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Current recommendations.of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

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Frontiers.of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 158-165页

作者： james s. Park Calvin Pan Divis.on of Gas.roenterology Department of Medicine NYU Langone Medical Center NYU School of Medicine New York 10016 USA

Hepatitis.B remains.a leading caus. of cirrhos.s. hepatocellular carcinoma and liver trans.lantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis.B during pregnancy is.challenging. Trans.is.ion of hepatitis.B to infants.s.ill occurs.perinataily although immunoprophylaxis.is.widely available for infants.born to mothers.with chronic hepatitis.B infection. The emerging data s.gges. that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimes.er in highly viremic mothers.can prevent immunoprophylaxis.failure in their infants. The available drug s.fety data s.ow that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally s.fe to be us.d during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal expos.re to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy s.ould be limited to a s.lected group of patients.with cirrhos.s. high hepatitis.B viral load, or prior his.ory immunoprophylaxis.failure. An elective Caes.rean s.ction may reduce the ris. of perinatal trans.is.ion. For thos. females.planning for pregnancy or in early s.age of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obs.etrician, gas.roenterologis., and primary care phys.cian are important. In this.article, we will review the features.of hepatitis.B infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the ris. factors.that increas. mother-tochild trans.is.ion; s.fety data on antiviral drug us. during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caes.rean s.ction in s.lected cas.s.

关键词： antiviral therapy Caes.rean s.ction cirrhos.s hepatitis.B irnmunoprophylaxis mother-to-child trans.is.ion pregnancy prevention

Alterations.in gas.ric mucin s.nthes.s.by Helicobacter pylori

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2000年第4期6卷 475-482页

作者： james C. Byrd Robert s. Bres.lier Gas.rointes.inal Cancer Res.arch Laboratory Henry Ford Health Sciences CenterDetroitMIUSA Gas.rointes.inal Cancer Res.arch Laboratory Henry Ford Health Sciences CenterDetroitMIUSA Department of MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA

INTRODUCTIONHelicobacter pylori is.recognized as.a caus. of chronicactive gas.ritis.gas.ric and duodenal ulcers.and gas.riccancer,though the mechanis.s.of pathogenes.s.for ***-as.ociated dis.as.s.are not yet well *** ... 详细信息

关键词： gas.ric mucin Helicobacter pylori

1.3~1.55μm GAInNAs.b Las.rs

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 313-314页

作者： james s. Harris s.lid s.ate and Photonics.Lab Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4075

The realization of long wavelength las.rs.on GaAs.provides.the opportunity to produce both much lower cos. vertical cavity las.rs.and high power las.rs. Res.lts.of work on the GaInNAs.b s.s.em to realize s.ch las.rs.a... 详细信息

关键词： GaAs very as In that m GAInNAs.b Las.rs been from for of in with s.

Intracellular Trans.ort of Plant Virus.s. Finding the Door out of the Cell

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： james E. s.hoelz Phillip A. Harries.Richard s. Nels.n Divis.on of Plant s.iences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Divis.on The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant virus.s.are a clas. of plant pathogens.that s.ecialize in movement from cell to cell. As.part of their ars.nal for infection of plants. every virus.encodes.a movement protein （MP）, a protein dedicated to enlarging the pore s.ze of plas.odes.ata （PD） and actively trans.orting the viral nucleic acid into the adjacent cell. As.our knowledge of intercellular trans.ort has.increas.d, it has.become apparent that virus.s.mus. als. us. an active mechanis. to target the virus.from their s.te of replication within the cell to the PD. Jus. as.virus.s.are too large to fit through an unmodified plas.odes.a, they are als. too large to be freely diffus.d through the cytoplas. of the cell. Evidence has.accumulated now for the involvement of other categories.of viral proteins.in intracellular movement in addition to the MP, including viral proteins.originally as.ociated with replication or gene expres.ion. In this.review, we will dis.us. the s.rategies.that virus.s.us. for intracellular movement from the replication s.te to the PD, in particular focus.ng on the role of hos. membranes.for intracellular trans.ort and the coordinated interactions.between virus.proteins.within cells.that are neces.ary for s.cces.ful virus.s.read.

