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Availability, Accessibility and Contribution of Infant Flours to the Diet of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Benin

Agricultural sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1766-1787页

作者： Flora T. F. Laleye nadia Fanou-Fogny Yann E. Madode Flora J. Chadare Marius s. Kanhounnon Bernadette H. Boyiako Mourichide M. Achamou Djidjodo J. Hounhouigan school of Nutrition and Food sciences and Technologies Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Food and Bioresource sciences and Technologies and Human Nutrition School of Sciences and Techniques of Conservation and Transformation of Agricultural Products University Center of Sakété National University of Agriculture Sakété Benin

This study assesses the nutritional composition as well as the availability and affordability of infant flour found on the market and in the households of Benin. To do that assessment, a two-step cross-sectional survey based on food ethnography methods was used. A total of 61 marketplaces were visited in seven towns and rural districts as part of the availability and affordability survey, while 400 children (aged 6 to 59 months) were surveyed to track the uses of infant flours at the household level. The results obtained reveal that pre-manufactured infant flour is sold more in urban areas (Cotonou, Porto-Novo and Parakou) than in rural ones. The average infant flours price did not vary (p = 0.985) in any given year (regardless of abundance or lean periods) nor does it vary (p = 0.133) from one point of sale to another (drugstore or supermarkets). However, the average price is found to be expensive considering the purchasing power of the households surveyed. On the other hand, the amount of ingredients used in the production of the flour types found on the market complies with the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius, unlike the homemade ones. Pre-manufactured infant flour is found to be outside of the economic reach of most households (92%) who rely heavily on the homemade ones to feed their children. In light of the above, public authorities should help improve geographic access and pricing affordability to quality infant flour for low-income households in urban and remote areas. Moreover, awareness should be raised among mothers relative to the importance of complementary feeding through education on good nutrition practices.

关键词： Infant Flour Complementary Feeding Nutritional Composition Children Food Ethnography

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Dengue: An Escalating Problem of Our society

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第1期5卷 9-13页

作者： Faiza Naseer Attiya Nazish Rida Khan samra sadiq nadia Perveen Zainab Kaleem shaneel Kausar Muhammad Zeeshan Ashraf College of Pharmacy GC University Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Agriculture University Faisalabad Pakistan

Dengue virus infection is more and more acknowledged as one of the world’s major escalating problems. Dengue is prevalent in most tropical and subtropical countries. To solve this problem, pharmacists need to understand the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical spectrum, diagnosis, management, prevention, and novel avenues of dengue.

关键词： Dengue Escalating Pharmacist Prevention Novel Avenues

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Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Tannins from Grape Byproducts by Response surface Methodology. Influence of solid-Liquid Ratio, Particle size, Time, Temperature and solvent Mixtures on the Optimization Process

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2014年第4期5卷 397-409页

作者： Hiba N. Rajha Nada El Darra Zeina Hobaika nadia Boussetta Eugene Vorobiev Richard G. Maroun Nicolas Louka Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon UTC/EsCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/EsCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France.

The current work concerns the optimization process of phenolic compounds solid liquid extraction from grape byproducts at high temperatures and short incubation times. The effect of five experimental parameters (solidliquid ratio, particle size, time, temperature and solvent mixture) mostly believed to affect the extraction process was undertaken. A first response surface methodology experimental design was used to optimize the solid-liquid ratio and milling time parameters. A second design was used for the optimization of the quantitative and qualitative parameters. The quantitative parameters studied are: total phenolic compounds, flavonoid content, total monomeric anthocyanin composition and tannin concentration. The qualitative parameters analyzed are: antiradical activity and antioxidant capacity. The second design was based on the use of time, temperature and solvent mixture as optimization parameters. The assays were first conducted separately revealing the best experimental conditions for the maximization of each response variable alone. A simultaneous response surface methodology of all the responses taken together was then conducted, showing the optimal extraction conditions to be: 93 minutes at 94?C and in 66% ethanol/water solvent. The maximal response values obtained for each parameter are: Total Phenolic Compounds yield (5.5 g GAE/100g DM), Flavonoid Content (5.4 g GAE/100g DM), Total Monomeric Anthocyanin yield (70.3 mg/100g DM), Tannin Concentration (12.3 g/L), Antiradical Activity (67.3%) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (393 mgAAE/L). All of the optimal values were acquired at 3 mL/g solid-liquid ratio and 6.8 min milling time. The obtained extracts could be used as natural bioactive compounds in several industrial applications.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Grape Byproducts Extraction Optimization Response surface Methodology Antioxidant

