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Photosynthesis, Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Cultivars Differing in Cadmium Tolerance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第4期9卷 519-527页

作者： Noushina Iqbal Asim Masood Rahat Nazar Shabina Syeed nafees A Khan Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University

Two mustard （Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.） cultivars, Pusa Jai Kisan and SS2 differing in cadmium （Cd） tolerance were treated with 0, 25 and 50 umol L-1 Cd to study the physiological basis of difference in Cd tolerance. Cultivar SS2 （Cd sensitive） accumulated greater Cd in leaves than Pusa Jai Kisan （Cd tolerant）. Further, SS2 also exhibited higher contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, dehydroascorbate reduetase （DHAR）, and glutathione reductase （GR） were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than those in SS2. Contrarily, the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） was higher in SS2 than that in Pusa Jai Kisan and was the greatest at 25 umol L-1 Cd. Treatment of 25 umol L-1 Cd induced the maximum activity of enzymes. However, the activity of GR increased up to 50 umol L-1 Cd in both the cultivars. The non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate （AsA） and glutathione （GSH） were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than that in SS2, whereas dehydroascorbate （DHA） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） were higher in SS2. Photosynthesis and growth were adversely and maximally decreased by 50 umol L-1 Cd treatment in both the cultivars, but SS2 exhibited greater reductions. The protection of photosynthesis and growth and lesser reduction in Pusa Jai Kisan were associated with its capacity to restrict accumulation of Cd in leaves resulting in lower level of TBARS and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Pusa Jai Kisan exhibited efficient antioxidant metabolism for removal of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species.

关键词： antioxidant metabolism cadmium oxidative stress photosynthesis

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Interplay between nitric oxide and sulfur assimilation in salt tolerance in plants

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The Crop Journal 2016年第3期4卷 153-161页

作者： Mehar Fatma Asim Masood Tasir S.Per Faisal Rasheed nafees A.Khan Plant Physiology Section Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim University

Nitric oxide(NO),a versatile molecule,plays multiple roles in plant growth and development and is a key signaling molecule in plant response to abiotic *** management strategy is critical for abiotic stress alleviation in ***(S) is important under stress conditions,as its assimilatory products neutralize the imbalances in cells created by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).NO abates the harmful effects of ROS by enhancing antioxidant enzymes,stimulating S assimilation,and reacting with other target molecules,and regulates the expression of various stress-responsive genes under salt *** review focuses on the role of NO and S in responses of plants to salt stress,and describes the crosstalk between NO and S assimilation in salt *** regulation of NO and/or S assimilation using molecular biology tools may help crops to withstand salinity stress.

关键词： Abiotic stress Antioxidant system Glutathione Plant hormones Sulfur Signaling

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Historical variations in autochthonous and allochthonous sediment supplies to the largest freshwater lake in Central India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 563-575页

作者： nafees Ahmad Satinder Pal Singh Aasif Mohmad Lone Abul Qasim Ravi Bhushan Gyana Ranjan Tripathy Chinmay Shah Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Geosciences Division Physical Research Laboratory Department of Earth and Climate Science Indian Institute of Science Education and Research

Lacustrine sediment preserves high-resolution biogeochemical records of past variations in watershed processes controlling lake sedimentation. The current study explores historical variations in autochthonous and allochthonous sediment supplies to a large tropical freshwater lake system(Upper Lake, Bhopal) protected under the international Ramsar Convention of 2002 against anthropogenic pressures. For this purpose, multi-proxy biogeochemical data are presented for organic matter(total organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorous, and loss on ignition [LOI] at550°C), carbonate(LOI at 950°C), lithic sediment(aluminum, titanium, iron, calcium, magnesium,sodium, potassium, manganese, zirconium, niobium, hafnium, tantalum, thorium, uranium, and rare earth elements), and anthropogenic inputs(lead) measured in a 38 cm long sediment core retrieved from the lake. In addition to the lacustrine sediment core, the samples of catchment bedrock, surface soils, major stream sediment, and eolian dust collected from the lake periphery also are analyzed. The systematic biogeochemical excursions in the upper core section(top ～8 cm) indicate increased anthropogenic inputs, watershed denudation by agricultural activities, artificially reduced fluvial sediment supply, relatively increased dust inputs and lake eutrophication in the last few decades. The current study underscores the roles of anthropogenic land-use and wetland conservation practices in the rapid alteration of autochthonous and allochthonous sediment supplies to open aquatic ecosystems. Further, rising lake eutrophication levels despite a managed reduction in allochthonous sediment supplies seem challenging to control due to dissolved nutrient supply from urban sewage discharge and runoff from agricultural land in the watershed.

