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Investigation on the key aspects of l-arginine para nitrobenzoate monohydrate single crystal:A non-linear optical material

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第3期27卷 701-708页

作者： Sonia N.Vijayan Mahak Vij Kanika Thukral naghma khan D.Haranath Rajnikant M.S.Jayalakshmy Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research CSIR-National Physical Laboratory CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Department of Physics University of Jammu International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University

In the contemporary days, non-linear optical materials(NLO) are getting higher attention as per the increasing demand in optical communication and data storage technology. Consequently, they explore various physical properties of the NLO material for their industrial applications. In current report, l-arginine p-nitrobenzoate monohydrate(LANB) single crystals were obtained by adopting slow cooling technique. The structural confirmation of grown single crystal was carried out using single crystal X-Ray diffractometer. Presence of strain within single crystal was deduced using Hall–Williamson relation. Various defects associated within single crystal were assessed using high resolution XRD. Additionally, its crystalline quality was again confirmed by time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy(TRPL). Using transmission spectra, the cut off wavelength and band gap of the host material was determined to be nearly 420 nm and 2.9 e V respectively. The dielectric property has been recorded by varying the frequency ranging from 50 Hz to 100 k Hz. The curve suggests that dielectric loss value is less at high frequency ensures the suitability of crystal in photonics and NLO based *** laser damage threshold values were also measured for single and multiple shots. Thermal parameters of the titled compound were calculated using PPE. In photoconductivity measurement, negative photoconductivity has been observed in titled compound. Microhardness studies were also performed on single crystal to explore its mechanical properties.

关键词： Photoluminescence Thermal conductivity Specific heat Thermal effusivity Damage threshold

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Burden of Care as Perceived by Informal Caregivers of the Patients Receiving Chemotherapy in Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期8卷 95-109页

作者： Asher Ghori Rubina Barolia naghma Rizvi Ghulam Qadir Male School of Nursing Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad Karachi Pakistan School of Nursing and Midwifery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Sindh Government Hospital Karachi Pakistan

Background: Almost 32.5 million people are diagnosed with cancer annually. The huge number of cancer patients with deteriorating health renders a far greater number of informal caregivers bearing the burden of care in different forms and magnitude. The main purpose of the study was to explore the types of burden perceived by the informal caregivers and the factors associated with the caregiving burden. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to answer the research questions from April to May 2016. Around 200 informal caregivers were recruited from one of the tertiary hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. The modified ZBIS was used to collect data which was analyzed by using Chi-square test to find the associations between the demographic characteristics of informal caregivers and the perceived burden of care. Results: Findings of the study identified the employment status (P ≤ 0.020) and the religion of the informal caregivers (P ≤ 0.027) as significant, demographic variables. The functional level of care receivers was also found to be significant (P ≤ 0.002). The study also recognized four forms of burdens, with significant mean values, including financial (2.85), psychological (2.50), social (2.58), and physical (2.44). Most of the participants reported experiencing a moderate magnitude of burden, ranging from 40 - 60, on the scale of 0 - 80. Conclusion: The study highlighted four different forms of burdens, that is, financial, psychological, social, and physical, along with their associated demographic factors. Health care agencies and public health personnel should work with informal caregivers to reduce burden of care.

关键词： Burden of Care Informal Caregiver Chemotherapy

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Use of Oral Agents and/or Insulin in the Treatment of Diabetes during Pregnancy: An Examination of Outcomes in Pregestational versus Gestational Diabetics

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第16期4卷 1052-1057页

作者： Edwin Henslee Amanda Hatton Selman I. Welt Jennifer Holmes Lindsay Penrose Samuel Prien naghma Farooqi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock USA

The management of diabetes in pregnancy varies depending on whether the condition was first diagnosed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) or was diagnosed before pregnancy (pregestational diabetes). Little has been published comparing the relative efficacy of various oral agents for the treatment of gestational diabetes and the reported experience with the insulin pump in pregnancy for pregestational diabetes remains meager. We conducted a retrospective chart review of women managed in a specialized diabetic clinic to compare the results of treatment of gestational diabetes with oral agents, glyburide and acarbose, to those treated with split-mixed insulin and treatment of pregestational diabetes with either the insulin pump or conventional splitmixed insulin. Gestational diabetics treated with split-mixed insulin were hospitalized significantly more often (p < 0.001) than those treated with oral agents only. The incidence of several important pregnancy complications (growth restriction, preterm labor, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios) did not differ between groups. Pregestational diabetics managed with an insulin pump had comparable glycemic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1c, to those managed with split-mixed insulin. Infant birth weights and Apgar scores were similar in each group. There were no perinatal deaths in either group. Acarbose and glyburide showed comparable efficacy in treating gestational diabetics. In addition, our experience adds to the small number of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes who were managed with an insulin pump that have been reported in the literature.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Treatment Methods Pump Oral Agents

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Assessment of Risk of Carrier Waves in the Assisted Reproductive Laboratory

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第10期5卷 535-541页

作者： Samuel D. Prien Jessica Smith Christy Barron Joseph Martin naghma Farooqi Alita Loveless Amy Van Gheem Lindsay L. Penrose Department of Animal and Food Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock USA

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories represent the marriage of the most basic of biological activities with the most cutting edge technologies. While this association has worked well, the mixture of biology and technology can create risks to normal embryo development. Recently a significant amount of literature has explored the risks of manmade, electrically induced magnetic fields and carrier waves on reproduction, which some studies have suggested will lower functional gamete numbers in the males and potentially induce genetic issues in embryos. However, little is known about these phenomena within the ART laboratory, a laboratory filled with electronic equipment. The object of the present study was to explore the potential exposure of gametes and early stage embryos to two of the most prevalent fields and waves utilized in manmade technologies seen in the general environment, electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radio frequency waves (RF), and determine the effect varying levels of these energetic forces had on gamete function and embryo development. Results indicated that while extremely high concentrations of EMF (approximately 50-100X of laboratory background) caused negative outcomes in both gametes and embryos, levels consistent will the majority of lab equipment did not appear to impact growth, or function. Further, even extremely high RF appeared to have no impact cellular function. Results suggest few issues with EMF or RF on gamete and embryo function at normal laboratory levels for the relatively short exposure times seen in the ART laboratory.

关键词： Assisted Reproductive Technologies Electromagnetic Fields Radio Frequency Waves Embryos Sperm

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