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Modification of Campylobacterjejuni Broiler Colonization by a Feed Additive Composed of Encapsulated Organic Acids and Essential Oils

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology(A) 2014年第10期4卷 853-864页

作者： Alexandre Thibodeau Philippe Fravalo Robert Gauthier Evelyne Guevremont nadia Bergeron sylvette Laurent-Lewandowski sylvaln Quessy Martine Boulianne Ann Letellier Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Montreal Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada Food Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 8E3 Canada JEFO Nutrition Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 7B6 Canada

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel feed additive on chicken intestinal colonization and carcass contamination by Campylobacterjejuni. The feed additive was composed of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils （OA/EO）. The feed additive tested was provided by Jefo Nutrition Inc., st-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada. Day-old birds were separated into two rooms and subdivided into two groups. Chicken were fed with OA/EO or not fed with OA/EO until they reached 35 d of age. At 14 d of age, chickens received an oral suspension of two well characterized C. jejuni strains, depending on the room they were housed in. The levels of C. jejuni were periodically monitored in the caecum and on the carcasses. C. jejuni colonization was further characterized by the use of high-resolution melt analysis of the C. jejuniflaA gene （HRM-flaA）. The effect of the feed additive was strain-dependent. In room two, the feed additive had no effect on the caecal counts. In room one, at 35 d of age, caecal C. jejuni counts were higher with OA/EO, as opposed to carcasses counts which were lower in the treated group. The HRM-flaA analysis showed that an amplification profile was predominant in birds fed with OA/EO at 35 d of age in room one, suggesting the selection of a C. jejuni strain. In conclusion, the OA/EO seemed to be effective to reduce C. jejuni levels but this effect appeared strain dependent.

关键词： C. jejuni control feed additive HRM organic acids and essential oils chicken colonization.

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Neoadjuvant-intensified treatment for rectal cancer:Time to change?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第20期19卷 3052-3061页

作者： Daniela Musio Francesca De Felice nadia Bulzonetti Roberta Guarnaccia Rossella Caiazzo Caterina Bangrazi Nicola Raffetto Vincenzo Tombolini Department of Radiotherapy Policlinico Umberto I University of Rome "Sapienza"00161 RomeItaly

AIM:To investigate whether neoadjuvant-intensified radiochemotherapy improved overall and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal ***:Between January 2007 and December 2011,80 patients with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma were *** were clinically classified as either T3 or T4 and by the N stage based on the presence or absence of positive regional lymph *** received intensified combined modality treatment,consisting of neoadjuvant radiation therapy(50.4-54.0 Gy) and infusional chemotherapy(oxaliplatin 50 mg/m 2) on the first day of each week,plus five daily continuous infusions of fluorouracil(200 mg/m 2 per die) from the first day of radiation therapy until radiotherapy *** received five or six cycles of oxaliplatin based on performance status,clinical lymph node involvement,and potential risk of a non-sphincter-conserving surgical *** was planned 7 to 9 wk after the end of radiochemotherapy treatment;adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was left to the oncologist's discretion and was recommended in patients with positive lymph *** treatment,all patients were monitored every three months for the first year and every six months for the subsequent ***:Of the 80 patients enrolled,75 patients completed the programmed neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy *** patients received the radiotherapy prescribed total dose;five patients suspended chemotherapy indefinitely because of chemotherapyrelated *** least five cycles of oxaliplatin were administered to 73 *** was well tolerated with high compliance and a good level of *** of the acute toxic effects observed were classified as grades *** grade 2 was the most common symptom(63.75%) and the earliest manifestation of acute *** toxicity grades 3-4 was reported in 30% of patients and grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea reported in just three patients(3.75%).seventy-seven

关键词： Rectal cancer Neoadjuvant treatment Intensified radiochemotherapy Oxaliplatin Fluorouracil