关键词： Upper Lake Sediment Geochemistry Sediment provenance Eutrophication Anthropogenic inputs

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Fungi as chemical industries and genetic engineering for the production of biologically active secondary metabolites

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第11期4卷 859-870页

作者： Abid Ali Khan nafees Bacha Bashir Ahmad Ghosia Lutfullah Umar Farooq Russell John Cox Department of Chemistry.COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar Department of Chemistry.COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close

Fungi is somewhere in between the micro and macro organisms which is a good source of producing biologically active secondary *** have been used as tool for producing different types of secondary metabolites by providing different nutrients at different laboratory *** fungi have been engineered for the desired secondary metabolites by using different laboratory techniques,for example,homologous and heterologous *** review reported how the fungi are used as chemical industry for the production of secondary metabolites and how they are engineered in laboratory for the production of desirable metabolites:also the biosynthetic pathways of the bio-organic-molecules were reported.

关键词： Fungi Natural products Microbiology Molecular genetics Chemical biology

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Review of the prevalence,diagnostics,and containment measures of the current mpox outbreak

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第6期11卷 1252-1260页

作者： Adekunle Sanyaolu Aleksandra Marinkovic Chuku Okorie Stephanie Prakash nafees Haider Yashika Dixon Ricardo Izurieta Olanrewaju Badaru Stella Smith Public Health Federal Ministry of HealthAbuja 083Federal Capital TerritoryNigeria Basic Science Saint James School of MedicineThe Quarter 2640Anguilla Allied Sciences Union County CollegePlainfieldNJ 07060United States Basic Science All Saints University School of MedicineRoseau 0000Dominica Basic Science Windsor University School of MedicineCayon 0000Saint Kitts and Nevis Global Communicable Diseases College of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL 33620United States Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchLagos 101245Nigeria

Monkeypox(mpox),is a disease from the Poxviridae family that can cause several serious medical *** mini-review sought to analyze the existing literature regarding the current mpox outbreak with a focus on the prevalence,diagnostics,and containment *** cases have been reported to World Health Organization(WHO)from 85 Member States in all six WHO regions during the period of January 1,2022,through August 3,*** or optimized guidelines for the clinical care of patients with mpox are limited,particularly in low-resource *** an effort to achieve guidance and meet standards,special attention should be paid to this outbreak in order to eradicate such a rare infectious disease by analyzing prevention and control *** outcomes may also be poor,and their illnesses may last for a long *** spectrum of clinical symptoms,including complications and sequelae,as well as aspects of the illness may be indicators of sickness severity and complications;therefore,its clinical presentation must be better understood to improve containment *** addition,it is important to create and evaluate a standard of care that takes a variety of parameters into account,including antiviral,immune therapies,and clinical metrics that are particular to *** global emergence of mpox has presented new challenges for public health and has called for further investigation into its epidemiological profile across international contexts.

关键词： Monkeypox virus Outbreak Prevalence Containment Epidemiology Orthopoxvirus

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): A concern with immune escape

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第3期11卷 137-143页

作者： Adekunle Sanyaolu Aleksandra Marinkovic Stephanie Prakash nafees Haider Martina Williams Chuku Okorie Olanrewaju Badaru Stella Smith Department of Public Health Federal Ministry of HealthAbuja 0000Nigeria Department of Basic Sciences Saint James School of MedicineThe Valley 0000Anguilla Department of Basic Sciences All Saints University School of MedicineRoseau 0000Dominica Department of Allied Sciences Union County CollegePlainfieldNJ 07060United States Department of Public Health Nigeria Centre for Disease ControlAbuja 0000Nigeria Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchLagos 100001Nigeria