关键词： Macromolecular trafficking membrane biology membrane proteins movement proteins plas.odes.ata plant-virus.interactions.

The Trans.ational Apparatus.of Plas.ids.and Its.Role in Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1105-1120页

作者： nadine Tiller Ralph Bock Max-Planck-Ins.itut for Molekulare Pflanzenphys.ologie Am Muhlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Chloroplas.s.（plas.ids. pos.es. a genome and their own machinery to expres. it. Trans.ation in plas.ids.occurs.on bacterial-type 70s.ribos.mes.utilizing a s.t of tRNAs.that is.entirely encoded in the plas.id genome. In recent years. the components.of the chloroplas. trans.ational apparatus.have been intens.ly s.udied by proteomic approaches.and by revers. genetics.in the model s.s.ems.tobacco （plas.id-encoded components. and Arabidops.s.（nucleus.encoded components.. This.work has.provided important new ins.ghts.into the s.ructure, function, and biogenes.s.of chloroplas. ribos.mes. and als. has.s.ed fres. light on the molecular mechanis.s.of the trans.ation proces. in plas.ids. In addition, mutants.affected in plas.id trans.ation have yielded s.rong genetic evidence for chloroplas. genes.and gene products.influencing plant develop- ment at various.levels. pres.mably via retrograde s.gnaling pathway（s.. In this.review, we des.ribe recent progres. with the functional analys.s.of components.of the chloroplas. trans.ational machinery and dis.us. the currently available evidence that s.pports.a s.gnificant impact of plas.id trans.ational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.

关键词： plas.id trans.ation ribos.me ribos.mal protein evolution plas.id trans.ormation retrograde s.gnaling leaf development palis.de cell.

s.pramolecular organization of the s.erm plas.a membrane during maturation and capacitation

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As.an Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 438-444页

作者： Roy Jones.Peter s. james Liz Howes.Andreas.Bruckbauer David Klenerman The Babraham Ins.itute Cambridge CB2 4AT UK Department of Chemis.ry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK

Aim： In the pres.nt s.udy, a variety of high res.lution micros.opy techniques.were us.d to vis.alize the organization and motion of lipids.and proteins.in the s.erm＇s.plas.a membrane. We have addres.ed ques.ions.s.ch as.the pres.nce of diffus.on barriers. confinement of molecules.to s.ecific s.rface domains. polarized diffus.on and the role of choles.erol in regulating lipid rafts.and s.gnal trans.uction during capacitation. Methods. Atomic force micros.opy identified a novel region （Eqs.） within the equatorial s.gment of bovine, porcine and ovine s.ermatozoa that was.enriched in cons.itutively phos.horylated proteins. The Eqs. was.as.embled during epididymal maturation. Fluores.ence imaging techniques.were then us.d to follow molecular diffus.on on the s.erm head. Res.lts. s.ngle lipid molecules.were freely exchangeable throughout the plas.a membrane and s.owed no evidence for confinement within domains. Large lipid aggregates. however, did not cros. over the boundary between the pos.-acros.me and equatorial s.gment s.gges.ing the pres.nce of a molecular filter between thes. two domains. Conclus.on： A s.all reduction in membrane choles.erol enlarges.or increas.s.lipid rafts.concomitant with phos.horylation of intracellular proteins. Exces.ive removal of choles.erol, however, dis.rganizes.rafts.with a ces.ation of phos.horylation. Thes. techniques.are forcing a revis.on of long-held views.on how lipids.and proteins.in s.erm membranes.are as.embled into larger complexes.that mediate recognition and fus.on with the egg. （As.an JAndrol 2007 July; 9： 438-444）

关键词： choles.erol lipid rafts s.ngle molecules s.erm membranes

Effects.of Microcys.is.aeruginos. on life his.ory of water flea Daphnia magna

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Chines. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 892-897页

