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Temperature-dependent aggregation of bio-surfactants in aqueous solutions of galactose and lactose:Volumetric and viscometric approach

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 1119-1131页

作者： s.chauhan Vivek sharma Maninder Kaur Poonam Chaudhary Department of chemistry Himachal Pradesh University

Modulation in the aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants （bile salts）, sodium cholate （NaC） and sodium deoxycholate （NaDC） in aqueous solutions of carbohydrates （galactose and lactose） have been investigated by measuring the density （ρ）, speed of sound （u） and viscosity （η） of the mixtures at different temperatures 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The density and speed of sound data have been used to calculate various volumetric and compressibility parameters such as apparent molar volume （Vφ）, isentropic compressibil- ity （κs）, apparent molar adiabatic compression （κs,φ） to get a better insight into the micellization mechanism of bile salts. Further, the viscosity data have been studied in the light of relative viscosity （ηr） and viscous relaxation time （τ）. some derived parameters such as free volume （νf）, internal pressure （πi） and molar cohesive energy （MCE） of NaC and NaDC in aqueous solution of saccharides have also been calculated from viscosity data in con- junction with density and speed of sound values. All the calculated and derived parameters provide qualitative information regarding the nature of interactions i.e. solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent in the solution.

关键词： Density speed of sound Apparent molar volumelsentropic compressibility Viscosity Relative viscosity

A systematic Literature Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Menopause: Altering the Age, severity of symptoms and Long-Term Effects

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 1018-1026页

作者： Vaidehi chauhan sameena Rahman University College London London UK Feinberg school of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA

Objective: This systematic review investigates the impact of climate change on menopause, focusing on the correlation between geographical location—considering altitude, temperature, humidity, and annual temperature range—and women’s menopausal experiences. This study aims to interpret how these environmental factors influence the age of onset, severity of symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats, and other long-term effects of menopause. Understanding these relationships addresses a significant gap in current knowledge and could guide future public health strategies. Methods: Through a comprehensive analysis of three cross-continental studies involving 1500 postmenopausal women from spain, south American countries (Ecuador, Panama, Chile), various climates in Türkiye (Black sea, Mediterranean, Continental), and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), this review evaluates diverse environmental impacts. studies were selected based on their methodological rigor, geographical diversity, and focus on the unique and personal experiences of menopause. Data was collected via questionnaires and routine medical checkups, analyzing demographic, lifestyle, mood, symptom severity, and onset age variables. Results: Preliminary analysis indicates that 52.5% of participants from spanish-speaking countries and the UAE reported vasomotor symptoms, with those in higher temperatures and lower altitudes experiencing exacerbated symptoms. Notably, Mediterranean climates were associated with an earlier menopause onset. seasonal changes had minimal impact across all regions, suggesting lifestyle and other environmental factors play a more significant role. Conclusions: The findings highlight a clear link between climate-related geographical factors and the menopausal experience. Women in warmer, lower-altitude regions suffer more severe symptoms, while those in Mediterranean climates face earlier onset. The absence of significant seasonal variations across the studies underscores the predom

关键词： Menopause Climate Change Women’s Health Perimenopause

Impact of depression on in-hospital outcomes for adults with type 2 myocardial infarction:A United states population-based analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第7期16卷 412-421页

作者： sivaram Neppala Himaja Dutt Chigurupati shaylika chauhan Mrunal Teja Chinthapalli Rupak Desai Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78249United States Department of Internal Medicine New York Medical College at Saint Michael’s Medical CenterNewarkNJ 07102United States Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Health SystemWikes-BarrePA 18702United States Department of Internal Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Independent Researcher AtlantaGA 30079United States