Omicron,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant that is now spreading across the world,is the most altered version to emerge so far,with mutations comparable to changes reported in earlier variants of concern linked with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to vaccineinduced *** article provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron(B.1.1.529)by reviewing the literature from major scientific *** clear immunological and clinical data are not yet available,we extrapolated from what is known about mutations present in the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and offer preliminary indications on transmissibility,severity,and immune escape through existing research and databases.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Omicron B.1.1.529 Variant of concern Emerging variants

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植物中植物激素与非生物胁迫的耐受

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国外科技新书评介 2013年第3期 9-10页

作者： nafees A.Khan 孙海汐不详中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所

植物在生长发育过程中会面临环境变化带来的多重影响。植物体对抗环境胁迫的策略之一是通过植物激素传递的信号来调节自身的生长来适应不断变化的外界环境。本书总结了近期有关环境胁迫和植物激素相互关系的研究，提供了最新的相关证据... 详细信息

植物在生长发育过程中会面临环境变化带来的多重影响。植物体对抗环境胁迫的策略之一是通过植物激素传递的信号来调节自身的生长来适应不断变化的外界环境。本书总结了近期有关环境胁迫和植物激素相互关系的研究，提供了最新的相关证据，并进一步讨论了如何确认空值植物激素的水平从而影响植物的生长发育。

关键词：植物激素非生物胁迫生长发育过程耐受环境胁迫环境变化外界环境植物体

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Cadmium Toxicity in Plants and Role of Mineral Nutrients in Its Alleviation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1476-1489页

作者： Rahat Nazar Noushina Iqbal Asim Masood M. Iqbal R. Khan Shabina Syeed nafees A. Khan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that enters the environment through various anthropogenic sources, and inhibits plant growth and development. Cadmium toxicity may result from disturbance in plant metabolism as a consequence of disturbance in the uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients. Plant nutrients and Cd compete for the same transporters and, therefore, presence of Cd results in mineral nutrients deficiency. The optimization of mineral nutrients under Cd stress could reduce Cd toxicity by greater availability at the transport site resulting in reduced accumulation of Cd, and could also alleviate Cd-induced toxic effects by enhancing biochemical reactions and physiological processes in plants. In the present review the role of plant macro, micro and beneficial elements in alleviating Cd stress in crop plants is discussed.

关键词： Antioxidant Enzymes Cadmium Toxicity Mineral Nutrition Oxidative Stress

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Gene-gene,gene-environment,gene-nutrient interactions and single nucleotide polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第4期6卷 642-647页

作者： Amina Nadeem Sadaf Mumtaz Abdul Khaliq Naveed muhammad Aslam Arif Siddiqui Ghulam Mustafa Lodhi Tausif Ahmad Department of Physiology Army Medical CollegeNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad College of Medicine DammamUniversity of Dammam Department of Biochemistry Islamic International Medical CollegeRifah University Department of Physiology University of Health SciencesLahore Department of Physiology Islamic International Medical CollegeRifah University Department of Physiology AL-Nafees Medical CollegeIsra University Dean-Faculty of Pharmacy Margalla College of PharmacyMargalla Institute of Health Sciences

Inflammation plays a significant role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines is the essential step in glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity induced mitochondrial injury,oxidative stress and beta cell apoptosis in T2 *** the recognized markers are interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1,IL-10,IL-18,tissue necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein,resistin,adiponectin,tissue plasminogen activator,fibrinogen and *** mellitus has firm genetic and very strong environmental influence; exhibiting a polygenic mode of *** single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in various genes including those of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines have been reported as a risk for T2 *** all the SNPs have been confirmed by unifying results in different studies and wide variations have been reported in various ethnic *** inter-ethnic variations can be explained by the fact that gene expression may be regulated by gene-gene,gene-environment and gene-nutrient *** review highlights the impact of these interactions on determining the role of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6,TNF-α,resistin and adiponectin in pathogenesis of T2 DM.

关键词： Cytokines Gene-environment interaction Diabetes mellitus Single nucleotide polymorphism Gene-gene interaction

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