Mohan Apurv Mishra Atindra nair Neeladri Chowdhury Dhanush Balekai Kavyashree Rai Anil Prabhakar Taslimarif saiyed Discovery Innovation Accelerator Centre for Cellular and Molecular PlatformsBellary RoadBengaluru560065KarnatakaIndia Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036Tamil NaduIndia

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a critical component of several high-throughput single-cell analysis techniques in biomedical research and *** significant progress in the development of individual assays,multiparametric optical sensing of droplets and their encapsulated contents has been *** current approaches,most commonly involving microscopy-based high-speed imaging of droplets,are technically complex and require expensive instrumentation,limiting their widespread *** address these limitations,we developed the OptiDrop platform;this platform is a novel optofluidic setup that leverages the principles of flow *** platform enables on-chip detection of the scatter and multiple fluorescence signals from the microfluidic droplets and their contents using optical *** highly customizable on-chip optical fiber-based signal detection system enables simplified,miniaturized,low-cost,multiparametric sensing of optical signals with high sensitivity and single-cell resolution within each *** demonstrate the ability of the OptiDrop platform,we conducted a differential expression analysis of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein in response to IFNγ*** results showed the platform’s ability to sensitively detect cell surface biomarkers using fluorescently labeled ***,the OptiDrop platform combines the versatility of flow cytometry with the power of droplet microfluidics to provide wide-ranging,scalable optical sensing solutions for research and diagnostics.

关键词： scatter enable resolution

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Health systems strengthening to Tackle the Global Burden of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: A Diagonal Approach

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第2期19卷 131-138页

作者： Dominique Vervoort Amy Verstappen sreehari Madhavankutty nair Chong Chin Eu Bistra Zheleva Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Cardiac surgery University of TorontoTorontoCanada Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts PhiladelphiaUSA Department of Health services Government of KeralaKeralaIndia Ministry of Health PutrajayaMalaysia Children’s HeartLink MinneapolisUSA

1 Background Congenital heart disease(CHD)is the most common major congenital anomaly,affecting approximately one in every 100 live births[1].Among congenital anomalies,66%of preventable deaths are due to CHD,and 58%of the avertable morbidity and mortality due to congenital anomalies would result from scaling congenital heart surgery services[2].Every year,nearly 300,000 children and adults die from CHD,the majority of whom live in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)[3].Approximately 49%of all individuals with CHD will require surgical or interventional care at some point in their lifetime[4];as a result of advances in access to and the delivery of such services,over 95%of children born with CHD in high-income countries now live into adulthood[3].Here,adults have surpassed children in the number of CHD cases at a ratio of 2:1[5].

关键词： Congenital heart disease pediatric heart disease global health health systems health policy

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Tubularized incised plateurethroplasty and grafted tubularized incised plate urethroplasty: systematic review, metaanalysis and trial sequential analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2024年第1期7卷 10-19页

作者： Nitinkumar Borkar Charu Tiwari Abhijit nair Debajyoti Mohanty C K sinha Jai Kumar Mahajan Paediatric surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences-RaipurRaipurChhattisgardhIndia Department of Anaesthesiology Ibra HospitalbraOman General surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences-RaipurRaipurChhattisgardhIndia Paediatric surgery St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Pediatric surgery PGIMERChandigarhIndia

Background Hypospadias is one of the most common genital birth *** are around 300 various techniques available for the repair of *** study aims to compare the reported outcomes of Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty(TIP)and Grafted TIP(GTIP)repair in children undergoing primary *** This meta-analysisadhered to Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,and we framed our research question using the population,intervention,control and outcomes *** conducted comprehensive electronic searches across various databases,employing a Boolean search strategy with predefined search *** randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included for quantitative *** Totally,10 RCTs met our inclusion criteria for quantitative *** results indicated that urethrocutaneous fistula,glans dehiscence,and stricture rates were comparable between the two *** incidence of meatal stenosis was found to be significantly lower in the GTIP group with a relative risk(RR)of 0.32(95%confidence interval(Cl)0.15 to 0.67).Conclusion The coucomes UCF,glans dehiscence,and stricture rates were comparable between the two ***,the incidence of meatal stenosis was found to be significantly lower in the grafted TIP *** terms of operative time,our quantitative synthesis demonstrated that the TIP group had a shorter operative time than the GTIP group with significant heterogeneity.