BACKGROUND Type 2 myocardial infarction(T2MI)is an ischemic myocardial injury in the context of oxygen supply/demand mismatch in the absence of a primary coronary ***,though there is a rising prevalence of depression and its potential association with type 1 myocardial infarction(T1MI),data remains nonexistent to evaluate the asso-ciation with *** To identify the prevalence and risk of T2MI in adults with depression and its impact on the in-hospital *** We queried the National Inpatient sample(2019)to identify T2MI hospitalizations using Internal Classification of Diseases-10 codes in hospitalized adults(≥18 years).In addition,we compared sociodemographic and comorbidities in the T2MI cohort with vs without comorbid ***,we used multivariate regression analysis to study the odds of T2MI hospitalizations with vs without depression and in-hospital outcomes(all-cause mortality,cardiogenic shock,cardiac arrest,and stroke),adjusting for *** significance was REsULTs There were 331145 adult T2MI hospitalizations after excluding T1MI(median age:73 years,52.8%male,69.9%white);41405(12.5%)had depression,the remainder;289740 did not have *** analysis revealed lower odds of T2MI in patients with depression vs without[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.88,95%confidence interval(CI):0.86-0.90,P=0.001].There was the equal prevalence of prior MI with any revascularization and a similar prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in the cohorts with depression vs without *** is a greater prevalence of stroke in patients with depression(10.1%)vs those without(8.6%).There was a slightly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia in patients with depression vs without depression(56.5%vs 48.9%),as well as obesity(21.3%vs 17.9%).There was generally equal prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both *** was no significant difference in elective and non-elective admissions frequency b

关键词： Type 2 myocardial infarction Depression Major adverse cardiovascular events Mortality stroke Cardiac arrest Outcomes

Weed Management in Rainfed Upland Rice Fields under Varied Agro-Ecologies in Nigeria

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 328-339页

作者： Oyebanji O.ALAGBO Oluyemisi A.AKINYEMIJU Bhagirath s.chauhan Department of Crop Production and Protection Faculty of AgricultureObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementOndo State University of Science and TechnologyOkitipupa 353Ondo-StateNigeria Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation/school of Agriculture and Food sciences The University of QueenslandGatton 4343QueenslandAustralia

The demand for rice to meet the dietary need in low-income countries is expected to witness an exponential rise as the population *** the rice demand domestically has remained challenging due to significant yield loss caused by several biotic and abiotic *** these factors,one of the most important is the high weed pressure that ravages the upland rice *** Nigeria,several independent weed control techniques,such as physical,chemical and cultural methods,have been recommended and adopted for weed control across varying rice upland ***,outcomes of these approaches when used independently have not consistently led to an increase in *** remains an outstanding deficit between the actual yield and the potential rice *** review aimed to identify potential research gaps,and quest effective and sustainable weed management strategies in smallholder upland rice farming systems in Nigeria.A critical analysis of studies suggests the potential of sustainable weed management practices if adopted and adapted smartly in different upland ecologies in *** of upland rice against weeds can be enhanced through strategic integration of weed competitive cultivars,optimum nitrogen application timings(within weed-free periods),uniform plant spacing,and high seeding rates,with conventional herbicide/manual weed control ***,such management practices can only be engaged where inputs are supplied on time and the technical know-how is extended to *** review equally highlights potential research gaps for further studies.

关键词： herbicide integrated weed management weed flora tillage practice rainfed upland rice

Enhanced thermoelectric performance in p-type ZrCosb based half-Heusler alloys employing nanostructuring and compositional modulation

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Journal of Materiomics 2019年第1期5卷 94-102页

作者： nagendr. s.chauhan sivaiah Bathula Avinash Vishwakarma Ruchi Bhardwaj Kishor Kumar Johari Bhasker Gahtori Ajay Dhar Academy of scientific&Innovative Research(AcsIR) CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryNew Delhi 110012India Division of Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryDr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India