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ARFGEF2Knockdown Enhances TNF-αInduced Endothelial Expression of the Cell Adhesion Molecules VCAM1and ICAM1

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2013年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： Daniel A. Dworkis Elizabeth s. Klings sherene M. shenouda nadia solovieff Efthymia Melista Carl Giovannucci surinder safaya Guihua Li Joseph A. Vita Martin H. steinberg Clinton T. Baldwin Center for Human Genetics Boston University School of Medicine Boston USA Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston USA Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston USA

sickle cell anemia (sCA) is an autosomal-recessive hemoglobinopathy with a highly variable phenotype. Multiple clinical complications are characteristic of sCA including inflammatory and oxidant damage to both small and large blood vessels, hemolysis, vasoocclusion, and premature mortality. The overall severity of sCA is affected by multiple genetic modifier loci, including ARFGEF2, a gene known to modify TNF-α receptor release from human endothelial cells. In this report, we examine the effect of siRNA mediated knockdown of ARFGEF2 inhuman pulmonary artery endothelial cells and report that TNF-α induced expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1, both important mediators of endo-thelial-leukocyte adhesion, is significantly enhanced after ARFGEF2 knockdown. Levels of ICAM-1 protein are also increased in TNF-α treated endothelial cells after ARFGEF2 knockdown;the increased ICAM-1 appears to be localized in the cytoplasm. IL-1β stimulation of endothelial cells without ARFGEF2 produced enhanced ICAM1 expression only. Additionally, ARFGEF2 knockdown distinctly altered endothelial cell morphology. Large-vessel pathology in sCA is believed to begin with endothelial activation by inflammatory cytokines and adhesion of sickle erythrocytes and leukocytes, leading to a progressive vasculopathy characterized by smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Understanding how variability in the function of ARFGEF2 alters the response of pulmonary vasculature to TNF-α might suggest new targets for sCA treatment.

关键词： Cell Adhesion Molecules Endothelium Hemoglobin Inflammation sickle Cell Disease

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Expression of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in human placenta and fetal membranes

Expression of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase ind...

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中国细胞生物学学会医学细胞生物学、免疫细胞生物学和发育生物学专业委员会学术研讨会

作者： Wei Li, nadia Alfaidy, JRG. Challis CIHR Group in Fetal and Neonatal Health, Development Department of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto ON

EMMPRIN, also called CD147, basigin or M6 in the human, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is present on the surface of tumor cells and various embryonic and adult tissues and cells. EMMPRIN has been s... 详细信息

关键词： EMMPRIN Expression of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in human placenta and fetal membranes

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2020 Roadmap on gas-involved photo-and electro-catalysis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第12期30卷 2089-2109页

作者： Yulu Yang Yang Tang Haomin Jiang Yongmei Chen Pingyu Wan Maohong Fan Rongrong Zhang sana Ullah Lun Pan Ji-Jun Zou Mengmeng Lao Wenping sun Chao Yang Gengfeng Zheng Qiling Peng Ting Wang Yonglan Luo Xuping sun Alexander s.Konev Oleg V.Levin Panagiotis Lianos Zhuofeng Hu Zhurui shen Qinglan Zhao Ying Wang nadia Todorova Christos Trapalis Matthew V.sheridan Haipeng Wang Ling Zhang songmei sun Wenzhong Wang Jianmin Ma school of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China school of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332United States College of Engineering and Applied sciences and School of Energy ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY 82071United States Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072China Institute for superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNSW 2522Australia Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of Fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Chemical synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China Institute of Chemistry St.Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya emb.St.Petersburg 199034Russian Federation Department of Chemical Engineering University of PatrasPatras 26500Greece school of Environmental science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation TechnologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China school of Materials science and Engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Chemistry Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR"Demokritos"Athens 15341Greece state Key Laboratory of school of Radiation Medicine and Protection and school for Radiological and interdisciplinary sciences(RAD-X) Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China state Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and superf

Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution,but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal ***-,photoelectro-,and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright ***,some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products,such as H2 evolution(H2 production),02 evolution/reduction,CO2 reduction,N2 reduction(or N2 fixation) *** can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction(HER),at the same time,we also need highly efficient 02 reduction reaction(ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction ***,we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction(OER),and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction ***,we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction(CRR).Last but not the least,we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction(NRR),which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble *** reactions,such as HER,ORR,OER,CRR and NRR could be realized through solar-,photoelectro-and electro-assisted *** them,the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products,so we should consider the efficiency of ***,the cost,synthetic methods of catalysts should also be ***,significant progress has been achieved,however,many challenges still exist,reaction systems,catalysts underlying mechanisms,and so *** extremely active fields,we should pay attention to *** the background,it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’GasInvolved Photo-and Electro-Catalysis’.

