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Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Tannins from Grape Byproducts by Response Surface Methodology. Influence of Solid-Liquid Ratio, Particle Size, Time, Temperature and Solvent Mixtures on the Optimization Process

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 397-409页

作者： Hiba N. Rajha Nada El Darra Zeina Hobaika nadia boussetta Eugene Vorobiev Richard G. Maroun Nicolas Louka Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France.

The current work concerns the optimization process of phenolic compounds solid liquid extraction from grape byproducts at high temperatures and short incubation times. The effect of five experimental parameters (solidliquid ratio, particle size, time, temperature and solvent mixture) mostly believed to affect the extraction process was undertaken. A first response surface methodology experimental design was used to optimize the solid-liquid ratio and milling time parameters. A second design was used for the optimization of the quantitative and qualitative parameters. The quantitative parameters studied are: total phenolic compounds, flavonoid content, total monomeric anthocyanin composition and tannin concentration. The qualitative parameters analyzed are: antiradical activity and antioxidant capacity. The second design was based on the use of time, temperature and solvent mixture as optimization parameters. The assays were first conducted separately revealing the best experimental conditions for the maximization of each response variable alone. A simultaneous response surface methodology of all the responses taken together was then conducted, showing the optimal extraction conditions to be: 93 minutes at 94?C and in 66% ethanol/water solvent. The maximal response values obtained for each parameter are: Total Phenolic Compounds yield (5.5 g GAE/100g DM), Flavonoid Content (5.4 g GAE/100g DM), Total Monomeric Anthocyanin yield (70.3 mg/100g DM), Tannin Concentration (12.3 g/L), Antiradical Activity (67.3%) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (393 mgAAE/L). All of the optimal values were acquired at 3 mL/g solid-liquid ratio and 6.8 min milling time. The obtained extracts could be used as natural bioactive compounds in several industrial applications.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Grape Byproducts Extraction Optimization Response Surface Methodology Antioxidant

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Multiple Response Optimization of High Temperature, Low Time Aqueous Extraction Process of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Byproducts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 351-360页

作者： Hiba N. Rajha Nicolas Louka Nada El Darra Zeina Hobaika nadia boussetta Eugène Vorobiev Richard G. Maroun Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France

In this study phenolic compounds extraction from grape byproducts was conducted using pure water as a solvent. High temperatures and low time incubation periods were used in the aim of reducing the cost of the process and heightening the phenolic compounds yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) was realized to study the effect of time and temperature on crushed and uncrushed grape pomace. The phenolic content was evaluated considering the quantity (total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (FC), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) and tannins (TC)), and quality (antiradical activity (AA) and antioxidant capacity (AC)) of the extracts. High temperature low time extraction design used in this study was compared to the extraction process at moderate temperatures with relatively long periods of time. This was proved to ameliorate the quantitative extraction of phenolic compounds from grape pomace without affecting their bioactivity. Moreover, multiple response optimization showed the optimal extraction parameters to be 81?C and 140 minutes for the unmilled pomace samples, and 88?C and 5 minutes for the milled. TPC, FC, TMA, TC, AA and AC are almost the same for both optimums. Thus the possibility of replacing the milling process by the extraction time prolongation (for the unmilled pomace) of 135 minutes seems to be very plausible. HPLC analysis showed different quantity and diversity of extracted phenolics for the optimums. However this difference did not significantly affect the overall activity, showing that PC in the different extracts act in complete synergy all together leading to important biological properties. The obtained results using the extraction strategy adopted in this work could lead to several industrial applications.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Grape Byproducts Optimization Aqueous Extraction Response Surface Methodology

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Integrated assessment of biochemical responses in Mediterranean crab (Carcinus maenas) collected from Monastir Bay,Tunisia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1714-1720页

作者： Jamel Jebali Sana Ben-Khedher Jihene Ghedira Nawel Kamel Hamadi boussetta Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology Higher Institute of AgricultureChott-Mariem4042-SousseTunisia

The biochemical response of Mediteranean Crab （Carcinus maenas） collected at five stations of Monastir Bay and from Kuriat station as control was studied using a set of complementary biomarkers. The catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, acetycholinesterase activities; and metallothionein and malonediladehyde levels in gills were evaluated. Results revealed differences among sites in relation to each specific biomarker. Hence, a suite of biomarkers can be used to discriminate sampling sites according to types of pollution, reflecting differing conditions of anthropogenic impact. Based on Integrated Biomarker Response, the highest values and critical biochemical alteration were observed at Khniss and Ksibat in response to urban and industrial discharges and the lowest IBR value was found at reference site. The current study has shown clearly that a biomarker-based index is usefulness tool in the monitoring Tunisian coast using C. maenas as sentinel specie. Further studies in progress to investigate the seasonal variations of IBR levels and its relationship to pollutants concentrations in the sediment, gills and digestive gland of Carcinus maenas from Monastir Bay.