ZrCosb based half-Heusler(HH)alloys have been widely studied as a p-type thermoelectric(TE)material for power generation applications in the mid-temperature ***,their intrinsically high thermal conductivity has been found to be detrimental for the improvement in their thermoelectric figure-of-merit(ZT),which presently is far below *** the current work,a state-of-the-art ZT~1.1 at 873 K was realized in an optimized composition of nanostructured Zr1-xHfxCosb_(0.9)sn_(0.1) HH alloys by employing compositional modulation ***-by-grain compositional variations,which leads to a substantial increase in its power factor coupled with a concurrent decrease in its thermal *** reduction in the phonon mean-free-path is observed on Hf substitution,which is comparable to the average crystallite size(~25 nm),thus leading to a very low thermal conductivity of~2.2Wm^(-1)K^(-1) at 873 K,which is amongst the lowest reported in HH *** TE device characteristics,estimated using cumulative temperature dependence model for quantitative evaluation of TE performance,yielded an output power density of~10 Wcm2 with a leg efficiency of~10%in the optimized composition of nanostructured Zr_(1-x)Hf_(x)Cosb_(0.9)sn_(0.1) HH alloys,which is comparable to the reported efficiencies of other state-of-the-art TE materials.

关键词： Half Heuslers Iso-electronic Waste heat recovery Mid-temperature Efficiency Compositional modulation

Prediabetes: An overlooked risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 24-33页

作者： Rupak Desai Nishanth Katukuri sumaja Reddy Goguri Azra Kothawala Naga Ruthvika Alle Meena Kumari Bellamkonda Debankur Dey sharmila Ganesan Minakshi Biswas Kuheli sarkar Pramoda Prattipati shaylika chauhan Independent Researcher Independent ResearcherAtlantaGA 30079United States Department of Internal Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Department of Medicine Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical SciencesTelangana 505001India Department of Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeBelgaum 590010India Department of Medicine Narayana Medical CollegeAndhra PradeshNellore 524003India Department of Medicine Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research FoundationVijaywada 521286India Department of Medicine Medical College KolkataKolkata 700073India Department of Medicine P.E.S.Institute of Medical Sciences and ResearchAndhra Pradesh 517425India Department of Medicine Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical CollegeBogra 5800Bangladesh Department of Medicine College of Medicine and J.N.M HospitalKalyani 741235India Department of Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College IndiaKarnatakaBelagavi 590010India Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Health SystemWikes-BarrePA 18702United States

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a well-established risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE).However,the relationship between prediabetes and MACCE in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients has not been extensively ***,this study aimed to establish a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF *** To investigate a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF *** We used the National Inpatient sample(2019)and relevant ICD-10 CM codes to identify hospitalizations with AF and categorized them into groups with and without prediabetes,excluding *** primary outcome was MACCE(all-cause inpatient mortality,cardiac arrest including ventricular fibrillation,and stroke)in AF-related *** Of the 2965875 AF-related hospitalizations for MACCE,47505(1.6%)were among patients with *** prediabetes cohort was relatively younger(median 75 vs 78 years),and often consisted of males(56.3%vs 51.4%),blacks(9.8%vs 7.9%),Hispanics(7.3%vs 4.3%),and Asians(4.7%vs 1.6%)than the non-prediabetic cohort(Ps group had significantly higher rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,smoking,obesity,drug abuse,prior myocardial infarction,peripheral vascular disease,and hyperthyroidism(all Ps cohort was often discharged routinely(51.1%vs 41.1%),but more frequently required home health care(23.6%vs 21.0%)and had higher *** adjusting for baseline characteristics or comorbidities,the prediabetes cohort with AF admissions showed a higher rate and significantly higher odds of MACCE compared to the non-prediabetic cohort[18.6%vs 14.7%,odds ratio(OR)1.34,95%confidence interval 1.26-1.42,Psubgroup analyses,males had a stronger association(aOR 1.43)compared to females(aOR 1.22),whereas on the race-wise comparison,Hispanics(aOR 1.43)and Asians(aOR 1.36)had a stronger association with MACCE with prediabetes vs whites(aOR 1.33)and blacks(aOR 1.21).CONCLUsION This population-

关键词： Prediabetes Atrial fibrillation Cardiovascular disease risk Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events stroke Mortality

Rice Husk Biochar Influences seedling Emergence of Junglerice(Echinochloa colona)and Herbicide Efficacy

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1345-1350页

作者： Bhagirath s.chauhan Crop and Environmental sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