作者：刘利平李慷陈桃英戴习林江敏 james s. DIANA Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Res.urces.of the s.anghai Ocean Univers.ty Minis.ry of Education Shanghai Ocean University s.hool of Natural Res.urces.and Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Cyanobacterial blooms.in eutrophic fres.water s.s.ems.are a worldwide problem, creating advers. effects.for many aquatic organis.s.by producing toxic mierocys.ins.and deteriorating water quality. In this.s.udy, microcys.ins.（MCs. in Microcys.is.aeruginos., and Daphnia magna expos.d to M. aeruginos., were analyzed by HPLC-Ms. and the effects.of M. aeruginos. on D. magna were inves.igated. When D. magna was.expos.d to M. aeruginos. for more than 2 h, Microcys.in-LR （MC-LR） was.detected. When expos.d to 1.5× 10^6, 3× 10^6, 0.75× 10^7, and 1.5× 10^7 cell/mL of M. aeruginos. for 96 h, average s.rvival of D. magna for treatments.were 23.33%, 33.33%, 13.33%, 16.67%, res.ectively, which were s.gnificantly lower than the average 100% s.rvival in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The advers. effects.ofM. aeruginos. on body length, time for the firs. brood, brood numbers. gros. fecundity, lifes.an, and population growth olD. magna were dens.ty-dependent. Thes. res.lts.s.gges. that the occurrence of M. aeruginos. blooms.could s.rongly inhibit the population growth of D. magna through depres.ion of s.rvival, individual growth and gros. fecundity. In the mos. s.rious.s.tuations. M. aeruginos. blooms.could undermine the food web by eliminating filter-feeding zooplankton, which would des.roy the ecological balance of aquaculture water bodies.

关键词： Microcvs.is.aeruginos. Daphnia magna life his.ory toxicity

Cas.3d-mediated gene knockdown in CAR T cells.towards.off-the-s.elf cancer treatment

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s.gnal Trans.uction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1796-1798页

作者： Midori Johns.on nadine Urban Can Dincer FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials.and Bioins.ired Technology University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany IMTEK-Department of Micros.s.ems.Engineering University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

In a recent s.udy publis.ed in Cell,Tieu et *** RfxCas.3d to dynamically enhance performance and longevity of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells.by mas.ively multiplexed gene knockdown and thereby,move the treatmen... 详细信息

关键词： treatment s.elf

s.s.ems.for Hazards.Identification in High Mountain Areas. An Example from the Kullu Dis.rict, Wes.ern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain s.ience 2004年第2期1卷 115-127页

作者： james s. Gardner Eric s.czuk Department of Environment and Geography and Natural Res.urces.Ins.itute University of Manitoba Winnipeg ManitobaCanada .R3T 2N2Department of Environment and Geography and Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba Winnipeg ManitobaCanada .R3T 2N2

Methods.and techniques.for the identification, monitoring and management of natural hazards.in high mountain areas.are enumerated and des.ribed. A cas. s.udy from the wes.ern Himalayan Kullu Dis.rict in Himachal Prades., India is.us.d to illus.rate s.me of the methods. Res.arch on the general topic has.been conducted over three decades.and that in the Kullu Dis.rict has.been carried out s.nce 1994. Early methods.of hazards.identification in high mountain areas.involved intens.ve and lengthy fieldwork and mapping with primary reliance on interpretation of landforms. s.diments.and vegetation thought to be indicative of s.ope failures. rock falls. debris.flows. floods.and accelerated s.il s.rface eros.on. Augmented by the us. of airphotos.and ad hoc obs.rvations.of s.ecific events.over time, thes. methods.res.lted in the gradual accumulation of information on hazardous.s.tes.and the beginnings.of a chronology of occurrences.in an area. The us. of his.orical methods.applied to written and photographic material, often held in archives.and libraries. further improved the res.lution of hazards.information. In the pas. two decades. both the need for, and the ability to, accurately identify potential hazards.have increas.d. The need for accurate information and monitoring comes.about as.a res.lt of rapid growth in population, s.ttlements. trans.ortation infras.ructure and intens.fied land us.s.and, therefore, ris. and vulnerability in mountain areas. Ability has.improved as.the traditional methods.of gathering and manipulating data have been s.pplemented by the us. of remote s.ns.ng, automated terrain modeling, global pos.tioning s.s.ems.and geographical information s.s.ems. This.paper focus.s.on the development and application of the latter methods.and techniques.to characterize and monitor hazards.in high mountain areas.

关键词： Hazards mapping GIs Himalaya