关键词： Carcinus maenas acetycholinesterase metallothionein glutathione S-transferase lactate dehydrogenase catalase malonedialdehyde

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Acute effects of chlorpyryphos-ethyl and secondary treated effluents on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in Carcinus maenas

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1467-1472页

作者： Jihene Ghedira Jamel Jebali Zied Bouraoui Mohamed Banni Lassaad Chouba Hamadi boussetta Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology Higher Institute of Agriculture Chott-Mariem 4042 Sousse Tunisia Chemical Laboratory Higher Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology La Goulette Center 2060 Tunisia

The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl （Dursban ） and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent （STIUE） exposure on acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and butyrylcholinesterase （BuChE） activities in hepatopancreas and gills of Mediterranean crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. After 2 d of exposure to chlorpyriphos-ethyl, the AChE activity was inhibited in both organs at concentrations of 3.12 and 7.82 μg/L, whereas the BuCHE was inhibited only at higher concentration 7.82 μg/L of commercial preparation Dursban~. The exposure of crabs to Dursban （3.12 μg/L） showed a significant decrement of ACHE activity at 24 and 48 h, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only after 24 h and no inhibition for both enzymes was observed after 72 h. Moreover, a significant repression of AChE activity was observed in both organs of C. maenas exposed to 5% of STIUE. Our experiments indicated that the measurement of AChE activity in gills and hepatopancreas of C. maenas would be useful biomarker of organophosphorous （OP） and of neurotoxic effects of STIUE in Tunisia.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase organophosphorous Dursban secondary treated industrial/urban effluent Carcinus maenas

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Effect of Cellulose Microfibers from Sugar Beet Pulp By-product on the Reinforcement of HDPE Composites Prepared by Twin‐screw Extrusion and Injection Molding

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 349-365页

作者： Abdelghani boussetta Anass Ait Benhamou Francisco J.Barba Nabil Grimi Mario J.Simirgiotis Amine Moubarik Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Poly Disciplinary FacultySultan Moulay Slimane UniversityBP 592Beni-MellalMorocco Materials Science Energy and Nanoengineering(MSN)DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityLot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid43150Ben GuerirMorocco Materials Science and Process Optimization Laboratory Faculty of Science SemlaliaCadi Ayyad University40000MarrakechMorocco Nutrition and Food Science Area Preventive Medicine and Public HealthFood ScienceToxicology and Forensic Medicine DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyUniversitat de ValènciaAvda.Vicent Andrés Estelléss/n46100BurjassotValènciaSpain Sorbonne Université Universitéde Technologie de CompiègneLaboratoire Transformations Intégrées de La Matière Renouvelable(UTC/ESCOMEA 4297 TIMR)Centre de recherches RoyallieuCS 6031960203Compiègne CedexFrance Campus Isla Teja Institute of PharmacyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de Chile5090000ValdiviaChile

The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE)*** CMFs were first obtained by subjecting raw SBP to alkali and bleaching *** characterization techniques were performed to confirm the successful removal of the amorphous compounds from the surface of individual fibers,including SEM,XRD,TGA,and FT-IR *** CMF loadings(5–10 wt%)were incorporated as bio-fillers into HDPE polymer to evaluate their reinforcing ability in comparison to raw and alkali-treated SBP using twin-screw extrusion followed by injection ***–(Ethylene–Butene)–Styrene Three-Block Co-Polymer Grafted with Maleic Anhydride was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the ***,mechanical,and rheological properties of the produced composite samples were *** was found that the Young’s modulus were gradually increased with increasing of fibers loadings,with a maximum increase of 30%and 26%observed for composite containing 10 wt%of CMFs and raw SBP,respectively,over neat ***,the use of coupling agent enhances the ductile behavior of the *** was also found that all fiber improves the hardness and toughness behavior of all reinforced composites as well as the complex modulus particularly at 10 wt%.The thermal stability slightly increases with the addition of *** study demonstrates a new route for the valorization of SBP *** fibers can be considered as a valuable bio-fillers candidate for the development of composite materials with enhanced properties.

关键词： Sugar beet pulp By-product-Cellulose HDPE Coupling agent Composite Mechanical and rheological properties

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Cervical Spine Tuberculosis： A Case Report

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第8期4卷 375-377页

作者： Rafik Elafram Rim boussetta Ismail Jerbi Sami Bouchoucha Walid Saied Mohamed Nabil Nessib Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Children Hospital Tunis 1006 Tunisia

Bone localization of tuberculosis mainly affects the thoraco-lumbar spine. The cervical spine is rare. Its diagnosis is often late which exposes to great instability and potentially serious complications. We reported the case of a 10-year old boy with no medical history, showed torticollis and high temperature without neurological complication. In the physical examination, he had torticollis and pain in the third, fourth and fifth cervical vertebra. When biopsy was performed, we fred an inter apophysis （between C3 and C4） collection. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of apophysis tuberculosis. The management based on tuberculosis chemotherapy and immobilization started as soon as possible.

关键词： Tuberculosis cervical spine apophysis.

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