关键词： H2 evolution reaction O2 reduction reaction O2 evolution reaction CO2 reduction reaction N2 reduction reaction Electrocatalysis Photocatalysis Photoelectrocatalysis

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Multiple Response Optimization of High Temperature, Low Time Aqueous Extraction Process of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Byproducts

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2014年第4期5卷 351-360页

作者： Hiba N. Rajha Nicolas Louka Nada El Darra Zeina Hobaika nadia Boussetta Eugène Vorobiev Richard G. Maroun Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon UTC/EsCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/EsCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France

In this study phenolic compounds extraction from grape byproducts was conducted using pure water as a solvent. High temperatures and low time incubation periods were used in the aim of reducing the cost of the process and heightening the phenolic compounds yield. Response surface methodology (RsM) was realized to study the effect of time and temperature on crushed and uncrushed grape pomace. The phenolic content was evaluated considering the quantity (total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (FC), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) and tannins (TC)), and quality (antiradical activity (AA) and antioxidant capacity (AC)) of the extracts. High temperature low time extraction design used in this study was compared to the extraction process at moderate temperatures with relatively long periods of time. This was proved to ameliorate the quantitative extraction of phenolic compounds from grape pomace without affecting their bioactivity. Moreover, multiple response optimization showed the optimal extraction parameters to be 81?C and 140 minutes for the unmilled pomace samples, and 88?C and 5 minutes for the milled. TPC, FC, TMA, TC, AA and AC are almost the same for both optimums. Thus the possibility of replacing the milling process by the extraction time prolongation (for the unmilled pomace) of 135 minutes seems to be very plausible. HPLC analysis showed different quantity and diversity of extracted phenolics for the optimums. However this difference did not significantly affect the overall activity, showing that PC in the different extracts act in complete synergy all together leading to important biological properties. The obtained results using the extraction strategy adopted in this work could lead to several industrial applications.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Grape Byproducts Optimization Aqueous Extraction Response surface Methodology

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Climate Change Trend Observations in Morocco: Case study of Beni Mellal-Khenifra and Darâa-Tafilalt Regions

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第7期6卷 34-50页

作者： Ait Ouhamchich Kamal Karaoui Ismail Arioua Abdelkrim Kasmi Atika Elhamdouni Driss Elfiraoui Fatima Ezzahra Arioua Zakaria Nazi Fatima Nabih nadia Earth sciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Béni Mella Morocco Regional Meteorology Office Béni Mellal Morocco

Despite the extreme events impact on various climate events frequency and intensity in many developing countries, there has been dearth information on daily climate trends and climatic extremes. This study comes to characterize the climate type and its evolution in Morocco, specially the two regions Beni Mellal-Khenifra and Daraa-Tafilalt. RClimdex software has been used to calculate pluvio-thermal and ombro-thermic indices in the studied stations to reveal climate type in the two regions, their evolutions, and the daily extreme temperatures and precipitations. A cartographic representation has been done for the calculated indices and climatic trends in the stations from 1970 to 2016. As results, the temperature trend for hot day’s number shows a significant increase, while the cold night’s numbers, warm sequences, and precipitation are gradually decreases especially at Khouribga and Midelt. These observed modifications influence negatively the annual rainfall total in the year, the consecutive wet days, the maximums rainy days, and the increase of consecutively dry days. As a conclusion, the Martonne aridity and ombro-thermic indices, show that the temperatures and precipitations evolutions do not induce a change in the climate type for the studied regions.

关键词： Climate Trends Precipitation Temperature RClimdex Beni Mellal-Khenifra Daraa-Tafilalt

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