The use of carbonized rice husk biochar improves the fertility and productivity of poor soils in rice-based cropping systems. However, biochar may also influence weed seedling emergence and the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides. Experiments were conducted in a screenhouse to evaluate the effect of biochar rates (0, 20, 40, and 80 t·ha?1) and seed burial depth (0, 1, and 2 cm) on seedling emergence of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) and the effect of biochar rates and pendimethalin (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 g·a.i.·ha?1) and pretilachlor doses (0, 300, 600, and 900 g·a.i.·ha?1) on seedling emergence and seedling biomass of junglerice. Data were analyzed using nonlinear regression. The burial depth to inhibit 50% of maximum seedling emergence was 0.76 cm when biochar was not added to soil and the depth increased with an increase in biochar rates for soil. similarly, compared with the soil with no biochar, the use of bichoar increased the pretilachlor dose to inhibit 50% of maximum emergence or biomass. The pretilachlor dose to inhibit 50% of maximum biomass of junglerice was 100, 130, 240, and 240 g·ha?1 when biochar was added at 0, 20, 40, and 80 t·ha?1. However, the efficacy of pendimethalin was not influenced by biochar rate. The results of this study suggest that rice husk biochar may increase weed seedling emergence from deeper burial depths and may decrease the efficacy of some soil-applied herbicides.

关键词： Biochar Emergence Efficacy Biomass Rice Asia

Effect of Water stress on the Growth and Development of Amaranthus spinosus,Leptochloa chinensis,and Rice

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2013年第5期4卷 989-998页

作者： Bhagirath s.chauhan seth B.Abugho Crop and Environmental sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

Drought is the most important abiotic constraint in rainfed rice systems. In these systems, Amaranthus spinosus and Leptochloa chinensis are the dominant weed species, which may reduce the available water to rice by competition and cause water stress in the crop. Two studies were conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the growth response of A. spinosus and rice and L. chinensis and rice to water stress. The water stress treatments were 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of field capacity and the plants were grown until weed maturity (i.e., 63 days from seeding). Rice plants did not survive at 12.5% and 25% of field capacity, but both weed species survived in all the treatments. Both weed species produced a significant number of tillers/branches and leaves even at the lowest soil water content. The maximum amount of total shoot biomass produced by weed plants was 2.5 to 3 times more than that of rice plants. The soil water content to achieve 50% of the maximum aboveground biomass was 47%-50% of field capacity for rice, whereas it was 39% and 31% of field capacity for A. spinosus and L. chinensis, respectively. A. spinosus plants responded to increasing water stress with increased leaf weight ratio, whereas the leaf weight ratio of L. chinensis decreased with increases in water stress. The ability of A. spinosus and L. chinensis to produce shoot biomass under water-stressed conditions suggests that weed management strategies are needed that can minimize weed survival in water-limited environments. These strategies may include the use of weed-competitive and drought-tolerant cultivars, high seeding rates, and optimum timing of fertilizers.

关键词： Biomass soil Moisture Weed Rainfed Drought

Management of Volunteer Corn seedlings in Dry-seeded Rice

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2013年第12期4卷 2381-2385页

作者： Bhagirath s.chauhan Jhoana L.Opena Weed science Crop and Environmental Sciences DivisionInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

The demand for corn is increasing in Asia for feed and biofuel. It is grown in the rice-corn cropping system. During harvest of corn, however, seeds drop on the soil surface and become problems as volunteer corn seedlings in the subsequent dry-seeded rice crop, in which the suppressive effect of standing water is absent. A study was conducted in screenhouse and field conditions to evaluate the effect of rice herbicides on the management of volunteer corn seedlings. In the screenhouse experiment, bispyribac-sodium at 0.030 and 0.045 kg·ai·ha-1 provided complete control of corn seedlings. Fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron and penoxsulam + cyhalofop did not provide effective control of corn seedlings. In the field, the sole application of bispyribac and sequential application of oxadiazon and bispyribac suppressed corn biomass by 60%-82% and 89%-91%, respectively, as compared with the nontreated control. The results of this study demonstrate that, in the absence of other management strategies, volunteer corn seedlings in dry-seeded rice systems can be managed by using bispyribac-sodium.

关键词： Management of Volunteer Corn seedlings in Dry-seeded Rice