关键词： plate grafted analysis

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Why do thoracic epidurals fail?A literature review on thoracic epidural failure and catheter confirmation

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期13卷 11-16页

作者： Kamal Kumar Fuhazia Horner Mohamed Aly Gopakumar s nair Cheng Lin Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Schulich School of MedicineWestern UniversityLondon N6A 5W9ONCanada Department of London Health sciences Victoria HospitalLondon N6A 5W9ONCanada schulich school of Medicine and Dentistry Western UniversityLondon N6A5W9ONCanada

Thoracic epidural anesthesia(TEA)has been the gold standard of perioperative analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic ***,misplaced or displaced catheters,along with other factors such as technical challenges,equipment failure,and anatomic variation,lead to a high incidence of unsatisfactory *** article aims to assess the different sources of TEA failure and strategies to validate the location of thoracic epidural catheters.A literature search of PubMed,Medline,science Direct,and Google scholar was *** search results were limited to randomized controlled *** suggests techniques such as electrophysiological stimulation,epidural waveform monitoring,and x-ray epidurography for identifying thoracic epidural placement,but there is no one particular superior confirmation method;clinicians are advised to select techniques that are practical and suitable for their patients and practice environment to maximize success.

关键词： Thoracic epidural Failure rate Placement Electrophysiological stimulation Epidural waveform monitoring X-ray epidurography

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Pressure-responsive pH-triggered layer-by-layer coating of paclitaxel-eluting balloon catheters for instant high-dose drug delivery for percutaneous coronary artery intervention

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9141-9151页

作者： Jeong Yu Lee shonit nair sharma sung-Yu Hong Young-Guk Ko Yangsoo Jang Minjae Do Michael Christopher stark Qiwen Peng Benjamin Allen Mossburg Bo Chan seo Yuhan Lee Department of Materials science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology Perioperativeand Pain MedicineCenter for Accelerated Medical Innovation&Center for NanomedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineSeverance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide,with percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)using drug-eluting stents(DEs)as the standard treatment for coronary artery *** advancements in DEs technology,challenges such as restenosis and stent thrombosis still necessitate further interventions and carry considerable risks,highlighting an urgent need for a novel therapeutic approach with lower restenosis rates and reduced reintervention *** balloons(DEBs)coated with anti-proliferative agents offer a novel method of local drug delivery for reducing restenosis by directly administering drugs to the lesion ***,efficient delivery of drugs within the brief procedural window while minimizing drug loss during maneuvering to the target site remains a ***,we developed a pressure-responsive and pH-triggered,paclitaxel(PTX)coated DEB catheter for rapid and high-dose delivery of paclitaxel to the lesion sites,overcoming the limitations of drug dispersion and inefficiencies associated with conventional *** the charge reversion of albumin around its isoelectric point,paclitaxel-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles(PTX-HsA-NPs)and heparin were coated using a layer-by-layer deposition method at pH *** exposure to physiological pH(i.e.,7.4),the coating is rapidly released from the balloon *** with a protective shellac coating,the DEB achieved controlled release of high-dose paclitaxel to the arterial tissue in vivo(up to 400μg per gram tissue),exceeding current DEBs in the *** results suggest the pH-responsive,multi-layer coated DEB’s potential for superior procedural outcomes,addressing a critical unmet need in PCI.

关键词： drug-eluting balloon layer-by-layer coating coronary artery disease paclitaxel

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3D printed fiber sockets for plug and play micro-optics

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2021年第1期3卷 122-129页

作者： parvathi s nair Jonathan Trisno Hongtao Wang Joel K W Yang singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road487372Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) A^(∗)STAR138634Singapore

Integrating micro-optical components at the end facet of an optical fiber enables compact optics to shape the output beam(***,focusing,and coupling to free space elements or photonic integrated circuits).However,the scalability of this approach is a longstanding challenge as these components must be aligned onto individual fiber *** this paper,we propose a socket that enables easy slotting of fibers,self-alignment,and coupling onto micro-optical *** integrated socket can be detached from the substrate upon fiber insertion to create a stand-alone optical *** is done using nanoscale 3D printing via two-photon polymerization lithography onto glass substrates,which allows multiple sockets to be patterned in a single *** investigated variations in socket design and evaluated the performance of optical elements for telecom *** obtained an alignment accuracy of∼3.5μ*** socket designs can be customized for high efficiency chip to fiber coupling and extended to other spectral ranges for free-form optics.

关键词： integrated socket alignment fiber slotting fiber connector two-photon polymerization lithography

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